UDieter B.
Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni ifowuni yakho ingenamanzi okanye kutheni isithethi sakho seBluetooth sinokusinda kwizantyalantyala zemvula ebezingalindelekanga? Ewe, impendulo ilele kwiikhowudi ezingaqondakaliyo IPX4, IPX5, IPX6, IPX7 kunye ne-IPX8! Sukuba nexhala, ndilapha ukuze ndikukhanyisele kolu hlelo lubangela umdla. Kweli nqaku, siza kungena kwihlabathi elinomdla lokhuseleko lwamanzi kwaye sifumanise ukuba ezi khowudi zithetha ukuthini. Bopha amabhanti ezihlalo zakho, kuba siza kuhamba kulwandlekazi lwemigangatho yokumelana namanzi.
Uluhlu lwangaphakathi
Ukuqonda ikhowudi ye-IP: IPX4, IPX5, IPX6, IPX7, IPX8
Khawube nomfanekiso wakho ulungiselela usuku olude emsebenzini, ikofu yakho esandleni, kwaye ngequbuliso i-smartphone yakho exabisekileyo ithatha ukuphoseka ngokungalindelekanga kwindebe yakho. Liphupha elibi lomntu wonke, akunjalo? Ke, kulapho ke IP ikhowudi Joyina umdlalo.
Ikhowudi yeIP, okanye Ikhowudi yoKhuseleko lokungeniswa, ngumgangatho wokuhlela owamkelwe kwihlabathi jikelele okunika umbono ocacileyo wendlela isixhobo sakho esixhathisa ngayo izinto ezinje ngamanzi nothuli. Xa uqonda ezi khowudi, uxhotyiswe ngcono ukuba unakekele izixhobo zakho.
Izixhobo ezingakumbi nangakumbi, ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwii-smartwatches, ngoku zidlala inqanaba le-IP. Kodwa athetha ukuthini ngokwenene la manani kunye nonobumba ababonakala bentsonkothile? Ndivumele ndikukhanyisele:
| Ikhowudi ye-IP | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| IPX4 | Inokumelana nokutshizwa kwamanzi ukusuka macala onke. |
| IPX5 | Iyakwazi ukumelana neejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukusuka macala onke. |
| IPX6 | Inokumelana neejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukusuka macala onke. |
| IPX7 | Unokuntywiliselwa emanzini ukuya kwimitha ubunzulu kangangemizuzu engama-30. |
| IPX8 | Isenokuntywiliselwa emanzini kubunzulu obungaphezu kwemitha enye kangangexesha elichazwe ngumenzi. |
Inkqubo yokukala yeIP iqulathe oonobumba “IP” elandelwa ngamanani amabini. Umzekelo, kwimeko yesixhobo sokuhlelwa IP57, inombolo yokuqala (5) ihambelana nokukhuselwa kwiincinci, ezifana nothuli, ngelixa inombolo yesibini (7) ibonisa ukuxhathisa kwamanzi.
Ukuqonda ezi khowudi akukhona nje ngenxa yolwazi. Ikuvumela ukuba wenze isigqibo esinolwazi xa uthenga isixhobo esitsha. Ngapha koko, kutheni uhlawula ngaphezulu ukunganyangeki kwamanzi ongayifuniyo? Okanye ngakumbi, ucinga ukuba isixhobo sakho sinokumelana namanzi xa singenjalo?
Yiyo le nto yokuqonda IP ikhowudi ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwicandelo elilandelayo, siza kucazulula ulwahlulo ngalunye ukuze ube yingcali yokwenyani kulo mbandela.
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Masicazulule ulwahlulo ngalunye lwe-IPX kunye
IPX4
Khawuzithelekelele ubaleka epakini kwintsasa epholileyo nenenkungu. Uva amathontsi amanzi ebusweni bakho, kodwa isixhobo sakho simelana ngokuqaqambileyo noku kuthontsiza kukhanya. Yile nto kanye ithetha ngayo ulwahlulo IPX4. Isikhuselo esibonelelayo silingana nento yokukhanya ukukhanya okanye ukubila kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ntlaselo ayizicingeli ishawa, apho ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyinto enkulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, musa ukubala kulo mgangatho wokukhusela ifowuni yakho kwintuthuzelo yonke emanzini.
IPX5
Ngoku cinga ngenjikalanga yokulima, apho amanzi asuka kunkcenkceshelo yakho anokusasazwa phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya. Isixhobo esihleliweyo IPX5 uya kumelana nemeko enjalo. Inokumelana ne-30 kilopascals yoxinzelelo lwamanzi imizuzu eyi-15. Nangona kunjalo, ayenzelwanga ukuhamba nawe kwishawari okanye ukudipha echibini. Nangona kunjalo iyakwazi ukumelana nezantyalantyala zemvula.
IPX6
Ngokubhekiselele kuhlelo IPX6, khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wemvula enkulu yasehlotyeni, apho amathontsi aphantse abe makhulu njengeebhastile. Isixhobo sakho sinokumelana nale mvula inezandyondyo, ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana neejethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ungade uhlambe ngayo, kodwa ungayi kuqubha, kuba amanzi asenokungena ngaphakathi.
IPX7
Ulwahlulo IPX7 ikuvumela ukuba uye phambili kancinci kwaye untywilisele isixhobo sakho ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha enye ubunzulu kangangemizuzu engama-1. Nokuba ubanjiwe kwisiphango esishushu okanye ufuna ukuthatha idiphu ekhawulezileyo echibini, isixhobo sakho siya kuba nakho ukuhamba nawe. Nangona kunjalo, lumka ungangeni nzulu kakhulu, njengoko izixhobo ezilinganiswe nge-IPX30 zivavanywa kuphela kubunzulu bemitha enye.
IPX8
Ulwahlulo IPX8 inikeza ukhuseleko olukhulu ngakumbi. Nokuba yeyokuntywila nzulu okanye ixesha elide, izixhobo ezilinganiswe nge-IPX8 ziyilelwe ukuba zibe ngamaqabane akho emanzini.
IPX9K
Ekugqibeleni, ulwahlulo IPX9K yeyona nto iphambili yokumelana namanzi. Kufana nokuba neqhawe epokothweni yakho, elikwaziyo ukumelana nejethi yamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu kubushushu obungama-80°C. Nangona kunjalo, zimbalwa izixhobo ezinokuqhayisa ngokuba nolwahlulo olunjalo.
Ukuqonda ezi zilinganiso kubalulekile xa kuthengwa isixhobo kuba kukwazisa ukuba ungalindela ntoni malunga nokuxhathisa kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuchasana kwamanzi akuthethi ukungangeni kwamanzi. Uluhlu ngalunye lunemida yalo kwaye kubalulekile ukuzazi ukuphepha nawuphi na umonakalo kwisixhobo sakho.
Ingaba iireyithingi ze-IP zabelwa njani kwizixhobo zombane?
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wesixhobo esitsha sombane, esimenyezelayo kwaye silungele ukuvavanyelwa ukuxhathisa kwamanzi nothuli. Umenzi, entembelele kwilungu lemveliso yalo, wagqiba kwelokuba ayingenise kuthotho lweemvavanyo ezinzima ukufumana i-IP yokuhlelwa. Esi sigqibo asithatyathwa lula, njengoko i-IP ingenza okanye iqhekeze igama lemveliso kwindawo yentengiso.
Emva kokuba isigqibo senziwe, imveliso ithunyelwa kwinkampani ezimeleyo eqinisekisiweyo. Kulapho owona mngeni uqalisa khona. Imveliso ibekwe kwibhentshi yovavanyo oluzinikeleyo et soumis à une série de tests spécifiques à la classification IP visée. Oku kunokuthetha ukuvezwa kwiijethi zamanzi ezivela kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo okanye uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo, kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo we-IP umenzi akhethe ukuwuvavanya.
Khumbula, udidi ngalunye lwe-IP luneenqobo zalo ezikhethekileyo nezingqongqo. Isixhobo esiphumelele uvavanyo lwe-IPX4 sinokungasindi kuvavanyo lwe-IPX7.
Iziphumo zovavanyo ke zithatha isigqibo. Ukuba imveliso iyaphumelela, ivuzwa ngomlinganiselo onqwenelekayo we-IP, isibhengezo esiyinyani sokukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezithile ezinzima. Kodwa ukuba amanzi okanye uthuli lungena kwimeko ngexesha lovavanyo, kukungaphumeleli. Imveliso ayifumani ukuhlelwa kwe-IP kwaye kufuneka ibuyele kwisigaba soyilo sokuphucula.
Kucacile ukuba ukufumana ireyithi ye-IP akukho lula. Bubungqina bomgangatho kunye nokuqina kwesixhobo, isiqinisekiso kuwe, umthengi, ukuba imveliso inokumelana neemeko ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nokuba imveliso inomgangatho we-IP, oku akuqinisekisi ukhuseleko olupheleleyo kuzo zonke izinto kuzo zonke iimeko. Ukuhlelwa kusoloko kuvavanywa phantsi kwemeko elawulwa nangeemeko ezithile.
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I-IP kunye nokukhusela uthuli
Yiba nomfanekiso wakho ukwindibano yocweyo enothuli, usebenza kwiprojekthi yakho ye-DIY ngempelaveki, isixhobo sakho sombane silungile. Okanye mhlawumbi ungumhambi okhutheleyo, ujonga iindlela ezinothuli ngekhamera yakho yedijithali. Kwezi meko, ukuxhathisa uthuli lwesixhobo sakho kubaluleke njengokumelana namanzi. Iireyithingi ze-IP zikuvumela ukuba wazi kakuhle ukuba isixhobo sakho sombane sinokuxhathisa kangakanani na la masuntswana ahlaselayo.
Thatha umzekelo wokuhlelwa IPX0. Kule meko, isixhobo sakho asinakuzikhusela kumasuntswana amancinane njengokungcola okanye uthuli. Kufana nenqaba engenazindonga, evezwe kuzo zonke iingozi ezingqongileyo. Okulandelayo sinohlelo IPX1, enika ukhuseleko oluthile, kodwa kuphela kwizinto ezinkulu kune-50mm. Kufana nokuba nocingo, kodwa lowo awukwazi ukugcina izidalwa ezincinci okanye i-projectiles.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ulwahlulo lusanda, kunjalo nokhuseleko. IPX2 ikhusela ukudibana neminwe yakho kunye nezinto ezinobungakanani obufanayo, ngelixaIPX3 Inika inkundla ingcingo eminqamlezo, izikati ezincinci, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Kufana nokuhamba ecingeni kudonga oluqinileyo, kuyakwazi ukuxhathisa uhlaselo olunzulu.
Kwaye ke, inqanaba lokukhusela eluthulini lifikelela kwincopho yalo IPX5 et IPX6. Ukalo lwe-IPX5 lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluluqilima kumasuntswana, nangona lungenalo uthuli ngokupheleleyo. Kufana nokuba nocango oluluqilima, kodwa ngeendawo zokubeka ezimbalwa ezivumela uthuli ukuba lungene. Kwelinye icala, ulwahlulo lwe-IPX6 lubonelela ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo eluthulini. Kufana nokuba nenqaba engangenekiyo, ekwaziyo ukumelana nohlaselo lweeyure ezisi-8 ngesicoci esifunxayo esinyanzelisa uthuli ngaphakathi kwesixhobo.
Ubuhle bemilinganiselo ye-IP kukuba bakuvumela ukuba ukhethe isixhobo esihle kwiimfuno zakho ezithile, nokuba uyingcibi, i-hiker, okanye nje umntu owonwabela ukumamela umculo ngexesha lolwandle. Ngexesha elizayo xa ufuna isixhobo esitsha se-elektroniki, ungalibali ukukhangela ireyithingi yayo ye-IP.
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isiphelo
Ekugqibeleni, ikhowudi ye-IP, eso sibonakaliso esixabisekileyo esivumela ukuba sigwebe ukuchasana kwesixhobo kumanzi nothuli, kungaphezulu kwenani. Esi sisiqinisekiso, isiqinisekiso sokuba imveliso onayo ezandleni zakho ivavanyiwe kwaye ibonakalise ngempumelelo ukuqina kwayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Yiba nomfanekiso wakho ukhetha i-smartphone entsha. Unayo esandleni sakho, uyilo lwayo oluthambileyo, isikrini sayo esiqaqambileyo, iimpawu zayo ezininzi ziyakuhenda. Kodwa xa usenza ukhetho lwakho, uyakhumbula ukuba oku kukhankanywa kuncinane kuthetha ukuthini IP67 kwiphepha lobugcisa. Iqinisekisa ukuba ungathatha ifowuni yakho elunxwemeni ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, iya kuthi iphumelele isanti. Kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba xa ngengozi uyichitha ikofu yakho kuyo, iya kusinda.
Luxolo lwengqondo olunikwa ikhowudi ye-IP. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwiindawo ezilawulwayo. Ehlabathini lokwenyani, iingozi zinokwahluka kakhulu kwaye zingalindelekanga. Yiyo loo nto kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuphatha izixhobo zakho zombane ngononophelo, nokuba zithini na i-IP yazo.
Ukongezelela, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uvavanyo ngalunye lwe-IP luyabiza. Lutyalo-mali olwenziwe ngumenzi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yawo. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-IP inokuba nefuthe kwixabiso lesixhobo. Umenzi ngamnye kufuneka enze ngobunono ngenyameko izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokunika i-IP ye-IP kwizixhobo zabo.
Ngoko kwixesha elizayo xa ubona ikhowudi efana IPX7 ou IPX4 kwileyibhile yemveliso, uya kuyazi ukuba ingaphezulu nje kwenani. Sisiphumo senkqubo yovavanyo olungqongqo kunye nesithembiso sokuxhathisa kwiintlobo ezithile zeziganeko.
Ikhowudi ye-IP ngumgangatho wokuhlela obonisa indlela into exhathise ngayo kwizinto ezifana namanzi nothuli.
IPX4 ithetha ukukhuselwa kumanzi atshizayo kangangemizuzu eli-10 kuxinzelelo oluphantsi.
IPX5 ithetha ukukhuselwa kumanzi ajulwe kumbhobho wokutshiza imizuzu eli-15 kumgama oziimitha ezi-3 kunye noxinzelelo lwe-30 kilopascals.
