📱 2022-03-15 11:39:41 - Paris/France.
Eli bali lapapashwa kuqala ngu Igrist kwaye iveliswa kwakhona apha njengenxalenye ye Iofisi yeMozulu intsebenziswano.
Xa usiva ababoneleli be-Intanethi bethetha "ngokwandisa inethiwekhi yeselula ye-5G," ingcinga yakho yokuqala inokuba, "Owu, kulungile." Kungenxa yokuba kukho idatha eninzi engenazingcingo ehamba kwii-smartphones ezininzi zehlabathi, iitafile kunye neelaptops. Kodwa izazinzulu zixhalaba ngakumbi ukuba yonke loo bandwidth yesixhobo esiphathwayo iza ngexabiso: ukukwazi kwethu ukuqikelela imozulu ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo.
Nangona abantu abaninzi besazi ukuba bayahlawula umboneleli wabo wenkonzo engenazingcingo ukuze baqhagamshele kwi-Intanethi, banokungaqondi ukuba ababoneleli ngenkonzo engenazingcingo bangena kwisixhobo esilinganiselweyo: iqela elimxinwa lamaza kanomathotholo abizwa ngokuba yi-spectrum (hayi inkampani yeentambo). Amaza onomathotholo kuluhlu lwe-spectral akhethekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Kwelinye icala, banokuthumela idatha ngezinto eziqinileyo, ezinje ngeendonga zendlu yakho okanye iifestile zemoto yakho, zizenze zilungele ukunxibelelana ngaphandle kwamacingo. Kodwa zikwabalulekile kuba umoya woMhlaba ngokwendalo ukhupha amaza erediyo, anokuthi athathwe zizivamvo zesathelayithi aze aguqulelwe kwidatha yemozulu efana nobushushu kunye nemvula.
Ingxaki kukuba ukuphindaphinda kwamaza erediyo asetyenziswa kuthungelwano lweeselula ezingenazingcingo kuyafana nalawo asetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni iimeko zomoya; Ibhendi ye-24 GHz isetyenziselwa ngakumbi ukunxibelelana ngomnxeba, ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi zeselula ze-5G. Ibhendi engummelwane ye-23,8 GHz igcinelwe iinjongo zenzululwazi, ngakumbi kwiisathelayithi zemozulu. Njengoko la mabhanti amabini e-frequency esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, anokuphazamisa, enze ukuhanjiswa kwemozulu kunye nolwazi lwemozulu lucothe kwaye lungachanekanga kangako.
I-bandwidth yedatha engenazingcingo inokuba yinto efana nomgwaqo omkhulu kwisixeko esikhulayo. Ngaphandle kokuba iindlela zohola wendlela zongezwa njengoko abantu besanda, ukugcwala kwezithuthi kuya kuba mbi ngakumbi. Njengoko abantu abaninzi befumana inkonzo engenazingcingo, umqondiso unokucotha ukuba iinkampani azijongi ukwandisa i-bandwidth yezixhobo eziphathwayo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani ezininzi zicela iFCC ukuba ithengise iibhendi ezongezelelweyo zonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.
Kodwa izazinzulu zasemoyeni zithi ukuthengisa ifandesi yeebhendi ezongezelelekileyo kunokunciphisa amandla abo okwazisa uluntu malunga neziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu ezinjengezaqhwithi kunye nezaqhwithi zetropikhi, iziganeko apho ixesha libalulekile ekusindiseni ubomi.
“Iya kuthoba izakhono zokuqikelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30%,” utshilo u-Neil Jacobs, owayesakuba ngumlawuli obambeleyo weNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ngexesha lengxoxo yomanyano ka-2019 malunga nophazamiseko phakathi kweebhendi zamaza. “Oku kuya kubangela ukucuthwa kwexesha elikhokelayo lokuqikelela imikhondo yenkanyamba malunga neentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. »
Ulwazi lwemozulu oluchanekileyo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha lethu lemozulu embi. Ngo-2012, umzekelo, iNational Hurricane Centre yakwazi ukunika ilizwe laseLouisiana uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwexesha kunye nendawo apho udidi 1 lweNkanyamba uIsaac luya kwenza umhlaba malunga neentsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kwesiphango. Isilumkiso sokuqala safika kwiintsuku ezintlanu kwangaphambili kodwa sayijonga gwenxa indawo yokuma kweemayile ezingama-250. Ukulibaziseka kweentsuku ezimbini kusanika i-Federal Emergency Management Agency kunye nexesha likarhulumente lokulumkisa abantu malunga nomngcipheko kunye nokukhupha imiyalelo yokuphuma.
Ekugqibeleni, isaqhwithi sibangele umonakalo omalunga ne-612 yezigidi zeedola kunye nokufa kwabantu aba-5 kurhulumente. Ngaphandle kolu lungiso lwengqikelelo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bebenokulahleka.
Ukuqikelela ixesha kunye nendlela yezaqhwithi kukhohlisa kwaye kuxhomekeke kwibhendi ye-spectrum efanayo ababoneleli be-5G abayinqwenelayo.
Kodwa ukufumanisa ixesha lethiyori kunye nendlela yesiphango kunzima kakhulu. Umphunga wamanzi we-atmospheric - eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuqikelelo lwemozulu kunye nemodeli yemozulu-ikhupha i-radiation kwi-23,8 GHz frequency band. Kwindibano ye-2021 phambi kweKomiti yeNdlu yeSayensi, i-Space, kunye neTekhnoloji, uDavid Lubar, umphathi omkhulu weprojekthi ye-Aerospace Corporation's Civil Systems Group, uchaze ukujongwa komphunga 'wamanzi afana' nokuzama ukuva ukuhlebeza eSan Francisco ngelixa bemi 500. iikhilomitha ukusuka eSan Diego."
Ngesi sizathu, umthetho womanyano kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zimisela ukuba ibhendi yefrikhwensi ye-23,8 GHz kufuneka igcinelwe inzululwazi yoMhlaba kunye noqwalaselo lwe-astronomy kanomathotholo kuphela. Izivamvo kwezinye iinkqubo zesathelayithi eziqhutywa zii-arhente ezinkulu ze-federal ezifana ne-National Atmospheric and Ocean Administration, okanye i-NOAA, kunye ne-National Aeronautics and Space Administration, okanye i-NASA, yenzelwe ukuthabatha le miqondiso. Uphazamiseko oluvela kwiibhendi ezikufutshane, ezikwabizwa ngokuba “zii-out-of-band” ezikhutshwayo, ibiyinkxalabo kuluntu olukude kangangexesha elithile. Kwizixhobo zoluvo lwesathelaythi ezixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo ebuthathaka ngokumangalisayo ukubonelela ngedatha echanekileyo yoqikelelo lwemozulu, le ngxaki iyandiswa.
Oosonzululwazi, nangona kunjalo, bazive bengabandakanyiweyo kwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo njengoko iFCC iqhubeka nokuthengisa iibhendi zamaza ezikufutshane ngeenjongo zorhwebo.
“Inkqubo yeFCC inzima kakhulu kwaye iyabhideka kuluntu lwenzululwazi, kwaye uninzi lwezazinzulu azinazo izixhobo ezifumanekayo kubo okanye aziyikhuthazi inkqubo enjalo,” utshilo uBill Mahoney, umlawuli weLebhu yezicelo zoPhando kwiZiko leSizwe. kuPhando lwe-Atmospheric. kwabaphulaphuli abafanayo.
Kodwa kukho izinto urhulumente anokuthi azenze ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwibhendi yespectrum. Ukulandela ifandesi ka-2019 apho i-FCC ikhuphe iilayisenisi zorhwebo ezingama-2 zokusebenzisa ibhendi ye-spectrum ye-904 GHz, ikhomishini iphakamise imida yokuphazamiseka kwe-spectrum. Kodwa le migangatho yokukhutshwa kwe-out-of-band yayingqongqo kakhulu kunento eyayikhuthazwa luluntu lwenzululwazi.
Ngenxa yoko, iingcali zithi ukuphazamiseka kwe-spectrum yorhwebo kunokuzisa ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwemozulu lwase-US kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Oku kulahleka kokuchaneka koqikelelo lwemozulu nako kunokuba neendleko ezinkulu. Ngelixa ifandesi ye-FCC yowama-2019 ye-24 GHz band ivelise i-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwingeniso yeSebe likaNondyebo, iindleko ezinxulumene nemozulu zinokuba phezulu kakhulu. Kwintetho ye-2021, uMahoney waphawula ukuba ukusasazwa kwe-out-of-band kunciphisa ukuchaneka kwebikezelo "ngexesha apho ilizwe lethu lijongene nokunyuka okukhulu kweentlekele zezulu zeedola."
Njengoko ulwabiwo lwamaza orhwebo kulindeleke ukuba luqhubeke, ezinye izindululo zenziwe ukukhusela ukuchaneka koqikelelo lwemozulu nangona kukho ukuphazamiseka. Urhulumente unokunciphisa uphazamiseko kwibhendi yespectrum. Ngokufana nestudiyo sokuthintela isandi sokuqinisekisa ukuba awuphazamisi abamelwane bakho, ukukhutshwa kwe "out-of-band" kungancitshiswa. Kwintetho ye-2021, uLubar ucebise ukongeza izixhobo kwi-satellite sensors eziza "kuchonga ukungcoliseka kokuphazamiseka, ukwenza izibalo ezibalulekileyo kwi-spacecraft, kwaye ingxelo yokuba idatha ukuze ingangcolisi inkqubo yemozulu ngokuhla ". Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, akukho nkxaso-mali eyabelwe i-NASA edibeneyo okanye i-NOAA ye-satellite missions ukubonelela ngesixhobo esinjalo.
Isicwangciso sokuthomalalisa esibonakalayo siya kuba yimfuneko njengoko iFCC ithathela ingqalelo izindululo zexesha elizayo zokwabelana ngamabhendi amaninzi. I-arhente iceba ngokukodwa ukwabelana ngebhendi ye-frequency 1675 ukuya kwi-1680 MHz. Eli libhendi efanayo esetyenziswa yi-NOAA ye-Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ukunika ulwazi lwexesha lokwenyani lwemozulu, kuquka imozulu embi kunye nezikhukula.
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
Ungalibazisi ukwabelana ngenqaku lethu kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo ukusinika ukomelela okuqinileyo. 👓