Anton Gildebrand
Ngaba ujonge eyona nkqubo isebenzayo yekhompyuter yakho? Musa ukukhangela kwakhona ! Kweli nqaku, sinikezela kuwe iinkqubo ezili-10 ezilungileyo eziya kuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zakho.
Ukuba unjalo umntu oqalayo okanye onamava, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufumana eyona ifanele ulindelo lwakho.
Ukusuka kwi-Ubuntu kunye ne-MacOS ukuya kwi-Fedora kunye ne-Solaris, siza kukubonisa izibonelelo ezizodwa kunye neempawu zenkqubo nganye yokusebenza. Ke lungela ukuphonononga ilizwe elinomdla leenkqubo zokusebenza kwaye wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwekhompyuter yakho.
Masikukhokele kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufumane leyo ikulungeleyo. Landela isikhokelo kwiinkqubo ezili-10 ezilungileyo zokusebenza kwikhompyuter yakho!
Uluhlu lwangaphakathi
1. Ubuntu: Inkqubo yokusebenza elungele wonke umntu
Ubuntu ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo nezisetyenziswayo kwiLinux esasazwayo kwihlabathi. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka kuyenza ifaneleke kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi, nokuba ngamashishini, amaziko emfundo okanye abantu. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngokulula kunye nobuhlobo bomsebenzisi zizinto eziphambili ezenza ukuba zibe nomtsalane kuzo zombini iingcali zetekhnoloji kunye neenovice zekhompyuter.
Ubuntu buxhaswa kwaye buphuhliswe yiCanonical, inkampani yesoftware eyaziwayo kwihlabathi. Oku kuqinisekisa abasebenzisi bayo inkxaso eyomeleleyo yobugcisa kunye nokuhlaziya rhoqo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.
Xa kufikwa kukhuseleko, Ubuntu bukwahambisa. Iza ixhotyiswe nge-firewall eyomeleleyo kunye ne-antivirus eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ukukhusela abasebenzisi kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Ukongeza, Ubuntu bufumaneka ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo ezingama-50, ezithetha ngokufumaneka kunye nokufikeleleka kubaphulaphuli behlabathi.
Ubuntu bukwaphawulwa luluntu olusebenzayo noluzinikeleyo lwabasebenzisi. Olu luntu lunegalelo ekuphuculweni okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo kwaye lunikezela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kubasebenzisi abatsha. Nokuba ufuna inkqubo yokusebenza yeshishini lakho, isikolo, okanye ukusetyenziswa kwakho, Ubuntu ngokuqinisekileyo lukhetho olufanele ukuqwalaselwa.
- Ubuntu yinkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux elungele zonke iintlobo zabasebenzisi.
- Ixhaswa yinkampani yesoftware yeCanonical, iqinisekisa inkxaso eqinileyo yobugcisa.
- Ixhotyiswe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko olomeleleyo, kubandakanya i-firewall kunye ne-antivirus.
- Ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezingama-50, iqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kwehlabathi.
- Uluntu olusebenzayo noluzinikeleyo lwabasebenzisi ukulungiselela ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo kunye nenkxaso yabasebenzisi abatsha.
2. IMacOS: Inkqubo ye-Apple ekhethekileyo
iMacOS ingaphezulu nje kwenkqubo yokusebenza; yeyona ntliziyo yazo zonke iikhompyuter ze-Apple, izisa amava ohlobo olulodwa kubasebenzisi bayo. Iyilwe yaphuhliswa ngu iapile, enye yeenkokeli zehlabathi kwezobuchwepheshe, i-MacOS yangena kwimarike kwi-1998 kwaye sele ifumene uchungechunge lophuculo olubalulekileyo kunye nohlaziyo. Inguqulelo yamva nje, iMacOS iyeza, bubungqina boku kuzinikela okuqhubekayo ekugqweseni.
IMacOS igqame ngothotho lweempawu ezikrelekrele kunye nentsha. Ezi ziquka i-Smart Search, ebonelela ngokukhawuleza nangokulula ukufikelela kwiifayile ezithile kunye nezicelo. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-imeyile okucwangcisiweyo lolunye uphawu olubalaseleyo, oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bacwangcise unxibelelwano lwabo ukuba luthunyelwe ngexesha elithile. Okokugqibela, ukukhangela imifanekiso yewebhu ngeSpotlight sisixhobo esinamandla esenza kube lula ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezibonakalayo kwi-Intanethi.
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, i-macOS ixatyiswa ngakumbi ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nojongano olubonakalayo. Inkqubo yokusebenza yenzelwe ukuhambisa amava agudileyo kwaye angenamthungo, kunye notshintsho olugudileyo phakathi kwezicelo kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa okwenza ukuba ikhompyuter ifikeleleke kuye wonke umntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kumgangatho wezakhono.
- IMacOS yinkqubo yeApple ekhethekileyo, ebonelela ngamava awodwa kubasebenzisi bayo.
- Ibonelela ngothotho lweempawu ezikrelekrele, kubandakanya ukukhangela ngobuchule, ukuthumela i-imeyile ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokukhangela umfanekiso wewebhu ngeSpotlight.
- IMacOS yamkelwa ngobuhle bayo kunye nojongano olubonakalayo, ibonelela ngamava omsebenzisi agudileyo kwaye kulula ukufikelela kuwo.
3. I-Fedora: I-OS ye-Enterprise Work Environment
Iyaziwa ngokomelela kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo, Fedora igqame njengenkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwi-Linux ehlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza zeshishini. Udumo lwayo aludluli kwiingcali ezinamava kuphela, kodwa nakubafundi abajonge ukufunda ukuba isebenza njani inkqubo yokusebenza yobuchwephesha.
Ixhotyiswe nge-suite epheleleyo yezixhobo ezivulekileyo, i-Fedora inikezela ngeseti ecebileyo, eyenza kube lula ukufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ukusuka kulawulo lweefayile ukuya kwiprogram. Ikwabonelela ngenkxaso eyiyo yezixhobo ezinamandla ze-virtualization, okwenza le nkqubo yokusebenza ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezifuna iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ukuba zisebenze ngaxeshanye.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-Fedora ihlaziywa rhoqo ngeenguqulelo zamva nje ze-Linux kernel, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bazuze kwinkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe. Uluntu lwayo olusebenzayo lwabasebenzisi kunye nabaphuhlisi nabo banegalelo ekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo kwaye inika uncedo oluxabisekileyo kubantu abatsha.
- Fedora yinkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux eyilelwe iindawo zokusebenza zeshishini.
- Iyathandwa phakathi kwabafundi kunye neengcali ngokufanayo, enkosi kuluhlu lwayo olubanzi lwezixhobo ezivulelekileyo.
- I-Fedora ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinamandla ze-virtualization, ezenza ukuba zilungele iindawo ezifuna iinkqubo ezininzi zokusebenza ukuba zisebenze ngaxeshanye.
- Inkqubo ihlaziywa rhoqo kunye neenguqulelo zamva nje ze-Linux kernel, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi bayaxhamla kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje.
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4. I-Solaris: Inkqubo yokuSebenza ye-UNIX ephezulu
I-Solaris, ephuhliswe yi-Sun Microsystems, yinkqubo enamandla esekelwe kwi-UNIX. Igqamile kukhuphiswano kunye neempawu zayo eziphambili kunye nezinto ezintsha ezifana Dtrace, I-ZFS et Isilayidi sexesha. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngenqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili lolawulo kunye nokuguquguquka, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba babeke iliso kwaye bahlalutye ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngexesha langempela, balawule iinkqubo zefayile ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye babuyisele iinguqulelo zangaphambili zeefayile ngokulula.
Ukongeza, uSolaris ugxininisa ukhuseleko. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo zokhuseleko ezikumgangatho wehlabathi, ziqinisekisa ubumfihlo, imfezeko kunye nokufumaneka kwedatha. Kubasebenzi be-IT kunye namashishini alawula inani elikhulu ledatha ebuthathaka, iSolaris lukhetho olunomtsalane.
ISolaris ikwakhanya kwindawo yeenkonzo zewebhu kunye nogcino-lwazi. Ngokukwazi kwayo okungenamkhawulo wokulawula iinkqubo zefayile kunye nedathabheyisi, yenza ngokukodwa ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezinkulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Nokuba ungumlawuli wedatha, injineli yenethiwekhi, okanye umphuhlisi wewebhu, uSolaris unento anokuyinika.
- I-Solaris yinkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwi-UNIX eyenziwe yi-Sun Microsystems.
- Iza kunye neempawu eziphambili ezifana ne-Dtrace, i-ZFS kunye ne-Time Slider.
- ISolaris yamkelwa ngeenkonzo zayo zokhuseleko ezikumgangatho wehlabathi.
- Ilungele iinkonzo zewebhu kunye nogcino-lwazi kumbulelo kumandla ayo angenamkhawulo wokulawula iinkqubo zefayile kunye nogcino-lwazi.
- I-Solaris lukhetho oluqinileyo kwiingcali ze-IT.
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5. I-CentOs: Ukhetho oluKhethekileyo lwabaPhuhlisi
CentOs, isifinyezo se INkqubo yokuSebenza koShishino loLuntu, yinkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwi-Linux eyaziwa ngokubanzi ngabaphuhlisi kwihlabathi jikelele. Kutheni kukho umdla onjalo? Ewe, i-CentOs iyaziwa ngokubonelela ngeekhowudi kunye neqonga eliqinileyo nelithembekileyo lokwakha, ukuvavanya, kunye nokukhulula ikhowudi yabo.
I-CentOs iza nenethiwekhi ephucukileyo, ukuhambelana, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko, ziyenza ibe lolona khetho luphezulu kubaphuhlisi. Ibalasele kuzinzo lwayo olukhethekileyo, oluluphawu olubalulekileyo kuye nabani na osebenza kuphuhliso lwesoftware. Olunye uphawu olubalaseleyo lwe-CentOs luluntu lwabasebenzisi olusebenzayo nolunomdla. Abasebenzisi be-CentOs bahlala bebelana ngolwazi kunye namava abo, bebonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwabo badibana neengxaki okanye bafuna ukuphucula izakhono zabo.
Ukongeza, i-CentOs idume ngohlaziyo lwayo lokhuseleko rhoqo kunye nobomi obude benkxaso. Ngoko ke ifanelekile kwiindawo ezifuna ukuzinza okuphezulu kunye nokhuseleko olwandisiweyo.
- I-CentOs yinkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kumthombo weLinux ehlala icetyiswa ngabaphuhlisi.
- Inika uthungelwano oluphambili, ukuhambelana, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko, iyenza ibe lolona khetho luphezulu kubaphuhlisi.
- I-CentOs yamkelwa ngozinzo lwayo olukhethekileyo kunye noluntu lwayo olusebenzayo nolunomdla.
- I-CentOs idume ngohlaziyo lwayo lokhuseleko rhoqo kunye nobomi obude benkxaso.
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6. I-Debian: Inkqubo yokusebenza yeLinux esebenziseka lula kwaye enamandla
Debian est un Inkqubo yokusebenza esekwe kwiLinux, idume ngokomelela nokuthembeka kwayo. Idityaniswe kwangaphambili, ibonelela ngofakelo olulula, nakwiziqalo zekhompyuter. Oku kulula ukufakela, kudityaniswa nojongano lomsebenzisi olubonakalayo, kwenza iDebian ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwabo bathatha amanyathelo abo okuqala kwindalo yeLinux.
Ngokwendlela yokusebenza, iDebian igqamile kwezinye iinkqubo zeLinux ngesantya sayo. Yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwezixhobo zenkqubo, ekuvumela ukuba ukonwabele amava okukhangela agudileyo kwaye akhawulezayo. Le yinzuzo enkulu kubasebenzisi abasebenza kwiiprojekthi ezifuna amandla amaninzi okusebenza.
Ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, iDebian ayinjalo. Iphiwe ngayo firewall eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi ukukhusela idatha yakho yexabiso. Eli nqaku, kunye nohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo lokhuseleko, lubonelela ngokhuseleko oluluqilima kwizoyikiso ezinokubakho, okwenza i-Debian ibe lukhetho olukhuselekileyo kubasebenzisi abaqaphela ukhuseleko.
- I-Debian yinkqubo eyomeleleyo nethembekileyo yeLinux ekulula ukuyifaka nokuyisebenzisa.
- Inika ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nosetyenziso oluphuculweyo lwemithombo yenkqubo.
- Ixhotyiswe ngee-firewall ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nohlaziyo oluqhelekileyo lokhuseleko lokhuseleko olululo kwizisongelo.
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7. IiWindows: I-interface ecacileyo kunye nethandwayo
IiWindows, eziphuhliswe zaza zasasazwa nguMicrosoft, zidume ngazo ujongano lomsebenzisi olubonakalayo noludumileyo. Ukuthandwa kwayo kunokunxulunyaniswa nokulula kwayo ukusetyenziswa okuhambelana nazo zonke iintlobo zabasebenzisi ukusuka kwi-novices ukuya kwiingcali ze-IT.
Ngokokhuseleko, iWindows ibonelela iitekhnoloji zoqinisekiso lwezinto ezininzi, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluluqilima lwedatha kunye nolwazi lomntu. Olu phawu luluncedo kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ledijithali apho i-cybersecurity yeyona nto ixhalabisayo.
Olunye uphawu olumangalisayo lweWindows kukukwazi kwayo ukwenza cinezela ngokuzenzekelayo iifayile zenkqubo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa indawo yokugcina, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokusebenza.
IiWindows nazo zinento ebizwa ngokuba yi Ukujonga Imisebenzi, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe ngokulula phakathi kweendawo ezininzi zokusebenza. Eli nqaku lilungele abasebenzisi bemisebenzi emininzi abafuna ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye.
- IWindows yaziwa ngojongano lwayo lomsebenzisi olusebenzayo noludumileyo, olulungele abasebenzisi bazo zonke iintlobo.
- Inika itekhnoloji yokuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezininzi zokhuseleko oluluqilima lwedatha.
- IWindows inamandla okucinezela iifayile zenkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo, ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo yokugcina.
- Windows Task View iluncedo ngakumbi kubasebenzisi bemisebenzi emininzi, ebavumela ukuba batshintshe ngokulula phakathi kweendawo ezininzi zokusebenza.
| Windows | Umhla wokukhupha |
| 1.0 Windows | 20 novembre 1985 |
| IWindows 2.x | 1 novembre 1987 |
| IWindows 3.x | 22 mai 1990 |
| 95 Windows | Nge-24 ka-Agasti ka-1995 |
| XP Windows | 25 octobre 2001 |
| Vista Windows | 30 janvier 2007 |
| 7 Windows | July 21 2009 |
| 8 Windows | 26 octobre 2012 |
| 10 Windows | July 29 2015 |
| 11 Windows | 24 juin 2021 |
8. I-Kali Linux: I-distro egxile kukhuseleko
Kwindawo yesibhozo, sinayo Kali Linux, Unikezelo lwe-GNU/Linux olwayilwa ngokukodwa ngogxininiso kukhuseleko. Ukusukela kwiingcambu ezomeleleyo zikaDebian, iKali Linux ithathe indawo njengeqonga lokusika lokuvavanywa kokungena kunye nophicotho lokhuseleko. Olu nikezelo, luxhotyiswe nge-arsenal yeenkqubo ezinikezelweyo ezingaphezu kwama-600, lukhuseleko lokwenene lwabasebenzi bokhuseleko lwekhompyuter.
Ukongeza kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo, iKali Linux iyakwazi ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Abasebenzisi banokuhlengahlengisa imeko yedesktop ngokwezinto abazithandayo, okwenza iKali Linux ingabi namandla nje kuphela, kodwa iphinde ibe bhetyebhetye. Ngaphezu koko, ibonelela ngokuhambelana okubanzi kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zehardware, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa amava omsebenzisi agudileyo.
Enye inzuzo yeKali Linux kukuzibophelela kwayo kumthombo ovulekileyo woluntu. Inika ukufikelela simahla kwilayibrari yayo enkulu yezibonelelo, kubandakanya inyathelo ngenyathelo tutorials kunye nezikhokelo ukunceda abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo lokhuseleko lwekhompyuter. Kungenxa yoko le nto iKali Linux ihlala ilukhetho olukhethwayo lweengcali zokhuseleko kunye nabathanda itekhnoloji abafuna ukwenza nzulu ulwazi lwabo kweli candelo.
- I-Kali Linux yi-distro egxile kukhuseleko kunye novavanyo lokungena olungaphezulu kwe-600 kunye nezixhobo zokuphicotha ukhuseleko.
- Inika ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso, kunye nokuhambelana okubanzi kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zehardware.
- I-Kali Linux izinikele kumthombo ovulekileyo woluntu, ukubonelela ngokufikelela simahla kubutyebi bezibonelelo zemfundo.
9. I-Chrome OS: Imveliso kaGoogle esekelwe kwi-Linux kernel
I-Chrome OS, isoftware kaGoogle yeflegi, ixhomekeke kwiLinux kernel ukubonelela ngamava omsebenzisi aphuculweyo. Ngojongano lwayo oluphambili olusekwe kwisiphequluli seChrome, esaziwa ngesantya kunye nokulula, i-Chrome OS igqame ngokukhululeka kwayo ekusebenziseni kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo ngokungenamthungo kunye ne-Google ecosystem.
Enye yamandla amakhulu e-Chrome OS kukukwazi ukubonelela ngokufikelela kwizicelo ezikude kunye needesktops ezibonakalayo. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwiingcali ekuhambeni okanye abafundi abafuna ukufikelela kumsebenzi wabo nanini na, naphi na.
Kodwa i-Chrome OS ayiphelelanga kule nto. Ikwavumela usetyenziso lweLinux kwaye iyahambelana nazo zonke izicelo ze-Android. Nokuba ungumphuhlisi ojonge ukuvavanya iiapps zakho okanye umsebenzisi we-Android ojonge ukonwabela iiapps zakho ozithandayo kwiscreen esikhulu, iChrome OS ikugqumile.
Ngenxa yoku, iChrome OS ibonelela ngamava omsebenzisi angcono kubasebenzisi bakaGoogle. Idibanisa ukulula kunye nesantya seChrome kunye nokuguquguquka kunye namandla e-Linux kernel, zonke zisetyenziswe ngokulula kunye nephakheji enokwenziwa ngokwezifiso.
- I-Chrome OS isekwe kwi-Linux kernel, eyinika ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunye nokwanda kwamandla.
- Isebenzisa isikhangeli seChrome njengojongano lwayo oluphambili, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngamava omsebenzisi akhawulezayo nalula.
- I-Chrome OS inikeza ukufikelela kwizicelo ezikude kunye needesktops ezibonakalayo, into ebalulekileyo kwiingcali kunye nabafundi.
- Ivumela usetyenziso lweLinux kwaye iyahambelana nazo zonke izicelo ze-Android, iyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kubaphuhlisi be-Android kunye nabasebenzisi.
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Ii-FAQ & nemibuzo yabasebenzisi
Ezona nkqubo zili-10 eziphezulu zokusebenza zekhompyutha zi-Ubuntu, MacOS, Fedora, Solaris, CentOS, Debian, Windows, Kali Linux kunye neChrome OS.
