UDieter B.
Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba leliphi iqabane elifanelekileyo le-elektroniki kwiiprojekthi zakho? Ewe, ungajongi ngokubhekele phaya! Ehlabathini lezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezidumileyo, amagama amabini agqamile: Arduino kunye neRaspberry Pi. Ezi ziqonga zimbini ziye zakhula ekuthandeni kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye lixesha lokuzibeka entloko ukuze zibone ukuba ngubani othatha ibhaso. Ke, bhinqa amabhanti esihlalo sakho kwaye ulungiselele ukuntywila kwihlabathi elinomdla apho ii-microprocessors kunye neprototyping zivula indlela entsha. Yiza, ndilandele, sizokonwaba!
Uluhlu lwangaphakathi
IArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi: Izixhobo ezibini ze-elektroniki ezidumileyo
Ukuba ungena kwihlabathi elikhawulezayo lezinto zombane, kunzima ukuba ungafumani amagama amabini alawula indawo: Arduino et Raspberry Pi. Ezi bhodi zimbini ze-elektroniki ziye zafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabantu abathanda i-DIY, abathanda itekhnoloji kunye neengcali zeshishini. Kodwa kutheni zithandwa kangaka nje? Yintoni eyahlula omnye komnye? Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yeyiphi omele uyikhethe kwiprojekthi yakho ethile?
Ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwiinkcukacha, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba la maqonga mabini, eneneni, ahluke kakhulu kwaye ayeyilwe ngeenjongo ezithile engqondweni. Ukukhetha phakathi kweArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi kuya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yakho.
| Arduino | Raspberry Pi | |
|---|---|---|
| indalo | Ibhodi yophuhliso | Ikhompyuter yebhodi enye |
| ukusebenzisa | Ilungele ii-novices kunye neprototyping ye-elektroniki ekhawulezayo | Isetyenziselwa iiprojekthi eziphucukileyo ezifuna inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza |
| Ukukhetha imodeli | Iimodeli ezininzi kunye nokwahluka ezikhoyo ngokweemfuno zeprojekthi | Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemodeli ezikhoyo ezineenkumbulo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bokwenza |
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho Arduino okanye iRaspberry Pi eyongamileyo enye kwenye. Zahluke ngokulula, nganye kuzo ineengenelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo ngayo. IArduino yenzelwe inkqubo ekhawulezayo nelula, iyenza igqibelele kwabaqalayo kunye neeprojekthi ezilula. Kwelinye icala, iRaspberry Pi yikhompyuter epheleleyo kwiminiature, ekwaziyo ukuphatha iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo nezifunayo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho lwakho phakathi kweArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi luya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, izakhono zakho zokucwangcisa, kunye nenqanaba lobunzima beprojekthi yakho. Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kuphonononga iimpawu zeqonga ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, ukukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi.
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Arduino: Iqonga lokuchwetheza elivuleleke kwihlabathi liphela
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wesixhobo esihle, esibhetyebhetye kwaye sinamandla, esikwaziyo ukuzisa eyona ngqikelelo yamabhongo ye-elektroniki ebomini. Esi sixhobo yiArduino. Le yibhodi yophuhliso lwe-microcontroller ethi, nangona incinci ngobukhulu, isebenze ngokumangalisayo kwaye inezinto ezininzi.
Cinga ngeArduino njengebhokisi yesixhobo sombane esele ikulungele ukusetyenziswa. Ngaba unombono oqaqambileyo wesixhobo esitsha sombane? UArduino ulapha ukukunceda wenze ukuba yenzeke. Nokuba ufuna ukudanyaza ii-LEDs, wamkele amagalelo asuka kumaqhosha, okanye ufunde idatha evela kwizinzwa ezahlukeneyo, iArduino ingayenza. Kwaye inxalenye engcono? Liqonga lomthombo ovulekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokuxhamla kumsebenzi kunye neengcinga zamawaka abanye abayili kunye nabaphuhlisi abaye babelana ngoyilo lwabo kunye namathala eencwadi.
Intliziyo yeArduino yiyo umlawuli omncinci, uhlobo lwekhompyuter encinci eyenza ikhowudi oyinike yona. Iindidi ze-microcontrollers zinokwahluka, kodwa eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-ARM Cortex. Ngokungafaniyo nekhompyuter epheleleyo, iArduino ayinayo inkqubo yokusebenza. Ikhowudi oyibhalayo isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-microcontroller, inika ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye noluchanekileyo kwi-hardware.
Inkqubo ye-Arduino iqhutyelwa ngolwimi lweC / C ++, usebenzisa i-Arduino IDE, isixhobo sophuhliso esenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuququzelela inkqubo yala mabhodi amancinci anamandla. Xa kuziwa kumagalelo kunye neziphumo, i-Arduino inezikhonkwane zedijithali kunye ne-analog, kunye ne-HDMI, i-USB, kunye ne-audio port.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncinci, i-Arduino inosetyenziso oluphantsi lwamandla kunye nememori ye-flash encinci, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukusebenza okulula kodwa okusebenzayo. Kwiiprojekthi ezifuna uqhagamshelo njenge-Ethernet kunye ne-Wi-Fi, yongeza ngokulula iimodyuli zangaphandle ebhodini.
Ekugqibeleni, iArduino yintshatsheli yokwenyani xa kufikwa kubulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Nokuba ungumfundi onomdla wokwazi okanye ingcaphephe kwizinto zombane, iArduino inento enokunikela ngayo. Iindleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula kwenza kube lukhetho olunomtsalane kuye nabani na ofuna ukuphonononga ilizwe elinomdla lezinto zombane.
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I-Raspberry Pi: I-microcomputer edibeneyo esekwe kwi-microprocessor
Khawucinge ngekhompyutha encinci, ubungakanani bekhadi lakho letyala, elinamandla okuqalisa inguqu yedijithali. Yile nto kanye Raspberry Pi. Iphuhliswe ngu Eben Upton ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge eUnited Kingdom, le microcomputer yayiyilwe ngenjongo yemfundo, ejolise ekuphuculeni nasekuphuhliseni izakhono zeprogram kumazwe asakhasayo.
IRaspberry Pi isebenza kwinkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux, ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kwindlela yokusebenza yeRaspberry Pi esekwe Debian, eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yiRaspbian OS. Le nkqubo yokusebenza, ebonelelwa ngesixhobo, yinkqubo esebenza ngokupheleleyo. Ibonelela ngokuguquguquka okumangalisayo ngokuvumela inkqubo kwiilwimi ezininzi, njengeC, C ++, Python, Java, HTML, kunye nokunye.
Ngaphandle kokuba sisixhobo sokufunda esimangalisayo, iRaspberry Pi ifumene ukuthandwa phakathi kwe-DIYers, abantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa, kunye nabathandi. Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo, isetyenziselwe ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ezinomdla. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni werobhothi enokucwangciswa, izikhululo zemozulu ezenziwe ekhaya, iinkqubo zokhuseleko zekhamera, zonke zenziwe kule khompyutha incinane!
I-Raspberry Pi inokudityaniswa kubuninzi beeperipherals, kubandakanywa umboniso, imouse, ikhibhodi kunye nekhamera, okwenza kube lula ngakumbi. Kufana nokuba nekhompyuter epheleleyo (iprosesa, i-RAM, indawo yokugcina, imizobo, izihlanganisi, njl. njl.) kwikhadi elinye!
I-Raspberry Pi Foundation isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula esi sixhobo, ikhupha rhoqo iinguqulelo ezintsha. Imodeli entsha, iRaspberry Pi 4 Model B, inika amandla angakumbi kunye namathuba. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iifayile ze-Raspberry Pi hardware kunye ne-firmware azikho umthombo ovulekileyo, ngokungafaniyo neArduino.
I-Raspberry Pi, ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo buncinci, yitekhnoloji yokwenyani, engqina ukuba izinto ezinkulu zinokuza ngeepakethe ezincinci.
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Ukwahlula iArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi
Kwihlabathi elikhulu lamakhadi e-elektroniki, amagama amabini agqamile: Arduino et Raspberry Pi. Ezi zigebenga zimbini ziyafana kwaye zahluke kakhulu, kwaye ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luhlala luhla kumbuzo weprojekthi kunye neemfuno.
Xa sithetha Raspberry Pi, sithetha ngenene ikhompyuter yebhodi enye. Ineprosesa enamandla, iyakwazi ukuqhuba inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza, efana nePC okanye ilaptop yakho. Iguquguquka, iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kwaye inikezela ngonxibelelwano olunomtsalane kunye neenketho ezinjenge-USB, HDMI, kunye ne-Ethernet.
Kwelinye icala, iArduino likhadi lemicrocontroller. Ilula kuneRaspberry Pi, iprosesa yayo inamandla amancinci, kodwa ikhanya ngokukwazi ukulawula i-hardware. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi efuna ulawulo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye nokusebenzisana kunye ne-sensor kunye ne-actuators. Nangona kunjalo, uxhulumaniso lwayo lulinganiselwe kwaye luxhomekeke ngakumbi kwiimodyuli zangaphandle.
Ukubonisa umahluko, masithi usakha indlu. I-Arduino iya kufana nenjineli yesakhiwo, igxininise kumbandela wokwakha. I-Raspberry Pi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iya kuba ngumyili wezakhiwo, ukudala ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwendlu.
Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi Arduino et Raspberry Pi iya kuxhomekeka kwiprojekthi yakho. Ukuba ufuna ukulawula ihardware ngexesha langempela, iArduino inokuba lolona khetho lwakho lulungileyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba iprojekthi yakho ifuna amandla okuqhubela phambili kunye nokukwazi ukuqhuba isoftware entsonkothileyo, iRaspberry Pi inokufaneleka ngakumbi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zixhobo zimbini azihlukani. Enyanisweni, zinokusetyenziswa ngokufuthi kunye, ngamnye ezisa amandla akhe kumsebenzi othile. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukhetho lwakho, cinga ngenyameko malunga neemfuno zakho ezithile kunye nendlela isixhobo ngasinye esinokukunceda ngayo ukuphumeza iinjongo zakho.
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Ukukhetha phakathi kweArduino kunye neRaspberry Pi: umbuzo weemfuno kunye neeprojekthi
Ukususela kwizibane ezikhanyayo zomtya wee-LED ukuya kubunzima berobhothi ezizimeleyo, izicelo ze-elektroniki ziyahlukahlukana njengezixhobo zokwenza ukuba zibe yinyani. Phakathi kwabo, Arduino et Raspberry Pi kugqame ngokukodwa, kodwa ukukhetha phakathi kwaba badlali babini baphambili akusoloko kulula.
Into yokuqala ukuyiqonda kukubaArduino likhadi microcontroller, ngelixa i Raspberry Pi yikhompyuter yokwenyani yebhodi enye. Oku kuthetha ukuba iRaspberry Pi ifuna inkqubo yokusebenza ukuze iqhube - njengenguqulelo ehluthiweyo yeLinux - ngelixa iArduino isenza ngekhowudi yomthombo webinary ehlanganisiweyo.
Cinga ngeArduino njengomdlali wasesitratweni onetalente, okwaziyo ukujula iibhola ngobuchule okanye iitotshi ezivuthayo. I-Raspberry Pi ingathanda ukuba ngumqhubi we-orchestra, ekwazi ukulungelelanisa inani elikhulu leemvumi ukuvelisa i-symphony enzima.
Isantya sewotshi ye-Arduino yi-16 MHz, yanele kwimisebenzi elula, ephindaphindayo njengokulawula izinzwa okanye ii-LEDs. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iRaspberry Pi, enesantya sewotshi ejikeleze i-1,2 GHz, iyakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi, efana nerobhothi, ukudlala ividiyo, kunye nokusebenzisana kwekhamera.
Bobabini banezikhonkwane ze-GPIO zokudibanisa amacandelo e-elektroniki, kodwa i-Arduino ibabiza ngokuba yi-Digital IO kunye ne-Analog IN, ngelixa i-Raspberry Pi ine-40-pin GPIO, inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
I-Arduino inokongeza umsebenzi othile usebenzisa izihlangu ze-Arduino, ngelixa i-Raspberry Pi inokufaka izixhobo ezongezelelweyo ezifana nezikrini zokuchukumisa, i-GPS, okanye iipaneli ze-RGB. Ngokuphathelele ikhowudi, iArduino isebenzisa i-Arduino IDE, ngelixa i-Raspberry Pi ingasebenzisa i-Python IDLE, i-Eclipse IDE, okanye ezinye ii-IDE ezihambelana ne-Linux.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Arduino inenzuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Inokuthi inikwe amandla ngokuthe ngqo kwi-port ye-USB yekhompyutheni, ngelixa i-Raspberry Pi ifuna amandla amaninzi kwaye kufuneka inikwe amandla ngokufanelekileyo ukunqanda umonakalo kwi-hardware.
Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi kweRaspberry Pi kunye neArduino kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi. I-Arduino inconywa kwiiprojekthi eziqalayo kunye neprototyping ye-elektroniki ekhawulezayo, ngelixa i-Raspberry Pi inconywa kwiiprojekthi ezihambele phambili kunye nezinzima.
Ke, umbuzo awukho ngenene ukuba yeyiphi eyona ingcono, kodwa ukuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele iimfuno zakho ezithile. Ke, ngaba uyijuggler okanye umqhubi?
I-Arduino yibhodi yokuphuhlisa i-microcontroller esetyenziselwa imisebenzi elula, abalawuli, iinkqubo ezifakwe ngaphakathi, iinzwa kunye neerobhothi. I-Raspberry Pi, kwelinye icala, yikhompyuter yebhodi enye esetyenziselwa ukufunda inkqubo yekhompyuter.
I-Arduino ilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kune-Raspberry Pi. Ikwafaneleke ngakumbi kwimisebenzi efuna ulawulo lwexesha lokwenyani kunye nokusebenzisana kunye neenzwa kunye ne-actuators.
I-Raspberry Pi ineprosesa enamandla ngakumbi kwaye inokuqhuba inkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza. Ikwabonelela ngeendlela zokunxibelelana ngakumbi, ezifana ne-USB, i-HDMI kunye ne-Ethernet, kwaye ifaneleka ngakumbi kwimisebenzi efuna amandla okusebenza ngakumbi kunye nesoftware enzima.
