✔️ 2022-09-01 06:19:44 - Paris/France.
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NgoSeptemba 1, 2022 GMT
https://apnews.com/article/technology-police-california-arkansas-d395409ef5a8c6c3f6cdab5b1d0e27ef
Iiarhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho, ukusuka kwidolophu yaseMazantsi eCalifornia ukuya emaphandleni kuMantla eCarolina, zisebenzisa isixhobo sokulandela umkhondo weselfowuni, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwewaranti yokukhangela, ebanika amandla okulandelela iintshukumo zabantu emva kweenyanga, ngokweerekhodi zoluntu kunye nee-imeyile zangaphakathi ezifunyenwe yi-Associated. Cinezela.
Amapolisa asebenzise i-'Fog Reveal' ukukhangela amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeerekhodi kwizixhobo eziphathwayo ezizizigidi ezingama-250 kwaye agrumba idatha ukwenza uhlalutyo lwendawo ezaziwa kunyanzeliso lomthetho 'njengeepatheni zobomi.
Ithengiswa yi-Virginia-based Fog Data Science LLC, i-Fog Reveal isetyenziswe ukususela ubuncinane kwi-2018 kuphando lolwaphulo-mthetho olususela ekubulaweni komongikazi e-Arkansas ukulandelela iintshukumo zomntu onokuthi athathe inxaxheba kwi-insurgency kaJanuwari 6. eCapitol. Isixhobo asifane, ukuba sikhe sakhankanywa kwiirekhodi zenkundla, apho amagqwetha akhuselayo athi yenza kube nzima kubo ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo abathengi babo kwiimeko apho iteknoloji isetyenziswe khona.
Le nkampani yaphuhliswa ngamagosa amabini aphezulu eSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe phantsi kowayesakuba nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush. Ixhomekeke kwiinombolo zeSazisi zentengiso, athi amagosa eNkungu atsalwe kwii-apps eziphathwayo ezithandwayo ezifana neWaze, iStarbucks kunye namakhulukhulu ezinye ezijolise kwiintengiso ezisekwe kwintshukumo kunye nentshukumo, umdla womntu, ngokwee-imeyile zamapolisa. Olu lwazi luthengiswa kwiinkampani ezifana neNkungu.
"Luhlobo lwenkqubo yokubeka iliso kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali," utshilo uBennett Cyphers, umcebisi okhethekileyo kwi-Electronic Frontier Foundation, iqela ledijithali lokuxhasa ubumfihlo.
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Eli bali, elixhaswa yiPulitzer Centre for Crisis Reporting, liyinxalenye yochungechunge oluqhubekayo lwe-Associated Press, "Ukulandelela," ephanda amandla kunye nemiphumo yezigqibo ezenziwe nge-algorithms kubomi bemihla ngemihla yabantu.
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Amaxwebhu kunye nee-imeyile zifunyenwe yi-EFF ngezicelo zoMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi. Iqela labelane ngeefayile kunye ne-AP, eyafumanisa ngokuzimeleyo ukuba iFog ithengise isoftware yayo malunga nezivumelwano ezingama-40 kwiiarhente eziphantse zibe mbini, ngokutsho kweGovSpend, inkampani elandelela inkcitho karhulumente. Iifayile ze-AP kunye neengxelo zibonelela nge-akhawunti yokuqala yoluntu yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweFog Reveal ngamapolisa asekuhlaleni, ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi kunye neengcali zomthetho eziphonononga ezo teknoloji.
"Unyanzeliso lomthetho lwasekhaya luphambili kumatyala okurhweba ngabantu ngokurhweba ngabantu abalahlekileyo, kodwa la masebe ahlala esemva ekwamkeleni itekhnoloji," utshilo iqabane elilawulayo leNkungu uMatthew Broderick kwingxelo. “Sivala isikhewu kumasebe angafumani nkxaso-mali yaneleyo kunye nabasebenzi abambalwa. »
Ngenxa yemfihlo ejikeleze iNkungu, nangona kunjalo, kukho iinkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye uninzi lweearhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho aziyi kuxoxa ngayo, iphakamisa inkxalabo phakathi kwabameli babucala ukuba iphula isiHlomelo seSine kuMgaqo-siseko wase-US, okhusela ukukhangela okungekho ngqiqweni kunye nokuhlutha. .
Yintoni emisela inkungu Reveal ngaphandle kwezinye iteknoloji yokulandelela cell phone esetyenziswa ngokuthotyelwa komthetho kukuba umkhondo izixhobo IDs zabo Intengiso, amanani ezizodwa eyabelwe isixhobo ngasinye. Ezi nombolo azinalo igama lomsebenzisi wefowuni, kodwa zinokulandelelwa kumakhaya nakwiindawo zokusebenza ukunceda amapolisa enze uhlalutyo lwendlela yokuphila.
“Isakhono awayenaso sokuphakamisa nabani na kwindawo, nokuba kusesidlangalaleni okanye ekhaya, kwandibetha njengokwaphulwa okucacileyo kweSihlomelo seSine,” utshilo uDavin Hall, owayesakuba ngumphathi wohlalutyo lwedatha yolwaphulo-mthetho eGreensboro. , iSebe lamaPolisa aseNorth Carolina. “Ndiziva ndinomsindo, ndingcatshiwe kwaye ndiyaxoka. »
IHolo yarhoxa ngasekupheleni kuka-2020 emva kweenyanga zokuphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweSebe leNkungu kumagqwetha amapolisa nakwibhunga lesixeko.
Ngelixa amagosa aseGreensboro evuma ukusetyenziswa kweFog kwaye amkhusela ekuqaleni, isebe lamapolisa lathi livumele ukubhaliswa kwakhe ukuba kuphele ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kuba akazange "azuze ngokuzimeleyo kuphando".
Kodwa i-federal, urhulumente, kunye neearhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kulo lonke elase-United States ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iFog ngokuphendula okuncinci kuluntu. Amasebe amapolisa asekuhlaleni aphumelele ngokufikeleleka kweFog: inokuqala ukusuka kwi-7 yeedola ngonyaka. Kwaye amanye amasebe anikezela ngelayisenisi ukuba abelane ngokufikelela kunye nezinye ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ezikufutshane, ii-imeyile zibonisa.
Ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho nazo ziyayixabisa indlela abanokufikelela ngokukhawuleza ngayo kulwazi lwendawo yeFog. Iziqinisekiso ze-Geofence, ezisebenzisa i-GPS kunye neminye imithombo yokulandelela isixhobo, inokufumaneka ngokufumana le datha kwiinkampani ezifana neGoogle okanye i-Apple. Oku kufuna ukuba amapolisa afumane iwaranti kwaye abuze iinkampani zetekhnoloji ngedatha ethile eziyifunayo, ezinokuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki.
Ukusebenzisa idatha yeFog, ethi inkampani ayichazwanga, amapolisa angenza i-geolocate indawo okanye enze uphando esebenzisa iinombolo ze-ID zesixhobo esithile, phantsi kwesivumelwano kunye nokusetyenziswa okufunyenwe yi-AP. Kodwa i-Fog igxininisa ukuba "asinandlela yokubophelela imiqondiso kwisixhobo esithile okanye umnini," ngokutsho kommeli wentengiso owathumela i-imeyile kwi-California Highway Patrol ngo-2018, emva kokuba u-lieutenant ebuze ukuba isixhobo sinokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni.
Ngaphandle kwezi zikhuselo ziyimfihlo, iirekhodi zibonisa ukuba abezomthetho banokusebenzisa idatha yeFog njengesikhokelo sokufumana ulwazi. "Akukho (ulwazi lomntu siqu) oluboshwe (i-ID yentengiso)," igosa laseMissouri labhala ngeFog ngo-2019. "Kodwa ukuba silungile kwinto esiyenzayo, kufuneka sikwazi ukumisela umnini. »
Ukongamela kumanyano lweenkampani ezifana neNkungu yindawo yomthetho eguqukayo. NgoMvulo, i-Federal Trade Commission imangalele i-data broker ebizwa ngokuba yi-Kochava, efana ne-Fog, ibonelela abathengi bayo ngee-ID zentengiso ezinokuthi abasemagunyeni basebenzise ngokulula ukufumana apho umsebenzisi wefowuni ehlala khona, ephula imithetho esetyenziswa yikhomishini. Kwaye ngoku kukho amatyala phambi kweCongress ukuba, ukuba ipasisiwe, iya kulawula ishishini.
UFog's Broderick uthe kwi-imeyile ukuba inkampani ayinakufikelela kulwazi lomntu ngamnye kwaye ixhomekeke "kwidatha ekhoyo ngokurhweba engenazithintelo ekusebenziseni," kubathengisi bedatha "abathenga ngokusemthethweni idatha kwizicelo ngokuhambelana nezivumelwano zabo ezisemthethweni" . Inkampani yalile ukwabelana ngolwazi malunga nokuba mangaphi na amasebe amapolisa esebenza nawo.
"Siqinisekile ukuba ukuthotyelwa komthetho kuneenkokeli ezinoxanduva, izithintelo kunye nesikhokelo sezopolitiko kumasipala, urhulumente kunye nemigangatho yombutho ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na izixhobo zokuthotyelwa komthetho kunye neendlela zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambelana nemithetho. yeendawo zabo, "utshilo uBroderick. . .
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UKevin Metcalf, waseWashington County, umtshutshisi wase-Arkansas, uthe wasebenzisa i-Fog Reveal ngaphandle kwe-warrant, ngakumbi "kwiimeko ezifunayo." Kwezi meko, umthetho ubonelela ngokurhoxiswa kwesigunyaziso xa ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhubekayo lubeka emngciphekweni abantu okanye i-arhente.
I-Metcalf ikwakhokela uMsebenzi weSizwe woKhuseleko lwaBantwana, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo olwa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kunye nokurhweba. Inkungu idweliswe kwiwebhusayithi yayo njengomxhasi weqela elisebenzayo, kwaye isigqeba senkampani sisihlalo sebhodi yabalawuli abangenzi nzuzo. UMetcalf uthe inkungu ixabiseke kakhulu ekusombululeni amatyala abantwana abalahlekileyo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu.
“Siyayityhala imida, kodwa siyenza ngendlela ejolise kubantu ababi,” utshilo. “Ixesha liyaphela kwezi meko. Asikwazi kulinda kwindlela yewaranti yokukhangela.
Inkungu isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwityala lokubulala umongikazi oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala uSydney Sutherland, owagqibela ukubonwa ebaleka kufutshane neNewport, Arkansas, ngaphambi kokunyamalala, utshilo uMetcalf.
Amapolisa ayenobungqina obuncinane xa efumana ifowuni yakhe emhadini, ngoko uMetcalf wathi wabelana ngokufikelela kwe-arhente yakhe kwi-Fog kunye ne-US Marshals Service ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi ezinye izixhobo ezazikuloo ndawo. Uthe inkungu incede abasemagunyeni ukuba babambe umlimi ngodlwengulo luka-Agasti 2020 kunye nokubulawa kweSutherland, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwakhe akuzange kubhalwe kwiirekhodi zenkundla eziphononongwe ngu-AP.
UCyphers, owayekhokela umsebenzi weerekhodi zoluntu ze-EFF, uthe akukho rekhodi yangaphambili yeenkampani ezithengisa olu hlobo lwedatha yegranular ngqo kunyanzeliso lomthetho wasekhaya.
"Sibona iindawo ezinabantu abangaphantsi kwe-100 apho isherifu isebenzisa esi sixhobo sobuchwephesha siphezulu kakhulu, sihlasela kakhulu, sijongana nokuzingela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwasekhaya," utshilo uCyphers.
Omnye wabaxumi abanjalo yiofisi kasherifu kwilali yaseRockingham County, kuMntla Carolina, enabemi abangama-91 kwaye kanye emantla eGreensboro, apho iHolo isahlala khona. Idolophu ithenge ilayisenisi yonyaka omnye nge-000 yeedola kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye isanda kuhlaziya.
“I-Rockingham County incinci ngokwabemi. Ayiyeki ukundimangalisa indlela iiarhente ezincinci ezinokuthi zibethe ngayo izixhobo ezingazidingiyo, kwaye akukho mntu uyidingayo le, ”utshilo uHolo.
Isithethi sikaSheriff uLt. Kevin Suthard uqinisekisile ukuba isebe lisanda kuhlaziya ilayisenisi yalo, kodwa lalile ukunika iinkcukacha ngokusetyenziswa kweFog Reveal okanye indlela i-bureau ikhusela ngayo amalungelo abantu.
“Kuba oko bekuya kungasebenzi kakhulu kuba abaphuli-mthetho banokuqonda ukuba sinaso isixhobo kwaye balungelelanise ukwenziwa kolwaphulo-mthetho ngokufanelekileyo. Yingqiqo ? watsho uSuthard.
Inkungu ithengise isixhobo sayo ngamandla emapoliseni, ide ivavanye ngebeta ngokuthotyelwa komthetho, iirekhodi zibonisa. ISebe lePolisa laseDallas lithenge ilayisenisi yeNkungu ngoFebruwari emva kokufumana isilingo samahhala kunye "nokubona idemo kunye nokuva amabali empumelelo kwinkampani," Cpl. UMelinda Gutierrez, isithethi seli sebe, utshilo kwi-imeyile.
Isixhobo se-Fog siyafikeleleka nge-portal yewebhu. Abaphandi banokufaka ulungelelwaniso lwendawo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwiziko ledatha, elibuyisela iziphumo zophando ezibonisa i-ID yenkungu yesixhobo, esekelwe kwinombolo ye-ID yesibhengezo esisodwa.
Amapolisa anokubona ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ze-ID ezifunyenwe kufutshane nendawo yesiganeko solwaphulo-mthetho. Abacuphi okanye ezinye ii-arhente zisenokukhangela isazisi ukususela ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye zibuye ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-180, ngokweSivumelwano seLayisensi yoMsebenzisi wokuphela kwenkampani. Kodwa, idatha yeFog inokubuyela emva ukuya kuthi ga ngoJuni ka-2017, ngokwee-imeyile ezivela kummeli weFog ukuya kunyanzeliso lomthetho eFlorida naseCalifornia.
Ngelixa idatha ingamchazi ngokuthe ngqo umnini wesixhobo, inkampani ihlala inika abomthetho ulwazi eludingayo ukuyinxibelelanisa needilesi kunye neminye imikhondo enceda abacuphi baqonde ukuba ngoobani, ngokwee-imeyile ezisuka kubameli benkampani.
Akukacaci ukuba i-Fog ilwenza njani olu qhagamshelo, kodwa inkampani eyibiza ngokuba "ngumlingani wedatha" ebizwa ngokuba yiVentel, Inc. inokufikelela kwisixa esikhulu ngakumbi sedatha yeselula yabasebenzisi.
I-Ventel yi-broker enkulu enike idatha yendawo kwii-arhente ezifana nokuFudukela kunye nokuNyanzeliswa kweSiko kunye ne-FBI. ISebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe ngoku liphanda indlela ii-arhente zemida yase-US ezisebenzisa ngayo idatha yeVenntel ukulandelela indawo yabantu ngaphakathi e-United States ngaphandle kwewaranti yokukhangela. Inkampani iye yajongana nophando lwe-congressional malunga neenkxalabo zangasese ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwedatha yayo yi-arhente yonyanzeliso lomthetho.
IVentel kunye neFog zisebenzisana ngokusondeleyo ukunceda abecuphi bamapolisa ngophando, ii-imeyile zibonisa. Iincwadana zabo zentengiso nazo ziphantse zafana, kwaye abasebenzi bakwaVentel bancome iFog kunyanzeliso lomthetho, ngokwee-imeyile. UVentel uthe "indalo eyimfihlo ...
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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