Anton Gildebrand
Ingabe ufuna isistimu yokusebenza engcono kakhulu yekhompyutha yakho? Ungabe usacinga ! Kulesi sihloko, sethula kuwe amasistimu wokusebenza ayi-10 angcono kakhulu azohlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zakho.
Ukuthi uyikho oqalayo noma uchwepheshe osemnkantshubomvu, ngokuqinisekile uzothola leyo evumelana kangcono nokulindela kwakho.
Kusukela ku-Ubuntu ne-MacOS kuya ku-Fedora ne-Solaris, sizokubonisa izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele nezici zesistimu ngayinye yokusebenza. Ngakho-ke zilungiselele ukuhlola umhlaba othokozisayo wamasistimu wokusebenza futhi wenze ukukhetha okuhle kwekhompyutha yakho.
Ake sikuqondise ezinkethweni ezahlukene futhi uthole ekulungele. Landela umhlahlandlela wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingcono kakhulu eziyi-10 zekhompyutha yakho!
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
1. Ubuntu: Uhlelo lokusebenza olufanele wonke umuntu
Ubuntu ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezindawo ezisatshalaliswa zeLinux ezaziwa kakhulu nezisetshenziswa emhlabeni. Ukuguquguquka kwayo nokuvumelana nezimo kuyenza ifaneleke izinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi, kungaba amabhizinisi, izikhungo zemfundo noma abantu ngabanye. Ukusebenziseka kalula kwayo kanye nobungane bomsebenzisi kuyimpahla enkulu eyenza ithandeke kubo bobabili ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabaqalayo bekhompyutha.
Ubuntu busekelwa futhi buthuthukiswe yiCanonical, inkampani yama-software edume umhlaba wonke. Lokhu kuqinisekisa abasebenzisi bayo ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokubuyekeza njalo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezokuphepha, Ubuntu bubuye buhambise. Iza ifakwe i-firewall eqinile kanye ne-antivirus eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuvikela abasebenzisi ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Ukwengeza, Ubuntu butholakala ngezilimi ezihlukene ezingama-50, ezikhuluma ngokutholakala nokufinyeleleka kwabo kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke.
Ubuntu buphinde bubonakale ngomphakathi wabo osebenzayo nozinikele wabasebenzisi. Lo mphakathi unikela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwesistimu futhi unikeza ukusekelwa okubalulekile kubasebenzisi abasha. Noma ngabe ufuna isistimu yokusebenza yebhizinisi lakho, isikole, noma ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, Ubuntu nakanjani inketho okufanele icatshangelwe.
- Ubuntu wuhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Linux olulungele zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi.
- Isekelwa inkampani yesoftware iCanonical, eqinisekisa ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Ifakwe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, ezifaka i-firewall kanye ne-antivirus.
- Itholakala ngezilimi ezingu-50, iqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka emhlabeni jikelele.
- Umphakathi wabasebenzisi abasebenzayo nabazinikele ekwenzeni ngcono okuqhubekayo kwesistimu nokusekelwa kwabasebenzisi abasha.
2. I-MacOS: Uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-Apple
i-macOS ingaphezu nje kwesistimu yokusebenza; iyinhliziyo yawo wonke amakhompuyutha akwa-Apple, iletha okuhlangenwe nakho okukodwa kubasebenzisi bayo. Yakhelwe futhi yathuthukiswa ngu Apple, omunye wabaholi bomhlaba kwezobuchwepheshe, i-MacOS yangena emakethe ngo-1998 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yenza uchungechunge lwentuthuko ebalulekile kanye nezibuyekezo. Inguqulo yakamuva, i-macOS iyeza, kuwubufakazi balokhu kuzibophezela okuqhubekayo ekwenzeni okuhle.
I-macOS igqama ngochungechunge lwezici ezihlakaniphile neziqanjiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Smart Search, enikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo nokulula kumafayela athile nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuthunyelwa okuhleliwe kwama-imeyili kungesinye isici esivelele, esivumela abasebenzisi ukuhlela ukuxhumana kwabo ukuthi kuthunyelwe ngesikhathi esithile. Okokugcina, ukusesha izithombe zewebhu nge-Spotlight kuyithuluzi elinamandla elenza kube lula ukufinyelela izinsiza ezibukwayo ku-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zici, i-macOS yaziswa kakhulu ngesibonisi sayo esihle nesinembile. Isistimu yokusebenza yakhelwe ukuletha okuhlangenwe nakho okushelelayo nokungenazihibe, okunoshintsho olushelelayo phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nokusebenziseka kalula okwenza ikhompuyutha ifinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki izinga lekhono.
- I-MacOS iwuhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile lwe-Apple, oluhlinzeka ngolwazi oluhlukile kubasebenzisi bayo.
- Inikeza uchungechunge lwezici ezihlakaniphile, okuhlanganisa ukusesha okuhlakaniphile, ukuthumela i-imeyili okuhleliwe nosesho lwezithombe zewebhu nge-Spotlight.
- I-macOS yaziwa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esihle nesinembile, ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubushelelezi nolufinyeleleka kalula lomsebenzisi.
3. I-Fedora: I-OS Yendawo Yokusebenzela Yebhizinisi
Kuqashelwa ukuqina nokuvumelana nezimo, Fedora igqama njengohlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Linux oluhlangabezana ngokuphelele nezidingo zezindawo zokusebenza zebhizinisi. Ukuduma kwayo akudluleli kuphela kochwepheshe abangomakadebona, kodwa nakubafundi abafuna ukufunda ukuthi uhlelo olusebenzayo lusebenza kanjani.
Ifakwe uhlaka olugcwele lwamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile, i-Fedora inikeza isethi yesici esicebile, okwenza kube lula ukufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kusukela ekuphathweni kwefayela kuya ohlelweni. Iphinde inikeze ukwesekwa okuphelele kwamathuluzi anamandla okwenza le sistimu yokusebenza ifaneleke ikakhulukazi izindawo ezidinga amasistimu wokusebenza amaningi ukuthi asebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Fedora ivuselelwa njalo ngezinguqulo zakamuva ze-Linux kernel, evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazuze ekuthuthukisweni kwakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe. Umphakathi wayo osebenzayo wabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi nawo unikela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwesistimu futhi unikeza usizo olubalulekile kwabasanda kungena.
- Fedora iyisistimu yokusebenza esekwe ku-Linux eyenzelwe izindawo zokusebenza zebhizinisi.
- Idumile phakathi kwabafundi nezingcweti ngokufanayo, ngenxa yesuite yayo ebanzi yamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile.
- I-Fedora isekela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anamandla e-virtualization, okwenza ifanele izindawo ezidinga amasistimu wokusebenza amaningi ukuze asebenze kanyekanye.
- Uhlelo luvuselelwa njalo ngezinguqulo zakamuva ze-Linux kernel, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bayahlomula ekuthuthukisweni kwakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe.
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4. I-Solaris: Uhlelo Olusebenza Kakhulu Lwe-UNIX
I-Solaris, eyakhiwe yi-Sun Microsystems, iwuhlelo olunamandla olusekelwe ku-UNIX. Iphuma phambili emncintiswaneni ngezici zayo ezithuthukile nezintsha njenge Dtrace, I-ZFS et Isikhathi Isilayidi. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngezinga elingakaze libonwe lokulawula nokuvumelana nezimo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqaphe futhi bahlaziye ukusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela, baphathe izinhlelo zefayela ngendlela efanele, futhi babuyisele izinguqulo zangaphambilini zamafayela kalula.
Ukwengeza, uSolaris ugcizelela ukuphepha. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuphepha ezisezingeni lomhlaba, eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, ubuqotho nokutholakala kwedatha. Kochwepheshe be-IT namabhizinisi aphethe amanani amakhulu edatha ebucayi, i-Solaris inketho ekhangayo.
I-Solaris iphinde ikhanye endaweni yezinsizakalo zewebhu kanye nemininingwane yolwazi. Ngekhono layo elingenamkhawulo lokuphatha izinhlelo zefayela nolwazi olugciniwe, lisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinkulu kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Noma ngabe ungumqondisi wesizindalwazi, unjiniyela wenethiwekhi, noma umthuthukisi wewebhu, uSolaris unokuthile angakunikeza.
- I-Solaris iyisistimu yokusebenza esekwe ku-UNIX eyakhiwe yi-Sun Microsystems.
- Iza nezici ezithuthukile njenge-Dtrace, i-ZFS ne-Time Slider.
- ISolaris yaziwa ngezinsizakalo zayo zokuphepha ezisezingeni lomhlaba.
- Ilungele izinsiza zewebhu kanye nesizindalwazi ngenxa yamandla ayo angenamkhawulo wokuphatha izinhlelo zamafayela kanye nesizindalwazi.
- I-Solaris iyisinqumo esiqinile sochwepheshe be-IT.
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5. Ama-CentO: Inketho Ethandwayo Yonjiniyela
CentOs, isifinyezo sokuthi Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwebhizinisi Lomphakathi, iwumthombo ovulekile wesistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Linux enconywa kakhulu onjiniyela emhlabeni jikelele. Kungani kunesithakazelo esinjalo? Yebo, ama-CentOs aziwa ngokuhlinzeka ngamakhodi ngenkundla eqinile nethembekile yokwakha, ukuhlola, nokukhulula amakhodi awo.
I-CentOs iza nenethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe, ukuhambisana, nezici zokuphepha, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuphezulu konjiniyela. Igqama ngokuzinza kwayo okuyingqayizivele, okuyisici esibalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe. Esinye isici esivelele sama-CentOs umphakathi wawo wabasebenzisi osebenzayo nonothando. Abasebenzisi be-CentOs bavame ukwabelana ngolwazi nolwazi lwabo, banikeze ukwesekwa okubalulekile kulabo abahlangabezana nezinkinga noma abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo.
Ukwengeza, i-CentOs idume ngezibuyekezo zayo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside kokusekelwa. Ngakho-ke ilungele izindawo ezidinga ukuzinza okuphezulu kanye nokuvikeleka okwandisiwe.
- I-CentOs iwumthombo ovulekile wesistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Linux evame ukunconywa konjiniyela.
- Inikeza ukunethiwekha okuthuthukile, ukuhambisana, nezici zokuphepha, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuphezulu konjiniyela.
- I-CentOs yaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo okukhethekile kanye nomphakathi wayo wabasebenzisi abasebenzayo nabanothando.
- I-CentOs nayo idume ngezibuyekezo zayo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kokusekelwa.
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6. I-Debian: Isistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux esebenziseka kalula futhi enamandla
Debian is a Isistimu yokusebenza esekwe ku-Linux, edume ngokuqina nokwethembeka kwayo. Ihlanganiswe ngaphambili, inikeza ukufakwa okulula, ngisho nakuma-novice ekhompyutha. Lokhu lula kokufaka, kuhlanganiswe nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi, kwenza i-Debian ibe inketho ekahle kulabo abathatha izinyathelo zabo zokuqala endaweni yonke ye-Linux.
Mayelana nokusebenza, i-Debian igqamile kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux ngesivinini sayo. Ilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza zesistimu, okukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele umuzwa wokuphequlula oshelelayo futhi osheshayo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu kubasebenzisi abasebenza kumaphrojekthi adinga amandla amaningi okucubungula.
Mayelana nokuphepha, i-Debian nayo ihlukile. Iphiwe ama-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuvikela idatha yakho ebalulekile. Lesi sici, kanye nezibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha, zinikeza ukuvikeleka okuqinile ezinsongweni ezingaba khona, okwenza i-Debian ibe ukukhetha okuphephile kubasebenzisi abaqaphela ukuphepha.
- I-Debian iyisistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux eqinile nethembekile okulula ukuyifaka nokuyisebenzisa.
- Inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokusetshenziswa okulungiselelwe kwezinsiza zesistimu.
- Ifakwe ama-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezibuyekezo zokuphepha ezivamile ukuze zivikeleke ngokufanele ezinsongweni.
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7. IWindows: Isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile nesidumile
IWindows, ethuthukiswe futhi yasatshalaliswa yiMicrosoft, yaziwa ngayo interface yomsebenzisi enembile futhi ethandwa kakhulu. Ukuduma kwayo kungase kubangelwe ukusebenziseka kwayo kalula okufanela zonke izinhlobo zabasebenzisi kusukela kwabaqalayo ukuya kochwepheshe be-IT.
Mayelana nokuphepha, iWindows inikeza ubuchwepheshe bokufakazela ubuqiniso bezinto eziningi, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuqinile kwedatha nolwazi lomuntu siqu. Lesi sici siwusizo kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla wedijithali lapho ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kuyinkinga enkulu.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo seWindows yikhono layo lokwenza cindezela ngokuzenzakalelayo amafayela esistimu. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa indawo yokugcina, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokusebenza.
IWindows nayo inesici esibizwa Ukubukwa komsebenzi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe kalula phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza eziningi. Lesi sici silungele ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi bemisebenzi eminingi abafuna ukuphatha kahle imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- I-Windows yaziwa ngesibonisi sayo somsebenzisi esinembile nesidumile, esilungele abasebenzisi bazo zonke izinhlobo.
- Ihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bokufakazela ubuqiniso bezinto eziningi ukuze kuvikelwe idatha eqinile.
- I-Windows inamandla okucindezela amafayela ohlelo ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kwesikhala sokulondoloza.
- I-Windows Task View iwusizo ikakhulukazi kubasebenzisi abenza imisebenzi eminingi, okubavumela ukuthi bashintshe kalula phakathi kwezindawo zokusebenza eziningi.
| Windows | Usuku lokukhulula |
| Windows 1.0 | November 20 1985 |
| IWindows 2.x | November 1 1987 |
| IWindows 3.x | 22 May 1990 |
| Windows 95 | Agasti 24, 1995 |
| Windows XP | October 25 2001 |
| Windows Vista | January 30 2007 |
| Windows 7 | July 21 2009 |
| Windows 8 | October 26 2012 |
| Windows 10 | July 29 2015 |
| Windows 11 | 24 2021 June |
8. I-Kali Linux: I-distro egxile kwezokuphepha
Sisendaweni yesishiyagalombili I-Kali Linux, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux okwaklanywa ngokukhethekile ngokugcizelela ezokuphepha. Isuka ezimpandeni eziqinile zika-Debian, i-Kali Linux isiqale njengenkundla esezingeni eliphezulu yokuhlola ukungena nokuhlolwa kokuphepha. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa, okufakwe izikhali zezinhlelo ezizinikele ezingaphezu kuka-600, kuyisisefo sangempela sochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha.
Ngaphezu kohlu olubanzi lwamathuluzi, i-Kali Linux ibuye yenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu. Abasebenzisi bangalungisa imvelo yedeskithophu ngokuthanda kwabo, okwenza i-Kali Linux ingabi namandla kuphela, kodwa futhi iguquguquke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlinzeka ngokuhambisana okubanzi nenqwaba yamadivayisi wehadiwe, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ulwazi lomsebenzisi olubushelelezi.
Enye inzuzo yeKali Linux ukuzibophezela kwayo emphakathini womthombo ovulekile. Inikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kumtapo wezincwadi wayo omkhulu wezinsiza, okuhlanganisa okokufundisa kwesinyathelo nesinyathelo kanye nemihlahlandlela ukusiza abasebenzisi ukuzulazula emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Yingakho i-Kali Linux ivame ukukhetha okuthandwayo kochwepheshe bezokuphepha nabashisekeli bezobuchwepheshe abafuna ukujulisa ulwazi lwabo kulo mkhakha.
- I-Kali Linux iyi-distro egxile kwezokuphepha enamathuluzi okuhlola ukungena angaphezu kuka-600 namathuluzi okuhlola ezokuphepha.
- Inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nokuhambisana okubanzi namadivayisi ahlukahlukene wehadiwe.
- I-Kali Linux izibophezele emphakathini wemithombo evulekile, ihlinzeka ngokufinyelela mahhala engcebweni yezinsiza zemfundo.
9. I-Chrome OS: Umkhiqizo we-Google osuselwe ku-Linux kernel
I-Chrome OS, isofthiwe evelele ye-Google, incike ku-Linux kernel ukuze inikeze ulwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi. Ngokusebenzelana kwayo okuyinhloko okusekelwe kusiphequluli se-Chrome, esaziwa ngesivinini nobulula, i-Chrome OS igqama ngokusebenziseka kwayo kalula kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo okungenazihibe ne-ecosystem ye-Google.
Enye yamandla amakhulu e-Chrome OS yikhono layo lokunikeza ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikude namadeskithophu abonakalayo. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu kochwepheshe ohambeni noma abafundi abadinga ukufinyelela emsebenzini wabo noma nini, noma kuphi.
Kodwa i-Chrome OS ayikhawulelwe kulokhu. Iphinde ivumele ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux futhi iyahambisana nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela ofuna ukuhlola izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza noma umsebenzisi we-Android ofuna ukujabulela izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza eziyintandokazi esikrinini esikhulu, i-Chrome OS ikukhavezile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Chrome OS inikeza ulwazi olunzulu ngomsebenzisi olungcono kakhulu kubasebenzisi be-Google. Ihlanganisa ubulula nesivinini se-Chrome kanye nokuguquguquka namandla e-Linux kernel, konke kuphakheji elisebenziseka kalula futhi elenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu.
- I-Chrome OS isuselwe ku-Linux kernel, eyinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu namandla andayo.
- Isebenzisa isiphequluli se-Chrome njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esiyinhloko, ngaleyo ndlela inikeze ulwazi lomsebenzisi olusheshayo futhi olulula.
- I-Chrome OS inikeza ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikude namadeskithophu abonakalayo, isici esibalulekile sochwepheshe nabafundi.
- Ivumela ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux futhi ihambisana nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android, ikwenze kube inketho ekhangayo konjiniyela be-Android nabasebenzisi.
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Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nabasebenzisi
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu eziyi-10 zekhompyutha Ubuntu, MacOS, Fedora, Solaris, CentOS, Debian, Windows, Kali Linux kanye ne-Chrome OS.
