😍 2022-08-17 03:30:00 - Paris/France.
Amafu anzima e-nationalist populism avela eMpuma. Kutshanje, Idabi leChibi laseChangjin wabonisa isihlunu (kunye neempazamo ezimbalwa zokuchaneka kwembali kunye nokukholeka kwengxelo) ye-cinema ye-propaganda yaseTshayina ekhuthazwa yi-Xi Jinping's Caesarism. Kwaye umcimbi kaPutin sele udlulele kwelinye icala, elicacileyo kakhulu. Ngoku kubonakala ngathi lithuba leIndiya. Isigebenga esizizigidi ezili-1 sabemi abaleleyo… De kube ngoku? I-movie I-RRRImeko yoluntu ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemida yalo, ishiya iimpawu ezixhalabisayo kwimeko enokutsha kakhulu. NgoMvulo uphawule isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 yenkululeko yaseIndiya, ephawulwe kukunyuka okungapheliyo kukamongameli wayo, uNarendra Modi, enye inkokeli enobubele yokongeza kubuhlanya bethu belizwe. Oku, ukongeza, kukhuthaza ubuzwe obuhambelana nobuqhetseba besithethe eside (kunye nesiyingozi): umanyano ngokuchasene notshaba oluqhelekileyo lwamaMuslim. Kanye xa amazwi ohlaselo lukaSalman Rushdie, wesizwe samaNgesi namaMerika kodwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ongowaseIndiya, asavakala.
Ngohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwezigidi ezingama-70, I-RRR Yeyona filimu ibiza kakhulu kwimbali ye-cinema yaseIndiya. Isiphakamiso sayo sesenzo sasendle, ukutolikwa kwembali kunye nobungangamsha obuveliswe yikhompyuter buvuthulule iofisi yebhokisi yasekhaya, kodwa yayibeka njengenye yezona zijongwe kakhulu kweli hlobo kwihlabathi kwiNetflix, ephethe ukuhanjiswa. Beka kumzabalazo wokuzimela ngokuchasene noBukhosi baseBritane, Umboniso wesikrini awushiyi kuphumla kubuchule bobugcisa okanye ukuchaneka kwembali. Zonke isiNgesi zibi ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kwabasetyhini abambalwa abathandana nomtsalane wamagorha amabini aphambili. Bacula, badanise, bahlupheke kwaye ngaphezu kwayo yonke into babulala ekunene nasekhohlo kwiichoreographies ze-surreal ngokupheleleyo. Ulibale iTarantino, Rambo, nantoni na. Kungaphezulu, kakhulu ngakumbi.
Ithoni yesandi esicaphukelayo, iManichaeism engachazekiyo kunye nemidlalo egulayo ifika kuhlobo lwazo olukhethekileyo, kwincasa yombukeli ophakathi waseIndiya. Kufuphi nebali elikufutshane nangakumbi, nokuba ngcono okanye kubi, kwintsomi, baziva bengahoywanga nto efana neyethu (ngamanye amaxesha nayo) iingcinga ezixhaphakileyo zokwenyani kunye/okanye ubunyani. Yintoni engaqhelekanga yimpumelelo yayo kunye nabaphulaphuli baseNtshona, abanobuchwephesha okanye abakhohlakeleyo, abanobuqili okanye abagxekayo, ukuba uyathanda.. Kodwa eyahlukileyo. Nangona inokuba sesona sizathu sokubhenela kwayo: indlela engaqhelekanga. Isiphithiphithi sesenzo, umbala kunye nesingqi ngaphandle kwejagi enkulu ehlekisayo, ekuthi nkqu namaqhawekazi amangalisayo adlula kwi-psychoanalyst mva nje.
Yintoni esele imangalisa, emva kokubona ifilimu, kuphononongo oluhle oluvela kumajelo afana neendaba atlantiqueokuxabisayo ukungoyiki "ukugqwesa kwakhe" kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba "kufuneka yenze iHollywood ibe nomona", okanye uhloboencoma umsebenzi wabadlali bayo.
Nokuba intle i-york entsha uyifaka eluphahleni. Umgxeki wayo uRichard Brody ucacisa ukuba isihloko sayo sidlala ngoonobumba bokuqala bamagama Phakama Ugquma Uvukelo (ukuphakama, ukugquma kunye nokuvukela ngesiNgesi) emva koko ichaza ukuba "uguqula imbali ibe yintsomi ngokugxininiswa kwentetho ebonakalayo". Nabani na ofikelela esiphelweni semizuzu yayo ye-185 yemifanekiso uya kuqaphela ukuba yintoni i-twist entsha kwingqikelelo yokujongelwa phantsi oku kuthetha ntoni. UBrody ukwatsho ukuba iyelenqe "likhululekile kakhulu lisekwe kwibali lokwenyani labavukeli ababini baseIndiya benkulungwane yama-XNUMX". Isihlomelo siphawula enye into ebalulekileyo, kodwa nantoni na ihamba njengoko ivuselela "ukuthululwa okumangalisayo kwamandla okudala."
Umshicileli oqhubekayo awunamnqweno, kule meko, ukubiza i-propaganda ngegama layo. EUnited Kingdom, iphephancwadi elidumileyo njenge Umbukeli Akalibazisi ukuzichaza njengomntu ogcinayo. Kuphononongo lwakhe lwefilimu, uRobert Tobs utsala ngokuthe ngqo kumbhalo ongezantsi: “Ifashoni yokuchasana ne-impiriyalizim elula ikude nokuba msulwa”. Iqala ngokuhlalutya umzobo wabadlali abakhulu, abalinganiswa ababini baseBhritane, iRhuluneli uScott kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, "njengabacekisekayo kakhulu kwaye kwangaxeshanye bazizidenge ezimangalisayo". Uhlabela mgama eqikelela ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni “ukuba umboniso bhanya-bhanya ubonisa iinkokeli zaseNigeria njengamazizimu okanye abezopolitiko bamaHindu betshisa abahlolokazi bephila.”
Ubungendawo bamaBritane budlula obo benziwe yeyona opera imbi kakhulu yesepha enokucingeleka ngexesha le-siesta.. Kodwa zithengiswa njengamanani embali. Kwaye uTobs akavumi: "Iifilimu ezinje I-RRR azityhili nyaniso efihlakeleyo ngexa elidluleyo, yaye azibonakalisi iimvakalelo zokwenene ezithandwayo. Bazama ukuvuselela iimvakalelo zokwenziwa. Injongo yabo ephambili, ewe, kukonwabisa kunye nokwenza imali. Ngaba sifanele sihleke, kwaye sonwabele i-melodrama? Ingayiyo. Kodwa nangona iyinto engakholelekiyo, Siyazi kule mihla abantu bathenga phantse yonke into embi malunga nobukhosi baseBrithani“. Ukusuka eSpain siwuqonda ngokupheleleyo lo msindo ngokuchasene nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwentsomi emnyama, indlela enengeniso kwabanye. AmaNgesi aya kukuqonda oku ngcono kunaye nabani na… Kodwa ukwenza intswela-bulungisa kunye nabangenabulungisa asikuko ubulungisa, kodwa kukuphindwa kokungekho sikweni.
Ngayiphi na imeko, eyona nto imbi, njengoko uTobbs equkumbela, ngokumangalisayo iwela eIndiya:I-RRR Ukholose ngobundlobongela nobuzwe bamaHindu obulawula inkcubeko yaseIndiya kunye nezopolitiko, buphenjelelwa ngurhulumente weModi. Abo bathwaxwa yiloo nto ayingowaseBritani, kodwa ngamaIndiya amancinane, ngakumbi amaSilamsi, kodwa nawo angamaKristu., kwaye eneneni nawuphi na umntu okhululekileyo omelene ne-extremism, intshutshiso kunye nobuhlanga. Kwinyani, I-RRR Ayibhali ukungcola korhulumente waseBritane ngeminyaka yee-1920, kodwa ukungcola okukhulayo kweIndiya namhlanje. I-Netflix kufuneka ibe neentloni ukuyikhuthaza«.
Ukusuka kwi-pacifism kaGandhi ukuya kwisahlulo saseIndiya
Makhe siyihlalutye le ngongoma nzulu. Umbukeli ongenalwazi uya kumangaliswa bubundlobongela obuninzi ekuchazeni umzabalazo we-Indiya wokuzimela, xa umxholo usixelela ukuba yayingumzekelo we-pacifism. Umzobo kaMahatma Gandhi unento eninzi yokwenza nawo. Ukuzikhusela kwakhe okumangalisayo kokungaxhatshazwa kwaliphazamisa ihlabathi kwaye kwaba yinxalenye yengcinga ehlangeneyo yaseNtshona, ngakumbi emva kwefilimu. gandhiowaphumelela iOscar yoMfanekiso oBalaseleyo ngo-1982. Bambalwa abantu abakhumbula iinkcukacha zokufa kwakhe, nangona kunjalo, kunyaka emva kokuzimela geqe.
Owona mbuzo ucekethekileyo kule nkqubo yayingekuko ukuchasana kwe-United Kingdom esele irhoxile ekubhangiseni ubukhosi bayo emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Ingxaki enkulu yayingaphakathi. Kuba iIndiya ayilolizwe. Lilizwekazi lonke. UMgaqo-siseko wayo ubonelela ngeelwimi ezisemthethweni ezingama-24, nangona kukho amakhulu eelwimi zezizwana kwilizwe lonke. Phantse i-80% yabemi bazichaza ukuba bangamaHindu, kodwa yinkolo eneenguqu ezingenakubalwa zasekhaya kunye neqela elingapheliyo loothixo. Inkolo yesibini elandelwa kakhulu yi-Islam, malunga ne-15%, igcuntswana… labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200. Ayilunganga kakhulu, ngendlela.
Ukulungisa ityalaUkuzimela geqe kwakhokelela ekwahlulweni kwemimandla yaseBritane yangamazwe amabini, iIndiya kumaHindu kunye nePakistan kumaSilamsi, kodwa uninzi lwaba bamva, oluzinze kwimimandla eyabelwe eIndiya, aluzange luvume ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. AmaIndiya amaninzi ayengonelisekanga. Abona bantu babevuya kakhulu abazange bakuxhase ukutshintshelwa kwamaSilamsi. Omnye wabo wabulala uGandhi ngo-1948. Igama lakhe: Nathuram Vinayak Godse.
Soutik Biswas, umbhaleli we Bbc eIndiya, ilandelela indlela enika umdla ukusuka kwingcinga yeGodse ukuya kwimeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Masibone. Imbali Kuqala: “Umlandeli oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala wayelilungu leHindu Mahasabha, iqela labantu abagcina isithethe. Wayetyhola uGandhi ngokungcatsha amaHindu ngokuba ngumSilamsi kakhulu kwaye athambe kakhulu ePakistan (…) Inkundla yagweba uGodse ukufa kunyaka emva kokubulawa kwakhe. Wabulawa ngoNovemba 1949.”
Ngoku ikhonkco langoku: “Ngaphambi kokujoyina iHindu Mahasabha, uGodse wayelilungu leRashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh okanye iRSS, ilungu leengcamango zeBharatiya Janata Party (BJP) elawula eIndiya. Inkulumbuso uNarendra Modi ngokwakhe ulilungu elidala lobumama bobuzwe bamaHindu. I-RSS idlala indima enkulu kurhulumente wakho nangaphandle kwayo. Kwaye yamva nje: "Kumashumi eminyaka, iRSS imalile uGodse, owabulala 'uYise weSizwe', njengoko amaIndiya ethanda ukubiza owona mfanekiso mkhulu wawo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iqela lamaHindu alondolozayo belincoma uGodse kwaye libhiyozela ngokuphandle ukubulawa kukaGandhi. Kunyaka ophelileyo iLungu lePalamente elitshisayo le-BJP lichaze uGodse 'njengendoda ethanda ilizwe'.. Konke oku kwawacaphukisa amaIndiya amaninzi, kodwa iRSS yabambelela ngokuqinileyo: UGodse wawushiyile umbutho kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba abulale uGandhi. Nangona kunjalo, "incwadi entsha ngoku ithi ayiyonyani." Dhirendra Jha, umbhali we Umbulali kaGandhikhumbula ukuba, endleleni yakhe eya emthini, uGodse wacengceleza izivakalisi ezine zomthandazo weRSS”.
Umfanekiso ovela kwi-'RRR'.
Ngoku buyela kwimuvi. Umsonto we I-RRR bubuhlobo phakathi kwama-epic fighters avela kwizithethe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: iGond kunye neTelegu. Izicwangciso zabo ezahlukeneyo zokulwa nesiNgesi zenza uluhlu lokungaqondani olukhokelela ekungqubaneni de, i-epiphanies ezininzi kunye neemvakalelo ezintle kamva, yonke into isonjululwe kwaye badibanisa utshaba oluqhelekileyo. Ngamaxesha okubulala kwabo, ingoma ichaza ukuba omnye ngumlilo, intaba-mlilo ... kwaye enye, amanzi, isaqhwithi esingathintekiyo. Yonke into phakathi kwemifanekiso ilinganisa nemifanekiso yenkolo yamaHindu.
'RRR' kunye namaSilamsi njengotshaba oluqhelekileyo
Umyalezo ogqibeleleyo weprojekthi yokumanyanisa kaMongameli Modi, umgqatswa onokwenzeka kaPutin okanye uXi Jinping. Nangona amaNgesi engaselotshaba oluqhelekileyo, kunjalo. Ukuba mhlawumbi bakhonza, njengakule meko, ukunyathela i-anti-colonial victimization, isimbo se-Bolivarian, kunye nenjongo yokugqibela yokuqondisa umanyano ngokuchasene nethagethi yokwenene: amaSilamsi, anqabile ukudibanisa. UbuHindu, kunye nenkolelo yabo yeprotean, esebenzayo kuguquguquka oluyimfuneko lwezopolitiko, inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza ilizwe lifanane nelaseIndiya. ISilamsi… Asikuphela kwemeko le. I-China, umzekelo, inokuthetha into efanayo ne-Uyghur yobuhlanga, intloko yayo enkulu yangaphakathi, kodwa i-Indiya iyingxaki kakhulu. Enyanisweni, yingxaki yenyukliya ngeendlela ezininzi kunenye: IPakistan kunye neIndiya zinamandla e-athom, kunye neengxabano eziqhubekayo kummandla weKashmir.
ngo I-RRR, omnye wabalingisi uzenza abe ngumSilamsi ukungena kwisixeko saseDelhi kunye nokuhlasela iBritish ukusuka apho. Lo mbono khange uhlale kakuhle kumaHindu amaninzi, abathumele ukungonwabi kwabo kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo, kunye nomzukulwana womlinganiswa...
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
Ungalibazisi ukwabelana ngenqaku lethu kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo ukusinika ukomelela okuqinileyo. 🤓