UMarion V.
Ngaba uyazibuza ukuba sesiphi esona sixeko siyingozi eFransi? Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa! Ulwaphulo-mthetho eFransi yinkxalabo ekhulayo, kwaye kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngeendawo onokuziphepha. Kweli nqaku, siza kuntywila kuluhlu lwezona zixeko ziyingozi elizweni, kodwa lumka, iziphumo zisenokukothusa! Zilungiselele ukufumana iinyani ezimangalisayo, i-anecdotes enomdla kwaye mhlawumbi ucele umngeni kwimibono yakho. Ke, bopha iqhosha kwaye ulungele uhambo olonwabisayo ngolwaphulo-mthetho eFransi!
Uluhlu lwangaphakathi
Ulwaphulo-mthetho eFransi: inkxalabo ekhulayo
EFransi, ilizwe lokukhanya kunye nembali, namhlanje lijongene nesithunzi esikhulayo: ulwaphulo-mthetho. Uphando odoxa ka-2020 ibonisa ukuba 68% abemi baziva bengakhuselekanga. Le nkxalabo ivakala kakhulu kwiimetropolises apho umgangatho wentlalo unzima kakhulu kwaye nemingeni yokhuseleko ibeka ngakumbi.
I-barometer yokungakhuseleki iye yaqhubeka inyuka, ibonisa ukuxhatshazwa okungena kubomi bemihla ngemihla baseFransi. Nge isalathisi solwaphulo-mthetho se-53%, iFransi izifumana ijongene nezinto zokwenyani ezothusayo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olunje ukuhlaselwa ekhaya, Kuqikelelwa kwi-70%, kunye nokwesaba ukuhlaselwa kwisitalato, kuqikelelwa kwi-59%, kuphembelela ukuziva usengozini.
Amanani ngabagadi abathuleyo abalumkisa malunga nemeko yoluntu lwethu. Kwesi sixeko sixakekileyo, iingozi zibonakala zanda, nto leyo eshiya abemi bekhangela inzolo. Nantsi itheyibhile eshwankathela le nyaniso iphazamisayo:
| Khombisa | Iinkcukacha-manani zeSizwe | ISixeko esiChaphazeleke kakhulu | Isalathiso Sasekuhlaleni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuziva ungakhuselekanga | 68% | Nantes | 63% |
| Isalathiso solwaphulo-mthetho | 53% | - | - |
| Ukuhlasela ekhaya | 70% | - | - |
| Ukoyika ugonyamelo | 59% | - | - |
| Umngcipheko wolwaphulo-mthetho/ukuziphatha okubi kubemi abayi-1000 | 10.6% | - | - |
Uhlalutyo lweendlela kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo lubonisa ukuba, phantse ngaphandle kokukhetha, abahlali phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zasezidolophini zaseFransi babona ukunyuka okumangalisayo kokungakhuseleki kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho. I-Nantes, ngokukodwa, ngelishwa imele izinga layo eliphezulu apho 63% abahlali bavakalisa inkxalabo yabo ngolwaphulo-mthetho.
Isitrato ngasinye, ummelwane ngamnye unokubalisa ibali elahlukileyo, kodwa umxholo ofanayo ucacile: imfuneko yenyathelo eliqinisekileyo lokubuyisela uxolo nenzolo. Njengoko siqhubela phambili nalo mba, khumbula ukuba la manani ayingomanani alula, kodwa yimbonakaliso yobomi bemihla ngemihla obuchatshazelwa sisoyikiso esifihlakeleyo.
Sesiphi esona sixeko siyingozi eFransi?
Ukungakhuseleki eFransi yinkxalabo ekhulayo, ebonakalayo ezitalatweni nasemakhaya, apho abemi bazibuza ngexhala: Sesiphi esona sixeko siyingozi eFransi? Izibalo zika-2022 zinika impendulo ekhathazayo: kunjalo Lille, esi sixeko sisemantla, esinomlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho ophethe ingxelo elusizi yelizwe. Nge Ama-25 olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezigwenxa irekhodiwe, isixeko sibonisa izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lwe 106,35 kubemi abayi-1, eyothusayo i-10,6%. Eli nani liwudlula kude umyinge wesizwe, libeka iLille phezulu kuluhlu lwezixeko apho kufuneka uqwalaselo kuzo zonke iikona zezitrato.
Oku akuthethi ukuba ezinye izixeko zisindisiwe. Ngoko, Nantes ijongene nenyaniso ebuhlungu, nesalathiso solwaphulo-mthetho sifikelela kuma-63%. Abantu baseNantes babona ukwanda okumangalisayo kolwaphulo-mthetho, olunyuke ngama-89% kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Usongelo oluhlala luhleli lunomthwalo wokuziphatha kwabahlali, ababona isixeko sabo siguquka sibe yindawo yezenzo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
eMarseille, Marseille, ayifanele yoyiswa. Iyaziwa ngomoya wayo ofudumeleyo kunye nezibuko layo eliyimbali, ngelishwa lizibeka kwindawo yesibini kolu luhlu lungenakunqweneleka. Ngesalathiso solwaphulo-mthetho esingama-61%, iMarseille sisixeko apho ukungakhuseleki kugquba, nangona isidima saso sobuhlobo singonakaliswa.
Emva kwala manani kukho amabali obomi, iindawo zokuhlala apho iintsapho, abanini bamashishini kunye nabantwana besikolo kufuneka bafunde ukumelana nale nyaniso. Umceli mngeni uphezulu: ukufumana izisombululo zokubuyisela ukuzola kwezi ndawo zokuhlala. Njengoko siqhubeka nolu phononongo lwasezidolophini, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba emva kweenkcukacha-manani, kukho abemi abanqwenela ukuphila ngoxolo.
Umlo wokulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho lidabi lemihla ngemihla elibandakanya bonke abachaphazelekayo eluntwini: ukuthotyelwa komthetho, ubulungisa, imfundo, kunye nabemi. Kuxa ezi zixeko zihlangene zibe nethemba lokufumana kwakhona uxolo nonqabiseko. Kwintsalela yeli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngokuhlelwa kwezona zixeko ziyingozi kakhulu eFransi, ngaloo ndlela sinika umbono opheleleyo wemeko yokungakhuseleki kuwo wonke ummandla.
Uluhlu lwezona zixeko ziyingozi kakhulu eFransi
Ukuba singena kudederhu lweenkcukacha-manani zolwaphulo-mthetho eFransi, sifumanisa indawo esedolophini apho ukuzola kohluka kakhulu ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye. Ngasemva kodonga lwezikhumbuzo zembali kunye nezitrato ezidlamkileyo, ezinye izixeko ezinkulu zifihla icala elimnyama, eliphawulwe lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngale ndlela, Intle ngelishwa igqame ngokuhlala kwinqanaba lesithathu leqonga ngesantya solwaphulo-mthetho esothusayo se 59%. Le perile yaseCôte d'Azur, eyaziwa ngecarnival yayo kunye nePromenade des Anglais, namhlanje igutyungelwe ziinkxalabo zokhuseleko zabemi bayo.
Ikomkhulu laseFransi, Paris, ayifanelanga kugqithwa kwaye ikwindawo yesine ngezinga lolwaphulo-mthetho lwe 55%. IsiXeko seZibane, esitsala izigidi zabakhenkethi kunye neendwendwe ezizizigidi minyaka le, kufuneka sijongane nemingeni eyayanyaniswa noxinaniso kunye nokuthandwa kwehlabathi. Ngeli xesha, Lille, ngomlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho 54%, ibekwe kwindawo yesihlanu, ebonisa umlo oqhubekayo wokulwa nogonyamelo olwenze ukuba libe sesona sixeko siyingozi kakhulu eFransi malunga nobundlobongela.
Izibalo ziyaqhubeka nokupeyinta umfanekiso okhathazayo njengezixeko ezifana Montpellier, Grenoble, Rennes, Lyon et elixhonywayo Gqibezela eli 10 liphezulu. La manani ayingomanani abandayo nangabonakaliyo; baquka amava emihla ngemihla kubahlali kwaye baqaqambisa ukungxamiseka kwamanyathelo abambekayo okunqanda eli gagasi lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi ntlawulo azimiselwanga kwaye izixeko, zixhobe ngokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nokomelela koluntu, zisebenza ngokuzimisela ukubuyisela umva le mikhwa. Isixeko ngasinye sinamaqhinga aso kunye namanyathelo okuphucula ukhuseleko nempilo-ntle yabemi baso, ukusuka ekujikelezeni kweengingqi ukuya kwiinkqubo zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngoko ke, nangona udidi luveza iindawo ezingwevu, akufuneki lufihle iinzame ezenziweyo okanye inkqubela eyenziweyo ekulweni nolwaphulo-mthetho.
Olu luhlu lunokuvusa uloyiko olufanelekileyo, kodwa lujolise ngaphezu kwako konke ukwazisa nokukhuthaza ukuphaphama kunye nomanyano. Ngokujonga la manani, sinokuyiqonda ngcono imiba yokhuseleko ejongene nezixeko zethu, kwaye kunye, sisebenzele ukubuyisela inzolo eluntwini.
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Ukhuseleko kwiindawo zaseFransi
Xa kuziwa ekuvavanyeni ulwaphulo-mthetho lwaseFransi, iidolophu azikhutshelwanga kule nyaniso inzima. Kanjalo, eSaint-Denis eSeine-Saint-Denis ibalasele, ngelishwa, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lobunjubaqa. Ngokungaphezulu Ngama-16 olwaphulo-mthetho olurekhodiweyo ngowama-000, le dolophu iqaqambisa imingeni yokhuseleko ejongene neendawo ezithile ezikufutshane nedolophu.
Izitrato zaseSaint-Denis zinembali etyebileyo kodwa ekwayingcungcuthekiso. Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zothando, ityhefu kunye nokulungiswa kwamanqaku zoba ipateni emnyama kwilaphu lentlalontle. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba esi sixeko singanciphisi sibe kula manani othusayo. Emva kwala manani kukho amaphulo oluntu kunye namabali okomelela afuna ukubuyisela umva le meko.
IParis, ebizwa ngokuba yi inkunzi yolwaphulo-mthetho, alishiywa ngaphandle ngokuphathelele ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kude nomfanekiso wothando odla ngokugqithiswa, ikwathwala ubunzima bodumo lwayo lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwalapho lwahlukahlukene yaye lubalaselisa ukuntsonkotha kwemiba yokhuseleko kwizixeko ezikhulu.
Amahlomela edolophu, ahlala ebekwe ibala, agxile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye namandla. Ziyithiyetha yabantu abatsha ekufuneni ubuni kunye neembono. Imingeni mininzi, kwaye ukhuseleko ngumba ophambili. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuqonda le mimandla ngokubanzi ukubonelela ngeempendulo ezifanelekileyo malunga nokuthintela kunye nokukhusela.
Ngumsebenzi wexesha elide ofuna intsebenziswano esondeleyo phakathi kwabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, ukuthotyelwa komthetho, imibutho kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, abahlali ngokwabo. Wonke umntu unenxalenye yephazili yokubuyisela inzolo kwezi ngingqi ziselumelwaneni apho amandla omntu abubutyebi obungenakulinganiswa nanto.
Ukhuseleko kwiidolophu zaseFransi ke ngoko luhlala lunobuntununtunu, oluntsokothileyo kunye nombandela ontsonkothileyo, ongenakuqondwa ngaphandle kokuqonda okunzulu kwiinkalo zawo ezininzi.
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Izixeko ezikhuselekileyo eFransi
Ngelixa ezinye iindawo zaseFransi zisokola kulwaphulo-mthetho, kukho umfanekiso othuthuzelayo ovela kwezinye iindawo. Ezi ndawo zoxolo, ezihlala zingaziwa, ziphawuleka ngesantya esisezantsi sobunjubaqa, nto leyo enika abemi bazo ubomi obunomona. Phezulu kuluhlu, i Corse ityhila imihlaba yayo emangalisayo kwaye ibonise a ireyithingi yokhuseleko oluchukumisayo lwe-4.3 kwisi-5. Esi siqithi sobuhle silandelwa ngokusondeleyo yi EBretagne, la ENormandy et le Loire Valley Centre, imimandla apho imvakalelo yokhuseleko ibonakala, nganye ifumene amanqaku e-3.6.
Le isebe laseDordogne nayo ivelele, ibekwe njengomzekelo wokuzola kwayo. Kodwa ngumasipala we Sèvremoine, kufuphi neCholet eMaine-et-Loire, ephumelela ibhaso lelona dolophu lincinci liyingozi eFransi. I-Sèvremoine, enezitalato ezinoxolo kunye nobomi obusondeleleneyo boluntu, ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo indlela abaphathi bendawo abakhutheleyo abanokudala ngayo indawo ekhuselekileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, iAngers, kwisebe elifanayo, ifumene iwonga le esona sixeko silungileyo ukuhlala eFrance ngo-2023. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba ezi dolophu, ezikude nesiphithiphithi sasezidolophini, zizifumane zidume ngemeko-bume yazo entle yokuhlala. Ziquka indlela yokuphila apho unqabiseko nentlalo-ntle zizintsika zoluntu olumanyeneyo. Ezi zixeko, ezihlala zigutyungelwe yimpembelelo ye-metropolises, zifanele ukubonakaliswa ngokuzibophelela kwazo kuxolo lwentlalo kunye nokhuseleko lwabemi bazo.
Umzekelo wale mimandla kunye nezixeko ezikhuselekileyo ngumthombo wenkuthazo. Babonisa ukuba, nokuba ukulwa nobunjubaqa kuhlala kungumba ophambili wesizwe, iziqithi zoxolo zikhona kwaye ziyaphumelela kwilizwe liphela. Ezi ziseko zoxolo azibangelwa ngamabona-ndenzile, kodwa zisisiphumo semigudu emanyeneyo phakathi kwabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, iinkonzo zamapolisa kunye nabemi ngokwawo, ababandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo ekugcineni indawo abahlala kuyo.
Umahluko phakathi kwezi ndawo zoxolo kunye nezixeko ezinemiba yokhuseleko eqatha uyamangalisa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukhuseleko ayisosiphelo ngokwalo, kodwa yindlela evumela wonke umntu ukuba achume ngokupheleleyo kwisixeko okanye kwilali yakhe. Ngaloo ndlela, amabali okuqiniswa kunye nokutsha kukhuseleko lwasezidolophini, oluvela kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni kunye ne-metropolises ezinkulu, kufuneka ziphefumlelwe yimodeli yale mimandla egciniweyo.
Ukukhangela ukhuseleko kumhlaba wonke kwaye kudlula imida yejografi. Imizekelo yaseCorsica, iBrittany, iNormandy, nezixeko ezinjengeSèvremoine neAngers, bubungqina obuphilayo bokuba kukho izicombululo nokuba zinokuhanjiswa ngempumelelo ukuze kulungelwe bonke abantu.
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Ulwamkelo eFransi: umgangatho owaziwayo
Ukuba uthintelo lolwaphulo-mthetho lubalulekile, ukubuk’ iindwendwe kubaluleke ngendlela efanayo kwimbonakalo yesizwe. IFransi, kunye neendawo zayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nenkcubeko etyebileyo, ikwakhanya ngokufudumala kokwamkelwa kwayo. Kanjalo, Kayserberg, eli litye libekwe entliziyweni ye-Alsace, liye lanconywa ngenxa yobubele bayo obungenakulinganiswa. Ngokutsho kwabahambi abavela Booking.com, esi sixeko sibonisa kanye ukuzalwa kobubele baseFransi, indawo apho uncumo nobubele bungukumkani.
Kangangeminyaka emine, uAlsace walawula ekumgangatho ophezulu wokwamkela iindwendwe, ethoba ezinye iingingqi ezaziwa ngokuba nobuhlobo. Olu qwalaselo luyisiphumo sokusebenza nzima kunye nomnqweno ohlangeneyo wokugqamisa izithethe zokwamkela nokwabelana eziphawula lo mmandla. THE Hauts-de-France et la Bourgogne-Franche-Comté azikho ngasemva, zingqina ukwahlukana kwengingqi apho ikona nganye yaseFransi inegalelo kule mvakalelo yokwamkelwa ngokufudumeleyo.
Ngokophononongo olwenziwe yiBooking.com, iFrance ibekwe kwindawo yesithathu eyona ndawo yamkelekileyo emhlabeni, emva kwe-Itali neSpain. Uluhlu olubonisa ukubaluleka kobubele kumava okhenketho ngokubanzi.
Umahluko onikwe iKaysersberg kwaye le mimandla ingaphezulu nje kokumiswa; ibonakalisa ubunyani obubonwa mihla le ngabatyeleli. Enoba kukwamkelwa kwindawo yokulala yasemaphandleni, icebiso elinikelwa ngumntu odlula ngendlela okanye ukufudumala kwemarike yasekuhlaleni, ububele baseFransi buzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, busoloko buyinyaniso nesisa.
Noko ke, kubangel’ umdla ukuqaphela ukuba ulwamkelo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwintsimi. Ubuhlobo be-Alsatian, ukucinga kwabemi baseHauts-de-France okanye ububele baseBurgundi, ummandla ngamnye ulungisa iwebhu yayo yobubele. Lo mzobo wenkcubeko wenza iFransi ibe yindawo yokuzikhethela kwabo bafuna ukufumana ubutyebi bomntu ngaphaya kwemihlaba kunye nezikhumbuzo.
Ukufuna esona sixeko siyingozi kakhulu eFransi kunokubonakala kumnyama, kodwa ukukhanya kuhlala kuvela kolu nxibelelwano lwabantu, olu ncumo lutshintshisanayo kwaye olu chuku luncinci olunentliziyo efudumeleyo. Wamkelekile eFransi ayisingombuzo nje wembeko, yintanda-bulumko yobomi edluliswa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye kwaye eqhubeka ukumangalisa umhlaba.
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Ubushushu nolwaphulo-mthetho
Umlo ochasene nobushushu obuphezulu yidabi elingapheliyo kwimimandla ethile yaseFransi. Toulon ugqame njengethiyetha yalo mlo wemozulu, ephethe isihloko se isixeko eshushu eFrance kunye nobushushu obuphakathi ukuya kwi-16,5°C. Le mozulu yeMeditera, ihlala ifanelekile, nangona kunjalo ifihla imiba emikhulu, ngakumbi ngokwempilo yoluntu.
EParis, imeko iyamangalisa. Nangona ikomkhulu lingelona lishushu ngokweqondo lobushushu eliphakathi, liye lachazwa kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, ngoMatshi ka-2023, njengesixeko apho ingozi yobushushu ifikelela incopho. Amaza obushushu, abonakala esanda ngokuhamba kwexesha, abeka iParis phezulu kwizixeko zaseFransi umngcipheko wokufa okunxulumene nobushushu. Lo mcimbi uchazwa ngokukodwa lizinga eliphezulu lokufudukela ezidolophini kunye nesiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu esinokwandisa amaqondo obushushu avakalwayo.
I-heatwave ka-2003 isakhunjulwa njengesikhumbuzo esibi seziphumo ezinokuthi zibe khona zamaza obushushu. Ngelo xesha, amaqondo obushushu ayengaphaya kwemilinganiselo yamaxesha onyaka, eguqula izitrato zesixeko ezinamatye acoliweyo zibe ziiradiyetha ezingenamoya. Ngokwahluka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 ° C phakathi kweParis kunye nemimandla yasemaphandleni ejikelezileyo, impembelelo kubemi ibe nkulu, igxininisa ukukhawuleza kohlengahlengiso kunye nezisombululo zokuthintela iintlekele ezinjalo.
Olu nxibelelwano lukhoyo phakathi kobushushu nolwaphulo-mthetho lusenokubonakala lukude, ukanti luyinxalenye yemeko yedolophu entsonkothileyo. Ewe, ukuba iParis yamkelwa ngamandla kunye nokutsala umdla wayo, ikwayindawo yemiceli mngeni yokhuseleko. Uxinaniso lwedolophu kunye noxinzelelo lwentlalo lunokwandisa uxinzelelo ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu, xa ukuxinana kunye nokungonwabi kuphakamileyo. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo efanelekileyo malunga namanyathelo okuthintela kunye neziseko ezingundoqo eziza kubekwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wobomi babahlali, kuzo zonke iimeko.
Izisombululo zibandakanya indibaniselwano yophuhliso lwedolophu, njengokudalwa kweendawo eziluhlaza ukulawula ubushushu, kunye namanyathelo oluntu okuqinisa ubumbano loluntu, kwanangexesha lamaza obushushu. IFransi, kunye neParis ngokukodwa, zizifumana zisembindini womboniso wehlabathi jikelele malunga nendlela yokulungelelanisa impilo-ntle yabemi kunye neengozi zemozulu, ingxoxo ehambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kwixesha apho ukhuseleko kunye nolwamkelo lube yimiba ebalulekileyo yokutsala umdla wezixeko. .
Ukujongana nale mingeni, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhonkco phakathi kwendlela yokuphila ethambileyo, uphawu lolwamkelo lwamaFrentshi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yothintelo kunye nokungenelela ezidolophini. Ubugcisa bokuphila baseFransi, kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe zabo, kuya kufuneka ziqhelanise nemiceli mngeni yanamhlanje ukuze ziqhubeke nokuqaqamba kumboniso wehlabathi.
ILille sesona sixeko siyingozi eFrance malunga nobundlobongela ngo-2022.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho olupheleleyo lwe-25 kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwabhalwa e-Lille ngo-124, okwenza kube sisixeko esinelona nani liphezulu lolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokungahambi kakuhle eFransi.
Izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho eLille li-106,35 kubemi abali-1000, okanye i-10,6%.
