UViktoria C.
Udinga ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuchitha isenti? Usendaweni efanele! Ubani ongakaze aphuphe ngokucwila ebhukwini elihle ngaphandle kokuvula isikhwama sakhe semali? Ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa, ukusesha kokufundwa kwamahhala kwaqina. Ngenhlanhla, ngithole izinkundla ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola izincwadi zedijithali zamahhala. Akusekho ubunzima ekutholeni ukufundwa okuthengekayo, landela umhlahlandlela ukuze uthole amagugu ombhalo ngaphandle kokuphula ibhange.
Ngokufigqiwe :
- I-Gallica.titre, Wikisource, Numilog.com, Project Gutenberg, Europeana, namanye amasayithi anikezela ngezincwadi zamahhala ngesi-French.
- Imitapo yolwazi eku-inthanethi, efana ne-Cultura, i-Amazon, i-Livre pour tous, i-Feedbooks, i-Gallica, ne-Pitbook, inikezela ngokukhethwa kwama-ebooks amahhala ongawalanda.
- I-Google Play Books ivumela amafayela e-PDF nawe-ePub ukuthi afundeke kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene, ngezilungiselelo zokubonisa ezenzeka ngendlela oyifisayo.
- Amasayithi afana ne-Open Library, i-Project Gutenberg, i-Kobo ka-Fnac, kanye ne-PDF Books World inikeza ikhono lokulanda izincwadi ze-PDF mahhala.
- Isayithi le-Livrespourtous iyinkundla yokulanda ezimele enesitoko esingcono kakhulu yama-ebook amahhala, enemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-6000 ngesi-French.
- Kunamasayithi amaningana amahhala lapho ungathola khona izincwadi zesiFulentshi, njenge-Project Gutenberg, enikeza izihloko ezihlukahlukene.
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
Isingeniso Sezingxenyekazi Zamahhala Zezincwadi Zedijithali
Ukufundwa kwedijithali kube nokukhula okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokuvalelwa lapho amaFulentshi aphenduka kakhulu ukuze alande izinkundla ukuze anelise ukoma kwawo ukufunda. Uma ungumnikazi we-e-reader noma uhlela ukufunda kuthebulethi yakho, ikhompuyutha, noma i-smartphone, cishe uyazibuza ukuthi ungawatholaphi ama-ebooks mahhala. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amasayithi ambalwa anikezela ngama-ebooks mahhala ngenkathi ehlonipha imithetho ye-copyright.
Ezinye zalezi zingosi zinikeza izincwadi ezisezindaweni zomphakathi kuyilapho ezinye zinikeza imisebenzi yesimanje ngemvume evela kubabhali. Lesi sihloko sizokuqondisa ngezinkundla ezine ezinkulu lapho ungalanda khona izincwadi zedijithali ngokusemthethweni futhi mahhala.
1. I-Project Gutenberg: Iphayona Lezinsiza Zokufunda Zamahhala
Le Iphrojekthi kaGutenberg ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu zokulanda ama-e-books mahhala. Yasungulwa nguMichael Hart ngo-1971, ingumtapo wolwazi wedijithali wakudala. Isayithi linikezela ngama-e-books amahhala angaphezu kuka-60,000, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yakudala esizindeni somphakathi. Abasebenzisi bangadawuniloda amabhuku ngamafomethi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-ePub, i-Kindle, i-HTML, nombhalo ongenalutho, njengokuvumelana kwabo.
I-Project Gutenberg ixhaswa ngeminikelo, kodwa ayikhokhisi imali yokudawuniloda izincwadi. Abasebenzisi be-inthanethi, nokho, bayamenywa ukuthi banikele ngesizotha uma bekwazi, noma basize ngokwenza izincwadi ezintsha zibe yidijithali. Kulabo abafuna okwakudala kwemibhalo, lokhu ngokungangabazeki kungenye yezinsiza ezihamba phambili ku-inthanethi.
Vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeProjekthi Gutenberg: www.gutenberg.org
2. Gallica: French Cultural Wealth Ukuchofoza nje
Gallica ingumtapo wolwazi wedijithali we-Bibliothèque nationale de France futhi ungomunye wamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu wokwenza izincwadi e-Europe. Inikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kumadokhumenti angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4, kuhlanganise nezincwadi ezicishe zibe ngu-700,000. Abasebenzisi bangahlola anhlobonhlobo amadokhumenti, okuhlanganisa izincwadi, amaphephandaba, omagazini, imibhalo yesandla kanye nemisindo eqoshiwe.
Amabhuku atholakala ku-Gallica ahlanganisa insada yezikhathi nezinhlobo, futhi eziningi zitholakala ku-ePub, elungele ngokukhethekile abafundi be-imeyili nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokufunda ezizinikele. Ukusesha okuthuthukisiwe kukuvumela ukuthi uhlunge amabhuku atholakala kumodi yokufinyelela evulekile, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukufinyelela emisebenzini yamahhala.
Ukuze uthole amagugu e-Gallica, vakashela: gallica.bnf.fr
3. Ama-Ebooks amahhala kanye ne-Atramenta: Izindlela Ezimbili Ezihambisanayo
Ama-eBooks wamahhala kungenye insiza eyigugu kubafundi abafuna izincwadi zedijithali ezingabizi lutho. Isayithi ligxile kakhulu emisebenzini yakudala yokukhuluma isiFulentshi futhi linikeza amafomethi afanele amadivayisi okufunda ahlukahlukene, njenge-ePub ne-PDF. Ngokungeziwe kulokhu, umphakathi wama-Ebooks wamahhala unikela njalo ekucebiseni iqoqo ngokunikeza ukuhumusha okusha noma izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe zezakudala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Atramenta akunikezi kuphela okwakudala kwesizinda somphakathi kodwa futhi kusebenza ngababhali abasha abakhetha ukwabelana ngokubhala kwabo mahhala. I-Atramenta ilungele labo abafuna ukuthola ababhali besimanje ngenkathi behlola ezakudala zemibhalo. Amafomethi atholakalayo afaka i-ePub, PDF, kanye nezinguqulo zomsindo zezinye izincwadi.
Ukuze uhlole ama-Ebooks Amahhala, vakashela: www.ebooksgratuits.com
Ukuze uthole imisebenzi ku-Atramenta, yiya ku: www.atramenta.net
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ungumlandeli wezincwadi zakudala noma umhloli wokubhala okusha, i-inthanethi igcwele izinsiza ezikuvumela ukuthi udawunilode izincwadi zedijithali ngokusemthethweni futhi mahhala. Lezi zinkundla zimbalwa kweziningi ezitholakalayo, ngayinye inikezela ngendawo yokungena eyingqayizivele emhlabeni ongapheli wezincwadi. Ngakho-ke, ungangabazi ukungena kulo mcebo wombhalo ofinyeleleka kalula.
I-Project Gutenberg futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezincwadi ezinikelayo?
I-Project Gutenberg ingeminye yemitapo yolwazi yedijithali emidala kakhulu enikezela ngama-e-books amahhala angaphezu kuka-60, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yakudala esizindeni somphakathi. Abasebenzisi bangalanda izincwadi ngamafomethi ahlukene njenge-ePub, i-Kindle, i-HTML kanye nombhalo ongenalutho.
Yiziphi ezinye izinkundla ezinconyiwe zokulanda ama-e-books mahhala?
Ngaphandle kwe-Project Gutenberg, ezinye izinkundla ezinconyiwe zokulanda ama-ebooks mahhala ama-Ebooks amahhala, i-Gallica ne-Atramenta. Lezi zingosi zinikeza izincwadi ezisezindaweni zomphakathi noma imisebenzi yesimanje ngemvume yababhali.
Ingabe zikhona izincomo zokufunda kulezi zinkundla?
Yebo, abasebenzisi bangaqondiswa izinga lezihloko ezilandwe kakhulu noma ukukhishwa kwakamuva. Ukwengeza, abathandi be-audiobook bangathola izincwadi ezifundwa abantu noma imishini.
