😍 2022-06-29 01:17:34 - Paris/France.
Kwiinyanga ezininzi, ingxelo yokuphuka kwenqanawa ifikelela kuthi, kwiindaba ezahlukeneyo: INetflix ilahlekelwe ngababhalisi abangama-200 ekuqaleni konyaka - owokuqala kwizigidi ezibini zoqikelelo lweenyanga ezilandelayo - kwaye yabeka indawo elungileyo Iintatheli kunye nabapapashi bavelisa umxholo ophawulwe kwi-portal yakho ITudum, esifunde ngayo ngokuhlanjululwa. Kungekudala emva koko kwaziwa ukuba, ukongeza, ukuveliswa kweeprojekthi ngendlela iIrish (2019), nguMartin Scorsese, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elifana nokucinywa kothotho olungavelisi abaphulaphuli abafanelekileyo kwisizini yokuqala. Umququ owaphula umqolo wenkamela kuxa inkampani ibhengeza inkqubo yokhuphiswano esekelwe umdlalo weskwidi (2021), apho ophumeleleyo uya kufumana ibhaso lezigidi ezine ezinesiqingatha zeerandi, inyanga nje emva kokuba amahemuhemu aqala ngeqhinga elibi: ekupheleni kwe-2022, ukusasazwa kwabo kuya kubandakanya iintengiso. Ngalo lonke ixesha iphambili, kwenye yezo Netflix yenza umabonwakude ovulekileyo.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ndathatha inxaxheba ekuthelekiseni i-naïve ye-Netflix kunye ne-Amazon kunye neenkampani zokuvelisa ezifana ne-BBS, eyakhokelela kwi-Hollywood ebizwa ngokuba yiNew Hollywood ekupheleni kweminyaka ye-1960. Eli gama lisetyenziswa namhlanje ukubhekisela kwiqela labenzi befilimu be-studio abalawuli abaqolileyo abafana noStanley Kubrick, uRobert Altman kunye noSam Peckinpah kubafundi abancinci befilimi abaphumelele kwisikolo sefilimu njengoMartin Scorsese, uSteven Spielberg, uFrancis Coppola noGeorge Lucas. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, uthelekiso lwalubangelwa yinkohliso yokuba yosasazo yayiza kusindisa ii-blockbusters ze-auteur - i-Amazon ivelise iifilimu nguSpike Lee, uJames Grey, uPark Chan-wook noJim Jarmusch; I-Netflix, nguBong Joon-ho, uNowa Baumbach, abazalwana bakaCoen kunye ne-Scorsese - namhlanje ngokubhekiselele kwithuba kunye ne-debacle yangoko yomzekelo ozalelwe ukukholisa indlela yokusetyenziswa kwaye eyaphela ngokukhawuleza ngesizathu sokufuna inzuzo ngakumbi. .
Ukuba abavelisi beHollywood abaNtsha - amanani afana nomlawuli uBob Rafelson okanye, kakhulu uCoppola uphoxekile, uBob Evans - uqale wathatha umngcipheko wokubheja kwiifilimu ezifana rosemary umntwana (1968) okanye i-psychedelic Ndifuna ikamva lam (1969), bekuya kuba yi-naïve ukucinga ukuba ezi ziziphumo zokuzinikezela kwe-cinephile kwaye kungekhona ukufumanisa umthengi omtsha weefilimu ezithonywe yi-counterculture. Ukukhangela inzuzo ephezulu, kwii-studio ze-1980s zazijongela phantsi ezi ntlobo zeeprojekthi kuba zazizama ukuphindaphinda impumelelo engaqhelekanga yeofisi yebhokisi. Imfazwe yomnyele (1977). Kuthathe kuphela iNetflix kunye neAmazon iminyaka emihlanu ukuba yondleke ngecinema enesibindi kuba ayizange ivelise inani lamabhaso abafuna ukuwadibanisa, singasathethi ke ngokulinganisa kweefilimu ezinokumkani wangoku wokudubula, uRyan Reynolds.
Inkxaso ye yosasazo ayizange iphele: ngokuchaseneyo, ayizange iqale kuba iNetflix ayisiyo i-aristocrat enepenchant yezobugcisa, kodwa yinkampani yaseMelika elawulwa yinzuzo. Kufuneka ujonge kuphela ukuba ngubani owavelisa iifilimu ukuze azi ukuba injongo yakhe yayingekokuxhasa ikamva le-cinema, kodwa ukwenza uninzi lwalo lwangoku lwangoku. Nangona wathenga iifilimu ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wobuhle, njenge eAtlantiki (2019), ovela kumlawuli wase-Franco-Senegalese uMati Diop, iNetflix ayizange yenze nayiphi na imveliso yantlandlolo yokusikwa - ifika engqondweni kuphela. Ndicinga ukuphelisa izinto (2020), nguCharlie Kaufman-, kwaye ngaphantsi ngabenzi befilimu amagama abo ayengasaphethe iwonga kunye nabantu abathandwayo. Injongo yakhe yayingamabhaso amakhulu aseMelika kunye nokufuduswa kwezitudiyo zakudala zaseHollywood, njengoko kungqinwa liphulo lezigidi ezingamashumi amabini zeedola ukufumana iOscar kaAlfonso Cuarón kunye eRoma (2018). Nangona iNetflix iphumelele amabhaso ngelo xesha, ezinye iifilimu ezikhuphisanayo zawa mfutshane. Ngeli xesha, kwisekethe yomnyhadala, inkcaso evela kubabonisi baseFransi kubukho bayo kuMnyhadala weFilimu weCannes ibonakala iqinisekisa uphawu lokuyeka ifilimu ngokupheleleyo ukuze lugxile kumxholo kuphela.
Mhlawumbi kungenxa yoko le nto kunzima kunangaphambili ukufumana iimuvi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970 - kuguqulelo lwaseMexico lweqonga, ubuncinci - kwaye kutheni kungenakwenzeka ukubona isihloko esinye ngaphambi kweshumi leminyaka. : kwiNetflix, icinema ayinambali ngaphambili. i-neoliberal boom, kodwa isipho esizihlaziya ngokwaso kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ezingenakubalwa. Umbukeli ofanelekileyo weqonga ucinga ukuba ulwimi lwefilim lwaqanjwa ngeminyaka yoo-1990 – nangona ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kwakukho oovulindlela abafana noRobert Zemeckis noLawrence Kasdan – kwaye elona xesha lilungileyo ngoku; Yiyo loo nto bekukho intaphane yemiboniso bhanyabhanya yaseMelika ekhutshwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, uninzi lwayo olufikelelekayo lolonwabo oludambisa ukudinwa kuluntu oluxakeke kakhulu yimveliso kunye nokungakhathali ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo. I-Netflix kwaye ipholilenjengoko besitsho.
Konke oku ngasentla kuchaza nokungabalulekanga - kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingozi - yokungena kweNetflix kwimveliso yochungechunge lwasekhaya kunye neefilimu. Ekuqaleni, ngelixa inkampani isabonisa isicwangciso sayo ngokusekwe kumgangatho, ababukeli kunye neentatheli bacinga ukuba inokuphinda ivelise ukuzonwabisa kwaseMexico ngokwayo, ivalelwe kumbono woburharha obubekwe amashumi eminyaka yiTelevisa, elinganisa iityhubhu zangaphandle okanye uyilo uRoberto Gómez Bolaños. njengoBuster Keaton wethu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-cinema yethu yorhwebo iye yazinikela ekulinganiseni imiba ethile ye-American romantic comedy ngelixa isebenzisa iziqhulo zokuthandana kwabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabanye abantu abathandana nabo. Kodwa iNetflix ayizange itshintshe nantoni na, ngokuchaseneyo, inike amandla angakumbi kwimveliso ephezulu ngenxa yokuba abazange bazinikele ekufumaneni italente entsha okanye umxholo wokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa kunokuba baqeshe iinkampani kunye nabalinganiswa, endaweni yokuthengisa iiprojekthi zabo ukuvula umabonwakude, baqala ukubanikela kuluntu lwe yosasazo. Oku kwaba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Eyokuqala kwezi kukugunyaziswa kwazo zonke iindlela zokuvelisa esele zikhona, ezibonakalayo kuthotho ezifana umnqweno omnyama (2020-2022), exhaphaza imizimba yabalinganiswa bayo ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na isepha opera, okanye Zintle (2021), efikelela ekugqibeleni kwinto uJacques Rivette abize ngayo kwisincoko esibalulekileyo esithi "abjection". Kumenzi wefilimu waseFransi kunye nomgxeki, a ukuhambahamba into ebangela ukufa kapo (1959), ifilimu engokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo nguGillo Pontecorvo, yimbonakaliso yebhanyabhanya yokuziphatha okubi. Zintleelibalisa ibali lokwenyani lendlela ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi okutshabalalisa ngayo isixeko esikumantla eMexico, akunyamezeleki kuphela ngenxa yendlela engafanelekanga ejonga ngayo izidumbu, kunye nezixhobo ze-cinema eyoyikisayo: ukulingisa kwakhe iifilimu zesenzo ngokubonisa umlilo kunye neziqhushumbisi. ongenakuxolelwa.
Enye impembelelo kwishishini lethu yabhalwa nguViridiana Ríos kwikholamu ye Isigidi apho ebonisa ukunyamezela kweNetflix kwizenzo ezigwenxa zabasebenzi beenkampani zemveliso zaseMexico eziqeshiweyo. Nangona inkampani yosasazo Akanalo uxanduva oluthe ngqo, kodwa unokumisela iimeko zokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi okubangele ukufa kwabantu ababini okuchazwa nguRíos ekuqaleni kwesicatshulwa sakhe. Kwakhona, i-Netflix yeza ukudibanisa amandla e-elites esele ikhona, ukonakalisa abaphulaphuli kunye nabasebenzi bemifanekiso. Zeziphi izizathu eziseleyo kuthi ngoko ukugcina umrhumo kwi-malaise?
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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