I-IR 15 ) Est ulwimi olufileyo qui yayithethwa kwiAntiquity eMazantsi eMesopotamiya. Yena Est ngolo hlobo ulwimi oluthethwayo Sumer kwi-IVs e et III e kwiwaka leminyaka BC J.
...
eSumeri .
uhlawula | Sumer , Akkad Empire |
Region | IMesopotamiya (i-Iraq yangoku) |
I-Typology | I-SOV, i-agglutinating, i-actance fracture |
Ukubhala | Cuneiform |
Ukwahlula-hlulwa kosapho |
---|
Okanye ibekwe phi iSumer? Ifumaneka kumazantsi eIraq yanamhlanje, Sumer kunjalo ummandla weMesopotamiya yamandulo, ibinzana elithetha: "ilizwe lemilambo", elisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi meso, (phakathi), kunye ne-potamos (umlambo).
Luluphi unqulo lwamaSumeri?
Les AmaSumeri waba ne inkolo uhlobo lwamakholwa amaninzi. Izithixo zikhangeleka kwaye zihlala ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo nabantu. Izithixo AmaSumeri anjalo abadali behlabathi nabantu. Umsebenzi wokugqibela wokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla koothixo.
Yiyiphi impucuko yokuqala ehlabathini?
Yonke le nto yaqala eMesopotamiya, kunye impucuko yokuqala ezibonakalayo. Iza emva kweYiputa, apho i impucuko yavela malunga ne-3 BC. Enye imbalasane kwintshona yeMeditera, i impucuko ebizwa ngokuba yi "Minoan", ebonayo le Usuku eKrete kwiminyaka eliwaka kamva.
Ziziphi iimpucuko eziye zaphawula imbali yoluntu?
- Isibhozo impucuko ukuzimela stoire . Sibhozo impucuko ukuzimela kuvele.
- Les impucuko I-Sumeri, iYiputa, iSabaean kunye ne-Indus. ...
- Les impucuko IsiTshayina kunye namaNdiya. ...
- Les impucuko Olmec kunye Caral.
Aphi amacwecwe aseSumeri?
Impucuko ehlala ingaqondakali
Les Iipilisi zaseSumeri udongwe, olwafunyanwa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-2.000 kwiIraq yanamhlanje, lubalisa ibali elifanayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba bangcwatywa malunga ne-XNUMX BC, kodwa iinyani abazichazayo sont kakuhle ngaphambi kweli xesha.
Ngubani igama lothixo waseSumer?
Igama lesithixo saseSumeri uEnki linokwahlulwa libe yiSumeri phakathi kwe "Nkosi" kunye ne-ki, ehlala iguqulelwa ngokuthi "uMhlaba", kodwa eneneni ibhekisa ku "Ngezantsi", umhlaba ophantsi komhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba. , iqabane leZulu. (i).
Ngubani owayila ukubhala?
Kuya kubonakala ngathiyokubhala yavela eMesopotamia (ngoku eyi-Iraq kunye neendawo eziyingqongileyo) ngo-3400 BC. Ezi zikwimimandla emibini qui yiqambe, iAkkad kunye neSumer, eyayiza kuzalwa iindlela zokuqala zopelo okanye iziseko zenkqubo yokuqala yeyokubhala ebizwa ngokuba yi-cuneiform.
Luluphi unqulo lwabemi baseMesopotamiya?
Ngokuqhelekileyo oothixo be-anthropomorphic
Abemi base eMesopotamiya abantu abaninzi. Ukuba sijonga iindlela ezithile zolungelelwaniso phakathi kwezithixo zaseSumeri kunye nezase-Akkadian, akukho pantheon emiselweyo kuwo wonke lo mmandla.
Ngubani ophethe uluntu lwaseSumeri?
Aba banentlangano yentlalontle elawulwa ngukumkani nombingeleli. I AmaSumeri yayinobugcisa obuhle kakhulu bezolimo, idolophu nganye yayinenkokeli yayo kwaye izimele. I AmaSumeri, wanyusa amadini, wabingelela koothixo.
Ngubani onyamekela unqulo eMesopotamiya?
Eneneni, zijongwa njengabalamleli phakathi kwabemi noothixo. U-Enlil ungomnye wezithixo eziphambili ze Unqulo lwaseMesopotamiya. Ugqalwa njengokumkani woothixo, isithixo esiphezulu sezithixo Mesopotamiya.
Ngoobani abantu bokuqala?
Kwiminyaka ezi-2,5 yezigidi eyadlulayo, iHomo habilis yavela eMzantsi Afrika.Est : vs 'Est uhlobo lokuqala lomntu. Igama lakhe lithetha “umntu olichule” kuba wenza izixhobo ezilula. Kwiminyaka eyi-1,8 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwavela umntu omtsha: Homo erectus.
Yeyiphi impucuko yokuqala eyabonwa lihlabathi elidala?
La impucuko yokuqala yembali yoluntu wazalelwa eMesopotamiya kwi-XNUMX leminyaka BC, kwi crescent echumileyo ukuba inabe phakathi kwemilambo emibini, iTigris kunye umEfrate. AmaSumeri aphuhlisa aqaqambileyo impucuko kwaye uqambe i inkulumbuso inkqubo yokubhala: ukubhala ngoonobumba abatsobhileyo.
Bubuphi ubukumkani bokuqala emhlabeni?
Intoni Est ihlala iqwalaselwa inkulumbuso ubukhosi bembali, uBukhosi baseAkkad.
Zeziphi iimpucuko ezinkulu zehlabathi lamandulo?
Abanye iimpucuko ezinkulu de l ' Izinto zakudala zadityaniswa kufuphi noLwandle lweMeditera:
- iMesopotamiya (amaSumeri, amaBhabhiloni nama-Asiriya);
- amaYiputa;
- amaGrike;
- amaRoma.
- abantu baseCarthage.
Yeyiphi eyona mpucuko inkulu?
Ubukhosi baseRoma Est Yaziwa njengeyona kunye ububanzi kunye kunye enamandla impucuko IYurophu xa ithelekiswa nexesha layo. Emva kweeMfazwe zePunic, yayisele isele enkulu kakhulu ubukhosi beplanethi kodwa yaqhubeka nokwanda kwayo ngokuhlonyelwa kweGrisi neAsia Minor. Ngo-27 BC
Yeyiphi impucuko eyahlala ixesha elide?
Ngokutsho kweli nqaku: “I-China ineyona mbali inde yembali yalo naliphi na ilizwe emhlabeni-iminyaka engama-3,500 yembali ebhaliweyo. "VS'Estoko kukuthi, iChina ine kunye imbali ende eqhubekayo yawo onke amazwe ehlabathi, iminyaka engama-3 yembali ebhaliweyo.
Ngubani owaguqulela amacwecwe aseSumeri?
Zazibhalwe ngolwimi lwaseSumeri ngoko iguqulelwe ngesiAkkadian (ulwimi lokuqala lwamaSemite) nezinye iilwimi zamandulo. Nale mibhalo, qui zingaphezu kwamawaka amathandathu eminyaka ubudala, zibhekisa “kwiincwadi” ezilahlekileyo (imibhalo ebhalwe kwi iipilisi Ilitye).
Wayengubani uEnki?
Thixo wamanzi, Enki-Eya Est kwanemithombo nemilambo. Le nto idlala indima enkulu kumazwi omlingo, iba yinkosi yomlingo kunye nomxhasi wabakhupheli bemimoya, qui babhengeze ukuba basebenza phantsi kolawulo lwakhe. Wadlulisela isayensi yakhe kunyana wakhe uMarduk, qui ubhenela kuye kwiimeko ezinzima.
Ngoobani ooEnki?
Enki ngoyena thixo ungoyena ubalulekileyo kwabathathu bothixo ongubathathu emnye wecosmic waseMesopotamiya, abanye ababini nguAnu noEnlil. Ivela kwimibhalo yokuqala eyaziwayo yaseSumeri. Isithethe sama-Asiriya neBhabhiloni siyinika igama elithi Ea. ... Thixo wamanzi, Enki-I-Ea ikwayileyo yemithombo nemilambo.
Luluphi unqulo lwamaSumer?
Les AmaSumeri waba ne inkolo uhlobo lwamakholwa amaninzi. Izithixo zikhangeleka kwaye zihlala ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo nabantu. Izithixo AmaSumeri anjalo abadali behlabathi nabantu.
Ngubani uthixo uEnlil?
Ukumkani woothixo, uthixo wekamva kunye nobukhosi, uthixo womoya (?) enlil (ngeSumerian), ʿĒllil okanye ʿĪlu (ngesiAkkadian), Est omnye woothixo abakhulu bonqulo lwamandulo lwaseMesopotamiya.
Kwaqala phi yaye nini ukubhala?
Ukubaukubhala kuyazalwa eMesopotamiya, abanye abantu bavelisa eyabo inkqubo yeyokubhala ngaphantsi kweenkulungwane ezimbini kamva. Malunga ne-3200-3000 BC, amaJiphutha avelisa i-hieroglyphics, awayilanda kwipapyrus okanye kwimisongo yesikhumba.
Ngubani owasungula ukubhala kwesiFrentshi?
Aba ngamaFenike qui zikwimvelaphi yealfabhethi esiyisebenzisa kuyo français. Ialfabhethi yethu yialfabhethi yesiLatini qui ngumxube wezibhalo zesiSemitic, isiGrike kunye ne-Etruscan.
Kwakutheni ukuze kuzalwe ukubhala?
L 'ukubhala kuyazalwa yesidingo. … VS'ngoba kutheni, imibhalo yokuqala ingaphezulu okanye incinci imizobo eyenziwe lula emele izinto okanye izilwanyana (pictograms) okanye iimpawu zokubala.