UDieter B.
Wake wazibuza ukuthi iyiphi i-elekthronikhi engaba umngane ongcono kakhulu wamaphrojekthi akho? Awu, ungabe usabheka okunye! Emhlabeni wamathuluzi e-elekthronikhi adumile, amagama amabili agqamayo: I-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi. Lezi zingxenyekazi ezimbili zikhule ngokuduma eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuwabeka phezulu ukuze ubone ukuthi ubani othatha umklomelo. Ngakho-ke, bopha amabhande akho ezihlalo futhi ulungiselele ukucwila emhlabeni othakazelisayo lapho ama-microprocessors kanye ne-prototyping kuvula indlela yokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Woza, ngilandele, sizozijabulisa!
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
I-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi: Amathuluzi amabili adumile we-elekthronikhi
Uma ungena emhlabeni osheshayo wezinto zikagesi, kunzima ukungahlangani namagama amabili abusa lesi sigameko: I-Arduino et Ukusajingijolo Pi. Lawa mabhodi amabili e-elekthronikhi athole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabathandi be-DIY, abathanda ubuchwepheshe kanye nezingcweti zemboni. Kodwa kungani zithandwa kangaka? Yini ebahlukanisa komunye nomunye? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, iyiphi okufanele uyikhethele iphrojekthi yakho ethile?
Ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinkundla ezimbili, empeleni, zihluke kakhulu futhi zaklanywa zinezinhloso ezithile engqondweni. Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi kuzoncika kakhulu ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi yakho.
| I-Arduino | Ukusajingijolo Pi | |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Ibhodi lentuthuko | Ikhompyutha yebhodi elilodwa |
| ukusetshenziswa | Ilungele abaqalayo kanye ne-prototyping ye-elekthronikhi esheshayo | Isetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu adinga isistimu yokusebenza egcwele |
| Ukukhetha imodeli | Amamodeli amaningi nokuhlukahluka kuyatholakala ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi | Izinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli atholakalayo anenkumbulo ehlukene namandla okucubungula |
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Arduino noma i-Raspberry Pi aziphakeme kunomunye. Zihlukile nje, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. I-Arduino yakhelwe ukwenza izinhlelo ezisheshayo nezilula, iyenze ilungele abasaqalayo namaphrojekthi alula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Raspberry Pi iyikhompyutha ephelele encane, ekwazi ukuphatha amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi futhi adinga kakhulu.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha kwakho phakathi kwe-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi kuzoncika ezidingweni zakho ezithile, amakhono akho okuhlela, kanye nezinga lobunkimbinkimbi bephrojekthi yakho. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizohlola izici zenkundla ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe, ukuze sikusize wenze ukukhetha unolwazi.
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I-Arduino: Inkundla ye-prototyping evulekele umhlaba wonke
Cabanga ngethuluzi elihle, elivumelana nezimo futhi elinamandla, elikwazi ukuletha imibono yakho ye-elekthronikhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni. Leli thuluzi yi-I-Arduino. Leli ibhodi lokuthuthukisa i-microcontroller, nakuba lincane ngosayizi, lisebenza ngendlela emangalisayo futhi liguquguquka.
Cabanga nge-Arduino njengebhokisi lamathuluzi e-elekthronikhi eselilungele ukusetshenziswa. Ingabe unombono okhanyayo wegajethi entsha ye-elekthronikhi? I-Arduino ilapha ukuze ikusize ukwenze kwenzeke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukukhanyisa ama-LED, wamukele okokufaka okuvela ezinkinobho, noma ufunde idatha evela kuzinzwa ezihlukahlukene, i-Arduino ingakwenza. Futhi ingxenye engcono kakhulu? Kuyinkundla yomthombo ovulekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungazuza emsebenzini nasemicabangweni yezinkulungwane zabanye abaklami nabathuthukisi abahlanganyele imiklamo yabo namalabhulali.
Inhliziyo ye-Arduino iyona i-microcontroller, uhlobo lwekhompyutha encane esebenzisa ikhodi oyinikezayo. Izinhlobo zama-microcontroller zingahluka, kodwa esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-ARM Cortex. Ngokungafani nekhompyutha egcwele, i-Arduino ayinalo uhlelo lokusebenza. Ikhodi oyibhalayo isebenza ngokuqondile ku-microcontroller, ikunikeza ukulawula okusheshayo nokunemba phezu kwehadiwe.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-Arduino kwenziwa ngolimi lwe-C/C++, kusetshenziswa i-Arduino IDE, ithuluzi lokuthuthukisa eliklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukuhlelwa kwala mabhodi amancane anamandla. Uma kukhulunywa ngalokho okokufaka nokuphumayo, i-Arduino inezikhonkwane zedijithali neze-analog, kanye ne-HDMI, i-USB, nezimbobo zomsindo.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-Arduino isebenzisa amandla aphansi kanye nenkumbulo ye-flash elinganiselwe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kumaphrojekthi adinga ukusebenza okulula kodwa okuphumelelayo. Kumaphrojekthi adinga ukuxhumeka njenge-Ethernet ne-Wi-Fi, mane ungeze amamojula angaphandle ebhodini.
Ekugcineni, i-Arduino ingumpetha weqiniso uma kukhulunywa ngobulula nokusebenza kahle. Noma ngabe ungumfundi othanda ukwazi noma uchwepheshe wezogesi, i-Arduino inokuthile engakunikeza. Izindleko zayo eziphansi kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwayo kuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlola umhlaba othakazelisayo wezinto zikagesi.
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I-Raspberry Pi: I-microcomputer ehlangene esekelwe ku-microprocessor
Cabanga ngekhompyutha encane, usayizi wekhadi lakho lesikweletu, enamandla okuqalisa uguquko lwedijithali. Yilokhu kanye okushiwo yi- Ukusajingijolo Pi. Kuthuthukiswe ngu U-Eben Upton evela eNyuvesi yaseCambridge e-United Kingdom, le khompyutha encane yaklanywa ngenhloso yokufundisa, okuhloswe ngayo ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa amakhono okuhlela emazweni asathuthuka.
I-Raspberry Pi isebenza ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Linux, ngokuqondile kakhulu ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-Raspberry Pi olusekelwe Debian, ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Raspbian OS. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza, oluhlinzekwa nedivayisi, luwuhlelo olusebenza ngokugcwele. Inikeza ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo ngokuvumela ukuhlela ngezilimi eziningi, njenge-C, C++, Python, Java, HTML, nokuningi.
Ngaphandle kokuba ithuluzi lokufunda elimangalisayo, i-Raspberry Pi iphinde yazuza ukuduma phakathi kwama-DIYers, abathanda ukuzilibazisa, nabathandi. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Cabanga ngerobhothi elihlelekayo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu ezizenzelayo, izinhlelo zokuvikela amakhamera, konke okuthuthukiswe ngale khompyutha encane!
I-Raspberry Pi ingaxhunywa kunqwaba yezinto ezizungezile, okuhlanganisa isibonisi, igundane, ikhibhodi nekhamera, okwenza kube lula nakakhulu. Kufana nokuba nekhompyutha ephelele (iprosesa, i-RAM, isitoreji, ihluzo, izixhumi, njll.) ekhadini elilodwa!
I-Raspberry Pi Foundation isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa leli thuluzi, ikhipha izinguqulo ezintsha njalo. Imodeli entsha, i-Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, inikeza amandla namathuba engeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amafayela we-Raspberry Pi hardware design kanye ne-firmware awawona umthombo ovulekile, ngokungafani ne-Arduino.
I-Raspberry Pi, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-titan yangempela yobuchwepheshe, efakazela ukuthi izinto ezinkulu zingafika ngamaphakheji amancane.
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Hlukanisa i-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi
Emhlabeni omkhulu wamakhadi kagesi, amagama amabili agqamayo: I-Arduino et Ukusajingijolo Pi. Lezi ziqhwaga ezimbili ziyafana futhi zihluke kakhulu, futhi ukukhetha phakathi kokubili kuvame ukuvela embuzweni wephrojekthi ethile kanye nezidingo.
Uma sikhuluma Ukusajingijolo Pi, sikhuluma ngeqiniso ikhompuyutha yebhodi elilodwa. Ifaka iphrosesa enamandla, iyakwazi ukusebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza egcwele, efana ne-PC noma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo. Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene, futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okumangazayo ngezinketho ezifana ne-USB, I-HDMI, kanye ne-Ethernet.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-I-Arduino iyikhadi le-microcontroller. Ilula kune-Raspberry Pi, iphrosesa yayo inamandla amancane, kodwa ikhanya ngamandla ayo okulawula ihadiwe. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile imisebenzi edinga ukulawula kwesikhathi sangempela nokusebenzisana nezinzwa nama-actuator. Noma kunjalo, ukuxhumana kwayo kunqunyelwe futhi kuncike kakhulu kumamojula angaphandle.
Ukuze ubonise umehluko, zibone ngeso lengqondo wakha indlu. I-Arduino izofana nonjiniyela wesakhiwo, igxile esicini esibonakalayo sokwakha. I-Raspberry Pi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izoba umakhi, idale ukuklama nokusebenza kwendlu.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha phakathi I-Arduino et Ukusajingijolo Pi kuzoncika kuphrojekthi yakho. Uma udinga ukulawula ihadiwe ngesikhathi sangempela, i-Arduino ingaba yisinqumo sakho esingcono kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga amandla amaningi okucubungula kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi, i-Raspberry Pi ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi la mathuluzi amabili awahlukani. Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa ndawonye, ngayinye iletha amandla ayo kuphrojekthi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukukhetha kwakho, cabanga ngokucophelela ngezidingo zakho ezithile nokuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lingakusiza kanjani ukufeza izinhloso zakho.
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Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Arduino ne-Raspberry Pi: umbuzo wezidingo namaphrojekthi
Kusukela kumalambu akhanyayo ochungechunge lwama-LED kuya enkingeni yerobhothi elizimele, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-elekthronikhi ziyahlukahluka njengamathuluzi ukuzenza zibe ngokoqobo. Phakathi kwazo, I-Arduino et Ukusajingijolo Pi kugqame ngokukhethekile, kodwa ukukhetha phakathi kwalaba badlali ababili abakhulu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Into yokuqala okumele uyiqonde ukuthiI-Arduino iyikhadi le-microcontroller, kuyilapho i- Ukusajingijolo Pi iyikhompyutha yebhodi eyodwa yeqiniso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Raspberry Pi idinga isistimu yokusebenza ukuze isebenze - njengenguqulo ye-Linux ehlutshiwe - kuyilapho i-Arduino izenzela ngekhodi yomthombo kanambambili ehlanganisiwe.
Cabanga nge-Arduino njengomdlali wasemgwaqweni onethalente, okwazi ukujuba amabhola ngobuchule noma amathoshi avuthayo. I-Raspberry Pi ikhetha ukuba ngumbhidisi we-orchestra, ekwazi ukuxhumanisa inani elikhulu labaculi ukuze bakhiqize i-symphony eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ijubane lewashi le-Arduino lingu-16 MHz, lanele imisebenzi elula, ephindaphindayo njengokulawula izinzwa noma ama-LED. Ngokuphambene, i-Raspberry Pi, enejubane layo lewashi elizungeze i-1,2 GHz, iyakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, efana namarobhothi, ukudlala ividiyo, nokusebenzisana kwekhamera.
Zombili zinezikhonkwane ze-GPIO zokuxhuma izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, kodwa i-Arduino izibiza ngokuthi i-Digital IO ne-Analog IN, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi ine-GPIO engamaphini angu-40, ehlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulu.
I-Arduino ingangeza ukusebenza okuthile isebenzisa izihlangu ze-Arduino, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi ikwazi ukwamukela amadivayisi angeziwe njengezikrini zokuthinta, i-GPS, noma amaphaneli e-RGB. Mayelana nekhodi, i-Arduino isebenzisa i-Arduino IDE, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi ingasebenzisa i-Python IDLE, i-Eclipse IDE, noma amanye ama-IDE ahambisana ne-Linux.
Kodwa-ke, i-Arduino inenzuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Inganikwa amandla ngokuqondile embotsheni ye-USB yekhompyutha, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi idinga amandla engeziwe futhi kufanele inikezwe amandla ngokufanele ukuze igweme ukulimala kwehadiwe.
Ekugcineni, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Raspberry Pi ne-Arduino kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi. I-Arduino inconywa kumaphrojekthi aqalayo kanye ne-prototyping ye-elekthronikhi esheshayo, kuyilapho i-Raspberry Pi inconywa kumaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu futhi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ngakho-ke, umbuzo awukona ngempela ukuthi iyiphi engcono, kodwa kunalokho ikuphi okufanelekela izidingo zakho ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ingabe uyi-juggler noma umqhubi?
I-Arduino ibhodi lokuthuthukisa i-microcontroller elisetshenziselwa imisebenzi elula, izilawuli, izinhlelo ezishumekiwe, izinzwa kanye namarobhothi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iRaspberry Pi, iyikhompyutha enebhodi elilodwa esetshenziselwa ukufunda izinhlelo zekhompyutha.
I-Arduino kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ishibhile kune-Raspberry Pi. Iphinde ifaneleke kakhulu imisebenzi edinga ukulawula kwesikhathi sangempela nokusebenzisana nezinzwa nama-actuator.
I-Raspberry Pi ineprosesa enamandla kakhulu futhi ingasebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza egcwele. Iphinde inikeze izinketho eziningi zokuxhumana, njenge-USB, i-HDMI ne-Ethernet, futhi ifaneleka kangcono emisebenzini edinga amandla amaningi okucubungula nokusebenzisa isofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi.
