UMarion V.
Uyazibuza ukuthi yiliphi idolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance? Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa! Ubugebengu eFrance buyinkinga ekhulayo, futhi kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezindawo okufanele uzigweme. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena esilinganisweni samadolobha ayingozi kakhulu ezweni, kodwa qaphela, imiphumela ingase ikumangaze! Lungela ukuthola amaqiniso amangalisayo, ama-anecdotes ahehayo futhi mhlawumbe uze uphonsele inselelo imibono yakho yangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, zibophe futhi ulungele uhambo olujabulisayo ngokusebenzisa ubugebengu eFrance!
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
Ubugebengu eFrance: ukukhathazeka okukhulayo
France, izwe elinokukhanya nomlando, namuhla libhekene nethunzi elikhulayo: ubugebengu. Inhlolovo odoxa ka-2020 kuveza lokho 68% izakhamuzi zizwa ukungavikeleki okubonakalayo. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuzwakala kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu lapho inkundla yezenhlalo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izinselele zokuphepha zinamandla kakhulu.
I-barometer yokungavikeleki iqhubekile nokukhuphuka, ikhombisa ukushuba kwesimo esingena ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zamaFulentshi. Nge inkomba yobugebengu engama-53%, iFrance izithola ibhekene namaqiniso ashaqisayo. Amacala afana ukuhlasela ekhaya, okulinganiselwa ku-70%, kanye nokwesaba ukuhlaselwa emgwaqweni, okulinganiselwa ku-59%, kubangela umuzwa wokuba sengozini.
Izibalo ziyizinja ezithule ezixwayisa ngesimo somphakathi wethu. Edolobheni elimatasatasa, izingozi zibonakala zanda, okushiya izakhamuzi zilokhu zifuna ukuthula. Nali ithebula elifingqa leli qiniso eliphazamisayo:
| Khombisa | Izibalo Zikazwelonke | Idolobha Elithinteke Kakhulu | Inkomba Yendawo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukuzizwa ungalondekile | 68% | Nantes | 63% |
| Inkomba yobugebengu | 53% | - | - |
| Ukuhlasela ekhaya | 70% | - | - |
| Ukwesaba ulaka | 59% | - | - |
| Ubungozi bobugebengu/ukubi ngezakhamuzi eziyi-1000 | 10.6% | - | - |
Ukuhlaziywa kwezitayela kule minyaka emithathu edlule kubonisa ukuthi, cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha, izakhamuzi cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zasemadolobheni e-France zibona ukwanda okumangalisayo kokungavikeleki nobugebengu. I-Nantes, ikakhulukazi, ngeshwa ivelele ngezinga layo eliphezulu lapho 63% abahlali bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwabo ngobugebengu.
Umgwaqo ngamunye, indawo ngayinye ingase ixoxe indaba ehlukile, kodwa ingqikithi evamile icacile: isidingo sesinyathelo esiqinile sokubuyisela ukuthula nokuthula. Njengoba siqhubekela phambili nalolu daba, khumbula ukuthi lezi zinombolo azizona izibalo ezilula, kodwa ziwukubonakaliswa kwempilo yansuku zonke ethintwa usongo olucashile.
Yiliphi idolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance?
Ukungavikeleki eFrance kuyinkinga ekhulayo, ebonakalayo emigwaqweni nasemakhaya, lapho izakhamizi zizibuza ngokukhathazeka: Yiliphi idolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance? Izibalo zango-2022 zinikeza impendulo ekhathazayo: kunjalo Lille, leli dolobha elikhulu elisenyakatho, izinga lobugebengu bayo eliphethe irekhodi lezwe elidabukisayo. Nge 25 ubugebengu kanye namacala eqoshiwe, idolobha libonisa izinga lobugebengu 106,35 ngezakhamuzi eziyi-1, u-10,6%. Lesi sibalo sidlula kude isilinganiso sikazwelonke, sibeka i-Lille phezulu ohlwini lwamadolobha lapho kudingeka ukuqapha kuwo wonke amakhona emigwaqo.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi amanye amadolobha asinde. Ngakho, Nantes ibhekene neqiniso elibuhlungu, futhi inkomba yobugebengu ifinyelela ku-63%. Abantu baseNantes babona ukwanda okumangazayo kobugebengu, njengoba bukhuphuke ngo-89% eminyakeni edlule. Usongo oluqhubekayo lucindezela isimilo sezakhamuzi, ezibona idolobha labo lishintsha libe yindawo yezenzo ezihlukahlukene ezinecala.
Marseille, eMarseilles, akumele kudlulwe. Yaziwa ngomoya wayo ofudumele kanye nechweba layo elingokomlando, ngeshwa izibeka endaweni yesibili kulesi simo esingathandeki. Ngenkomba yobugebengu engama-61%, iMarseille yidolobha lapho ukungavikeleki kucasha khona, yize idumela layo lobungani lingangcoliswanga.
Ngemuva kwalezi zibalo kunezindaba zokuphila, izindawo ezingomakhelwane lapho imindeni, abanikazi bamabhizinisi kanye nezingane zesikole kufanele zifunde ukubhekana naleli qiniso. Inselele iphezulu: ukuthola izixazululo zokubuyisela ukuthula kulezi zindawo zokuhlala. Njengoba siqhubeka nalokhu kuhlola amadolobha, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemva kwazo zonke izibalo, kunezakhamuzi ezifisa ukuphila ngokuthula.
Impi yokulwa nobugebengu iyimpi yansuku zonke ebandakanya bonke ababambiqhaza emphakathini: abomthetho, ubulungiswa, imfundo kanye nezakhamuzi. Kungokunye lapho la madolobha angaba nethemba lokubuyisela ukuthula nokulondeka. Esikhathini esisele salesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinga lamadolobha ayingozi kakhulu e-France, ngaleyo ndlela sinikeze umbono ophelele wesimo sokungavikeleki kuyo yonke indawo.
Izinga lamadolobha ayingozi kakhulu eFrance
Uma singena enkingeni yezibalo zobugebengu e-France, sithola indawo yasemadolobheni lapho ukuthula kuhluka kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye idolobha ukuya kwelinye. Ngemuva kobuso betshe lesikhumbuzo nemigwaqo ephilayo, amanye amadolobha amakhulu afihla uhlangothi olumnyama, oluphawulwa ubugebengu. Mayelana nalokhu, Nice ngeshwa ugqama ngokuthatha isinyathelo sesithathu sesiteji ngezinga lobugebengu obushaqisayo lwe 59%. Leli parele lase-Côte d'Azur, elaziwa nge-carnival yalo kanye ne-Promenade des Anglais, namuhla lisibekelwe ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kwezakhamuzi zakhona.
Inhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, Paris, akumele idliwe futhi ikleliswe endaweni yesine ngezinga lobugebengu 55%. IDolobha Lezibani, eliheha kokubili izigidi zezivakashi kanye nenqwaba yezivakashi unyaka ngamunye, kumele libhekane nezinselelo ezixhumene nokuminyana kwalo nokuduma emhlabeni jikelele. Ngalesi sikhathi, Lille, ngezinga lobugebengu 54%, ibekwe endaweni yesihlanu, ekhombisa impi eqhubekayo yokulwa nodlame osekuyenze idolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance mayelana nodlame.
Izibalo ziyaqhubeka nokudweba isithombe esikhathazayo njengamadolobha afana Montpellier, Grenoble, Rennes, Lyon et Toulouse qedela laba abayi-10 abaphezulu. Lezi zinombolo akuzona nje izinombolo ezibandayo nezingabonakali; bahlanganisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke kwezakhamuzi futhi bagqamisa ukuphuthuma kwezinyathelo ezibambekayo zokunqanda leli gagasi lobugebengu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la manani awanqunywanga nokuthi amadolobha, ahlome ngemithetho yawo kanye nokuqina komphakathi, asebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze ahlehlise lezi zindlela. Idolobha ngalinye linamasu alo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwezakhamizi zalo, kusukela ekugadweni komakhelwane kuya ezinhlelweni zokunqanda ubugebengu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba izinga lidalula izindawo ezimpunga, akufanele lisithe imizamo eyenziwe noma inqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ekulweni nobugebengu.
Lolu hlu lungase luvuse uvalo olufanele, kodwa luhlose ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuqwashisa nokukhuthaza ukuqapha nobumbano. Ngokubheka lezi zibalo, singaziqonda kangcono izinkinga zokuphepha ezibhekene namadolobha ethu, futhi ngokubambisana, sisebenzele ukubuyisela ukuzola emiphakathini yethu.
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Ukuphepha ezindaweni zaseFrance
Uma kuziwa ekuhloleni inqwaba yobugebengu e-France, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba azikhululekile kuleli qiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ngempela, Izindawo zokuhlala e-Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis igqama, ngeshwa, ngezinga layo eliphezulu lobuhlongandlebe. Ngokuphela Amacala ayi-16 aqoshwe ngo-000, le ndawo engaphansi kwedolobha igqamisa izinselele zokuphepha izindawo ezithile eziseduze nedolobha.
Imigwaqo yaseSaint-Denis ikhuluma ngomlando ocebile kodwa futhi ohlukumezayo. Amacala othando, ubuthi kanye nokulungisa amaphuzu kudweba iphethini emnyama emphakathini. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi leli dolobha linganciphisi libe kulezi zibalo ezishaqisayo. Ngemuva kwalezi zinombolo kunezinhlelo zomphakathi nezindaba zokuqina ezifuna ukuhlehlisa lo mkhuba.
I-Paris, ebizwa ngokuthi imali yobugebengu, ayishiywa ngaphandle mayelana nobugebengu. Kude nesithombe sothando esivame ukuhanjiswa, sithwala nesisindo sedumela laso lobugebengu. Ubugebengu bakhona buhlukene futhi bugqamisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezinkinga zokuphepha emadolobheni amakhulu.
Izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha, ezivame ukucwaswa, zigxile ezinhlobonhlobo kanye namandla. Bayinkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi yabantu abasha abafuna ubunikazi kanye nemibono. Izinselelo ziningi, futhi ukuphepha kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zindawo sezizonke ukuze unikeze izimpendulo ezanele mayelana nokuvimbela nokuvikela.
Umsebenzi wesikhathi eside odinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kweziphathimandla zendawo, abomthetho, izinhlangano kanye vele, abahlali ngokwabo. Wonke umuntu unocezu lwendida yokubuyisela ukuthula kulezi zindawo lapho amandla omuntu eyinsiza engenakulinganiswa.
Ngakho-ke ukuphepha ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-French kusalokhu kuyisihloko esibucayi, esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esinama-nuanced, esingakwazi ukuqondwa ngaphandle kokuqonda okujulile kwezingxenye zakhona eziningi.
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Amadolobha aphephe kakhulu eFrance
Ngenkathi ezinye izindawo zaseFrance zilwa nobugebengu, kunesithombe esiduduza kakhulu esivela kwezinye izindawo. Lezi zindawo zokuthula, ngokuvamile ezingaziwa, zihlukaniswa ngezinga lazo eliphansi kakhulu lobuhlongandlebe, elinikeza izakhamuzi ukuphila okunomona. Phezulu ohlwini, i Corsica yembula izindawo zayo ezimangalisayo futhi ibonise a isilinganiso sokuphepha esihlaba umxhwele esingu-4.3 koku-5. Lesi siqhingi sobuhle silandelwa eduze Brittany, lo Normandy futhi Isikhungo-Val de Loire, izifunda lapho umuzwa wokuvikeleka ubonakala, ngasinye sithole amaphuzu angu-3.6.
Le umnyango weDordogne nayo igqamile, ibekwe njengesibonelo sokuzola kwayo. Kodwa umasipala we I-Sèvremoine, eduze neCholet eMaine-et-Loire, ewina umklomelo wedolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance. I-Sèvremoine, enemigwaqo enokuthula nempilo yomphakathi ebumbene, ibonisa kahle ukuthi abaphathi bendawo abakhuthele bangakha kanjani indawo ephephile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Angers, emnyangweni ofanayo, ithole indondo yeqembu idolobha elihle kakhulu ongahlala kulo eFrance ngo-2023. Akumane nje kwaqondana ukuthi lamadolobha, akude nezinxushunxushu zasemadolobheni, azithole enconywa ngendawo yawo yokuhlala ewubukhazikhazi. Zihlanganisa indlela yokuphila lapho ukulondeka nenhlalakahle kuyizinsika zomphakathi onobunye. Lawa madolobha, avame ukusibekela ithonya lamadolobha amakhulu, afanelwe ukugqanyiswa ngokuzibophezela kwawo ekuthuleni komphakathi kanye nokuvikeleka kwezakhamuzi zawo.
Isibonelo salezi zifunda namadolobha avikelekile siwumthombo wogqozi. Bakhombisa ukuthi, noma ngabe ukulwa nobuhlongandlebe kusalokhu kuseqhulwini kuzwelonke, iziqhingi zokuzola zikhona futhi ziyaphumelela ezweni lonke. Lezi zisekelo zokuthula aziwona umphumela wenhlanhla, kodwa umphumela wemizamo ehlangene phakathi kweziphathimandla zendawo, izinsizakalo zamaphoyisa kanye nenani labantu ngokwalo, elibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekulondolozeni indawo ehlala kuyo.
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindawo zokuthula namadolobha anezinkinga zokuphepha ezibucayi uyamangalisa. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphepha akusona isiphetho ngokwako, kodwa kuyindlela evumela wonke umuntu ukuthi achume ngokugcwele edolobheni noma endaweni yangakubo. Ngakho-ke, izindaba zokuqina kanye nokusha kwezokuphepha zasemadolobheni, ezivela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha kanye namadolobha amakhulu, kufanele zigqugquzelwe imodeli yalezi zifunda ezilondoloziwe.
Ukusesha kokuvikeleka kusemhlabeni wonke futhi kweqa imingcele yendawo. Izibonelo zaseCorsica, Brittany, Normandy, namadolobha anjengeSèvremoine ne-Angers, ziwubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi amakhambi akhona nokuthi angasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukuze kuphile bonke abantu.
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Ukwamukela e-France: ikhwalithi eyaziwayo
Uma ukuvimbela ubugebengu kubalulekile, umoya wokungenisa izihambi ubaluleke ngendlela efanayo esithombeni sesizwe. I-France, enezindawo zayo ezihlukahlukene namasiko acebile, nayo ikhanya ngemfudumalo yokwamukelwa kwayo. Ngempela, Kaysersberg, leli jewel elisenkabeni ye-Alsace, liye latuswa ngemfudumalo yalo engenakuqhathaniswa. Ngokusho kwabahambi abavela Ukubhuka, leli dolobha limelela wona kanye ukuzalwa kokungenisa izihambi kwaseFrance, indawo lapho ukumomotheka nomusa kuyinkosi.
Iminyaka emine, i-Alsace ibuse kakhulu ezikhundleni zokungenisa izihambi, yehlisa ezinye izifunda ezaziwayo ngobungane bazo. Lokhu kuqashelwa kuwumphumela wokusebenza ngokuzikhandla kanye nesifiso esihlangene sokugqamisa amasiko okwamukela nokwabelana abonisa lesi sifunda. THE Hauts-de-France futhi Bourgogne-Franche-Comté azikho kude, okufakazela ukwehlukahlukana kwesifunda lapho ikona ngalinye laseFrance linesandla kulo muzwa wokwamukela ngemfudumalo.
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Booking.com, iFrance ibekwe endaweni yesithathu ngokwamukelwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva nje kwe-Italy neSpain. Izinga eligqamisa ukubaluleka kokungenisa izihambi kumuzwa wokuvakasha wonkana.
Umehluko onikezwe i-Kaysersberg kanye nalezi zifunda ungaphezu nje kwesikhundla; libonisa iqiniso elitholwa izivakashi nsuku zonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwamukelwa endaweni yasemaphandleni, iseluleko esinikezwa umuntu odlulayo noma imfudumalo yemakethe yendawo, ukungenisa izihambi kwaseFrance kuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngobuqotho nokuphana.
Nokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwamukela kuyahlukahluka kuye ngensimu. Ubungane be-Alsatian, ukucabangela kwezakhamuzi zase-Hauts-de-France noma ukupha kwe-Burgundian, isifunda ngasinye siluka iwebhu yaso yokungenisa izihambi. Le mosaic yamasiko yenza i-France ibe indawo yokuzikhethela kulabo abafuna ukuzwa ukunotha kwabantu ngale kwezindawo nezikhumbuzo.
Ukufuna idolobha eliyingozi kakhulu e-France kungase kubonakale kumnyama, kodwa ukukhanya kuvame ukuvela kulokhu kusebenzisana kwabantu, lokhu kumomotheka kanye nalokhu kuthintwa okuncane okunezinhliziyo ezifudumele. Ukwamukela eFrance akuwona nje umbuzo wenhlonipho, kuyifilosofi yempilo edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi eqhubeka nokumangaza umhlaba.
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Ukushisa nobugebengu
Ukulwa namazinga okushisa aphezulu kuyimpi engapheli ezindaweni ezithile zaseFrance. Toulon igqame njengeshashalazi yale mpi yezulu, ephethe isihloko se- idolobha elishisa kakhulu eFrance ngesilinganiso sokushisa esisondele ku-16,5°C. Lesi simo sezulu saseMedithera, esivame ukwenziwa kahle, nokho sifihla izingqinamba ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ngokwezempilo yomphakathi.
EParis, isimo siyaxaka. Yize inhloko-dolobha ingeyona eshisa kakhulu ngokwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, yaqokwa ocwaningweni lwakamuva, ngoMashi 2023, njengedolobha lapho ingozi yokushisa iqothuka khona. Amagagasi okushisa, abonakala eshuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abeka iParis esicongweni samadolobha aseFrance ingozi yokufa okuhlobene nokushisa. Lesi simo sichazwa ikakhulukazi izinga eliphezulu lokuhlala emadolobheni kanye nomphumela wesiqhingi sokushisa esingakhulisa izinga lokushisa elizwakalayo.
I-heatwave yango-2003 isalokhu ikhunjulwa njengesikhumbuzo esibuhlungu semiphumela engaba khona yamagagasi okushisa anjalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazinga okushisa ayesedlule izindinganiso zenkathi ethile yonyaka, eshintsha imigwaqo yedolobha enetshe eliwugwadule yaba ama-radiator avulekile. Ngomehluko ofinyelela ku-10°C phakathi kweParis nezindawo zayo zasemaphandleni ezizungezile, umthelela kubantu ube mkhulu, okugqamisa ukuphuthuma kokuzivumelanisa nezimo nezisombululo zokuvimbela izinhlekelele ezinjalo.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa kokushisa nobugebengu kungase kubonakale kukude, kodwa kuyingxenye yeqiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi yasemadolobheni. Impela, uma i-Paris yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo nokukhanga, kuphinde kube yinkundla yezinselelo eziningi zokuphepha. Ukuminyana kwamadolobha kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi kungabhebhethekisa ukungezwani phakathi nezikhathi zokushisa okuphezulu, lapho ukuminyana nokungakhululeki kusezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo efanele mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nengqalasizinda okufanele yenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nezinga lempilo yezakhamuzi, kuzo zonke izimo.
Izixazululo zibandakanya inhlanganisela yentuthuko yasemadolobheni, njengokwakhiwa kwezikhala eziluhlaza ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nezinhlelo zomphakathi zokuqinisa ukubumbana komphakathi, ngisho naphakathi kwamagagasi okushisa. I-France, kanye ne-Paris ikakhulukazi, ngakho-ke, bazithola sebesenhliziyweni yokucabanga komhlaba wonke mayelana nendlela yokuvumelanisa inhlalakahle yezakhamizi nezingozi zezulu, inkulumo-mpikiswano ehambisana ngokuphelele nenkathi lapho ukuphepha nokwamukela sekuphenduke izingqinamba ezinkulu ekuhehekeni kwamadolobha. .
Njengoba sibhekene nalezi zinselele, kubalulekile ukwakha ukuxhumana phakathi kwendlela yokuphila emnene, isici sokwamukela ama-French, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuvimbela nokungenelela emadolobheni. Ubuciko bokuphila baseFrance, kanye nokungenisa izihambi okudumile, kuzodingeka ukuthi uvumelane nezinselele zesimanje ukuze uqhubeke nokugqama endaweni yamazwe ngamazwe.
ILille yidolobha eliyingozi kakhulu eFrance mayelana nodlame lwango-2022.
Kwaqoshwa ubugebengu nezigigaba ezingama-25 e-Lille ngo-124, okuyenza ibe idolobha elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu lobugebengu nokungaziphathi kahle eFrance.
Izinga lobugebengu eLille lingu-106,35 kubantu abayi-1000, noma u-10,6%.
