✔️ 2022-09-01 07:13:59 - Paris/France.
Eli nqaku liyinxalenye yophando lwe-EFF kubathengisi bedatha yendawo kunye neNzululwazi yeNkungu. Qiniseka ukuba ujonge yethu iphepha lokukhutshwa kwabathengisi bedatha yendawo.
EChino, eKhalifoniya, amapolisa asebenzisa inkonzo ye-Geolocation yeFog Data Science ukwenza utshayela olukhulu ebonisa ukuba ngubani owayekufutshane nemiboniso yobusela obuncinci kunye nokuqhekezwa. Kuphando lokubulala emaphandleni eMissouri, inkonzo kaFog yayisetyenziselwa ukulandelela umntu ongazange abe ngumrhanelwa. EGreensboro, eNorth Carolina, umphathi wohlalutyo lolwaphulo-mthetho uphakamise iiflegi ezibomvu malunga nomgaqo-siseko kwaye kamva warhoxa emva kokuba izilumkiso zakhe zingahoywa. Kwaye kuzo zonke ezi ndawo kunye nokunye okuninzi, amapolisa awazange abonakale ebeka nayiphi na imigaqo malunga nokuba nini kwaye njani lo mnatha mkhulu wokurhuqa kufuneka okanye ungasetyenziswanga.
I-EFF ifake izicelo zeerekhodi zoluntu ezingaphezu kwekhulu kwii-arhente zogcino-mthetho kwilizwe liphela. Siye safumanisa ukuba ubuncinane ii-arhente ezili-100 zazidlulileyo okanye zangoku ubudlelwane bekhontrakthi kunye neFog. Ezinye ii-arhente zifumene ulingo lwasimahla lwenkonzo yeFog. Uphando lwethu belucokisekile, kodwa lungaphelelanga; kusenokwenzeka ukuba ezinye ii-arhente ezininzi ngoku zisebenzisa iinkonzo zeFog.
Kwinqaku lethu lokuqala kwiNzululwazi yeNzululwazi, sichaze indlela inkonzo yeFog's Reveal esebenza ngayo, apho idatha yayo ivela khona, kwaye kutheni iyingozi kangaka. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iirekhodi ezifunyenwe yi-EFF ukuqonda ngcono ukuba isetyenziswa njani inkonzo yeNzululwazi yeNzululwazi. Siza kuphonononga nzulu kwimiba yezomthetho edlalwayo kwaye sixoxe ngendlela abenzi bomthetho kunye nabaphuhlisi beqonga abanokuyimisa imodeli yeshishini likaFog kube kanye.
Zeziphi ii-arhente ezisebenzisa inkungu?
Iirekhodi ezifunyenwe yi-EFF zibonisa ubudlelwane bekhontrakthi obudlulileyo okanye obukhoyo kunye nobuncinci be-18 basekhaya, urhulumente kunye nabaxhasi bomthetho, kunye nezinye ii-arhente eziye zamkela iimvavanyo zamahhala zenkonzo ye-Fog. Amanqaku avela kwintlanganiso ye-arhente kunye ne-Fog abonisa ukuba inkampani isebenza kunye nee-arhente ze-"50-60" kwilizwe lonke.
Ukuthotyelwa komthetho kwinqanaba likarhulumente yeyona nto iphambili kubathengi beFog. Amapolisa elizwe eMaryland, eIndiana naseNew Jersey, ajikeleza kuhola wendlela eCalifornia naseMissouri kunye neTennessee Bureau of Investigation bonke babenezivumelwano neFog ezithatha unyaka omnye.
Ezinye zezona arhente zikhulu zesizwe ziye zasebenza kunye neNkungu, kubandakanya i-NYPD, iSebe lamaPolisa aseHouston kunye neOfisi yeBroward County Sheriff. Kodwa uFog wathengisa ngeenkonzo zakhe kwiiarhente ezincinci, njengamapolisa aseLawrence, eKansas (abemi abangama-97) kunye neWashington County, OH sheriff (abemi abangama-000).
Agence |
wombuso |
Ukuqala kwelayisensi |
Ukuphela kwelayisensi (est.) |
California Highway Patrol |
Californie |
1/2019 |
1/2021 |
iSebe lamaPolisa aseChino |
Californie |
9/2020 |
9/2021 |
IGqwetha leSithili sase-El Dorado kwiNqila |
Californie |
8/2021 |
impahla |
iSebe lamaPolisa aseFremont |
Californie |
7/2019 |
12/2021 |
Iziko leNgcaciso yeNqila yeOrenji kunye noHlahlelo (OCIAC) |
Californie |
6/2020 |
5/2021 |
Iziko loLwazi kunye noHlalutyo lwaseDelaware (DIAC) |
DE |
ayaziwa |
ayaziwa |
I-Ofisi ye-Broward County Sheriff |
Floride |
6/2019 |
6/2020 |
ICandelo lobuNhloli base-Iowa kunye neZiko leFusion |
IA |
11/2020 |
impahla |
Amapolisa ase-Indiana State |
IN |
4/2018 |
6/2021 |
iSebe lamaPolisa kaLaurent |
KS |
4/2019 |
5/2019 |
Amapolisa aseMaryland State |
EMARIYA |
4/2018 |
4/2019 |
Missouri State Highway Patrol |
UNks |
8/2018 |
8/2020 |
iSebe lamaPolisa aseGreensboro |
NC |
2/2020 |
ayaziwa |
Rockingham County Sheriff |
NC |
5/2021 |
ayaziwa |
Amapolisa aseNew Jersey State |
ijezi New |
ayaziwa |
ayaziwa |
Isebe lamaPolisa aseNew York |
Inew york |
8/2018 |
ayaziwa |
Washington County Sheriff |
OH |
6/2021 |
ayaziwa |
Tennessee Bureau yoPhando |
TN |
4/2018 |
impahla |
iSebe lamaPolisa eHouston |
TX |
5/2020 |
4/2021 |
IiMarshals zase-US |
KaZwelonke |
9/2018 |
9/2020 |
Itheyibhile ivela kulo gqirha: Blulisa abathengi abaziwayo
Amagosa enkungu axelele umthetho ukuba umxhasi wayo wokuqala liSebe leDelaware leZiko loLwazi loKhuseleko loLuntu kunye noHlalutyo (DIAC). I-DIAC liziko elidityanisiweyo, iqumrhu elichongwe liSebe laseMelika loKhuseleko lweLizwe (DHS) ukuba lisebenze njengeziko lokuqokelela ulwazi kunye neziko lokwabelana ngokunyanzeliswa komthetho wasekhaya, welizwe, wesizwe, kunye nowomanyano. Amaziko e-Fusion e-Iowa naseMazantsi eCalifornia nawo asebenza neFog.
Amaziko e-Fusion lisebe lendawo ebizwa ngokuba luluntu lwezobuntlola. Uninzi lweenjongo zabo ezichaziweyo kukuphelisa imiqobo phakathi kwee-arhente zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo eziqokelela kunye nokugcina ulwazi lwezobuntlola, kubandakanywa ukuququzelela ukwabelana ngedatha phakathi konyanzeliso lomthetho wasekhaya kunye nee-arhente zobuntlola. Amaziko eFusion anabasebenzi bamapolisa asekuhlaleni, amasekela kasherifu nabanye abasebenzi bakarhulumente wasekhaya, kwakunye nabasebenzi beDHS; kunjalo, amaziko fusion hayi amaqumrhu federal. Amaziko e-Fusion akwasebenza njengendawo yokusebenzela "iingxelo zomsebenzi ezikrokrisayo," okanye ii-SARs, ezinokuthi zifake abantu kuphando lonyanzeliso lomthetho ngokusekelwe kubungqina obungafikeleli kwinqanaba lesizathu esinokubakho okanye ukurhanelwa okufanelekileyo.
Inkungu iphinde yasebenza kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Kwi-2018, i-Fog isayine i-120-year, i-contract ye-000 yeedola kunye ne-US Marshals, icandelo leSebe lezoBulungisa. Ukongeza, igosa loPhando loKhuseleko lweLizwe lanikezela "Amaqhinga oPhando lokuRhweba ngabantu" kunyanzeliso lomthetho wasekhaya, kuquka izilayidi ezininzi ezikhankanya inkungu.
Indawo yentengiso yenkungu
Ekupheleni kuka-Matshi ka-2020, uMark Massop wayezama ukuvala isivumelwano sokuthengisa i-Fog Reveal kwi-Orange County Intelligence Assessment Centre (OCIAC), iziko lokudibanisa eliqhutywa ngabasebenzi beSebe le-Orange County Sheriff. Njengoko i-COVID-19 yayitshayela ilizwe, inkungu yabona ithuba. IsiXeko saseNew York sabona amazinga aphezulu osulelo kwiiveki zokuqala zobhubhani, kwaye oko kwenza iinkokeli zamazwe angabamelwane zanexhala malunga nabahlali baseNew York abahamba besasaza le ntsholongwane. Irhuluneli yaseRhode Island isandula ukwenza isindululo sokuvalwa kwabo bonke abahambi abasuka eNew York. Inkungu idibanise idemo yeOrange County ebonisa indlela idatha yayo enokusetyenziswa ngayo ukunceda ukunyanzelisa ukuvalwa okunjalo.
Inkungu iqhube umbuzo kwidathasethi yakhe, ikhangela nabani na ohambe phakathi kwePort Chester, NY kunye neNewport, RI phakathi kwe-5 kaMatshi kunye ne-22. Ufumene izixhobo ezingama-52. Inkungu iye yacutheka kwesinye sezi zixhobo kwaye yaqhuba uhlalutyo “lwendlela yobomi” kuso, ibuza yonke i-ping yeGPS enxulumene neso sixhobo kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ezidlulileyo. Ifumene iipings ezingaphezu kwama-24, okanye ngaphezulu kwama-000 ngosuku, ibeka isixhobo eRhode Island, eMassachusetts, eNew York naseConnecticut. Ubonise indlela isixhobo esenza ngayo iihambo ezininzi ukunqumla iNew England, simisa kwindawo yedolophu yaseNew York nakufuphi neRochester ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kwaye yatyhila ikhaya lomnini wesixhobo kufutshane neProvidence kunye neendawo ezininzi ezabelwana ngazo ezikufutshane.
Iziphumo zalo mbuzo bezingaphezu kokwaneleyo ukuchonga umnini wesixhobo, okanye ubuncinci idilesi yasekhaya. Umntu ochongwe ngolu lwazi wayengazange abe ngumxholo walo naluphi na urhano ngaphambili. Akukho samanisi okanye iziqinisekiso eziye zakhutshwa ngabanyanzeliso bomthetho abafuna iinkcukacha zabo. Babengarhanelwa nokophula nayiphi na imithetho, kuba ukuvalwa kohambo lwaseRhode Island kwakusacingelwa. Kodwa ngokucofa nje okumbalwa, umqeshwa weNkungu ukwazile ukufikelela kwiakhawunti egcweleyo neneenkcukacha zobomi bakhe kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo.
Olu ngenelelo lungena kubomi babucala bomntu ongamaziyo lwenziwa ngokuthandabuza, ngokucacileyo kumzamo wokubonisa amandla eFog kumntu onokubakho wonyanzeliso lomthetho. Umboniso ubonise indlela, ngomrhumo omncinci, le panopticon esekwe kwiwebhu inokufikelela kuye nabani na okwiSebe likaSherifu weOrange County kunye neZiko leFusion elidibeneyo.
Eli yayingeloxesha kuphela iqela leFog lasebenzisa idatha yalo ukulandelela abantu njengenxalenye yomboniso. Kwintetho ekwabelwana ngayo noChino, eCalifornia - isixeko esinabantu abamalunga nama-90 eSan Bernardino County - Inkungu ichaze kwaye yafunda "umzekelo" ngokweenkcukacha. Eli tyala lalibandakanya ukubulawa kwentsapho yabantu abane kumantla eNew York. Akubonakali ukuba inkungu ibibandakanyeka kuphando lwangempela; Endaweni yoko, abahlalutyi beNkungu basebenzise idatha yabo ukulinganisa uphando olusekwe kwiinkcukacha zetyala elalisesidlangalaleni.
Okokuqala, i-Fog isebenzise "ukukhangela kwendawo" ukuchonga zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo kufuphi nendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngexesha lefestile ye-15. Oku kwachonga izixhobo ezithathu ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko umhlalutyi waqhuba "ukukhangela isixhobo" kuzo zonke iintsuku ezingama-90 zangaphambili, etyhila imikhwa yemihla ngemihla yabanini besixhobo. Omnye umnini wesixhobo wayezimisele ukuba ngummelwane yaye omnye wayezimisele ukuba lixhoba elinokwenzeka. Isixhobo sesithathu sabonwa amawaka aliqela amaxesha, sivumela umhlalutyi ukuba achonge indawo enokubakho yokuhlala (kwenye indawo esixekweni) kunye neendawo ezininzi zokundwendwela ezingaphandle kwelizwe. Umnini wayo wachongwa kwindawo yokuthengisa njengomrhanelwa okanye ingqina elinokubakho. Uhlalutyo lwayeka apho kwaye umbonisi wacebisa amanyathelo alandelayo kuphando olucingelwayo.
Kule miboniso, inkungu ilandele abantu bokwenyani isebenzisa ukufikelela kwayo kwiitriliyoni zamanqaku edatha yabucala ukubonisa abathengi abanokuthi bangenza ntoni inkonzo yabo. Ngelixa le mizekelo yakhethwa yi-Fog ukuze iziveze kunyanzeliso lomthetho ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokukhanya, ikwabonisa ngokuchanekileyo iimpembelelo zayo zabucala ezoyikisayo.
Ithiyori ngokuchasene nokusebenza
I-EFF ithumele izicelo zeerekhodi kwii-arhente zaseburhulumenteni nezengingqi ezicela zonke ii-imeyile kunye nezinamathiselo ezikhankanya iNzululwazi yeNzululwazi, kunye nazo zonke iirekhodi ezithunyelwe okanye ezivela kubasebenzi beFog. Uninzi lwamazwe luvumela amapolisa ukuba ahlengahlengise iirekhodi malunga nophando oluqhubekayo, ke ngoko asinayo ingxelo epheleleyo malunga nendlela iFog Reveal esetyenziswe ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, iirekhodi zichaza iimeko ezininzi apho imveliso yeFog yayisetyenziselwa ukuphanda abantu bokwenyani.
Ezinye iintsingiselo ziyavela. Okokuqala, i-Fog kunye ne-arhente yakhe yokuthengisa uMark Massop bahlala besebenza njengabalingani ngokuthe ngqo kuphando olusebenzayo lolwaphulo-mthetho. Amatyeli aliqela, abezomthetho babelane ngeenkcukacha zangaphakathi malunga nophando oluqhubekayo kunye neFog kunye neMassop, emva koko benza imibuzo malunga neendawo okanye izixhobo ezinomdla kwaye baxelele amagosa oko akufumeneyo.
Okwesibini, i-Fog inokunceda ii-arhente ziguqulele phakathi kwezazisi zentengiso ezithatyathwe kwiimfonomfono eziphathwayo kunye nezixhobo zobunikazi zeFog (ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba zii-"FOG IDs" okanye "VIDs"). Ukucacisa ukuba kutheni le nto ibalulekile, kufanelekile ukwandisa kulwakhiwo lwedatha yeFog.
Inkungu ibango lokuba i-Reveal idibanisa idatha yendawo kunye nezixhobo zokufanisa "ezikhawulezayo kunye nezingaziwa" ngokusekelwe kwizazisi zentengiso. Ngamanye amazwi, ii-ID zesixhobo ezibuyiswe yiFog Reveal azifani nee-ID zentengiso zezo zixhobo. Inkungu isebenzise oku kuqhawulwa phakathi kwe-VIDs kwinkqubo ejongene nomthengi kunye neempawu zentengiso kwiifowuni zethu njengobungqina bokuba idatha yayo iqulethe "akukho PII" (ulwazi olubonakalayo). Kodwa iirekhodi ezivela e-Iowa nakwezinye iindawo zibonisa ukuba i-Fog yayivuyile ukuguqulela ii-ID zentengiso kunye nee-VID xa ziceliwe. Oku kubalulekile kuba ii-ID zentengiso eziphathwayo zilula kakhulu ukunxibelelana nezazisi zehlabathi lokwenyani. Ukukhululeka apho inkungu iguqulele izichazi zentengiso ijongela phantsi ibango leFog lokuba ayithengisi iinkcukacha ezichongiweyo.
Okwesithathu, inkonzo kaFog ngamanye amaxesha yayisetyenziselwa ukuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela kunye nokubulala,…
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
Ungalibazisi ukwabelana ngenqaku lethu kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo ukusinika ukomelela okuqinileyo. 🤓