📱 2022-03-15 06:11:40 - Paris/France.
Ngaba wakha waziva uvakalelo olurhubuluzayo lokuba kukho umntu okujongileyo? Emva koko ujike ungaboni nto iphosakeleyo.
Kuxhomekeke apho ubukhona, nangona kunjalo, usenokuba awuzange uyicinge ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iibhiliyoni zezinto ezikubonayo yonke imihla. Zikuyo yonke indawo, zifihlwe kwindawo ecacileyo – ngaphakathi kweTV yakho, ifriji, imoto kunye neofisi. Ezi zinto zazi ngakumbi ngawe kunokuba ucinga, kwaye uninzi lwazo lunxibelelana ngolu lwazi kwi-Intanethi.
Ngo-2007, bekuya kuba nzima ukucinga uguquko lwezicelo eziluncedo kunye neenkonzo ezingeniswe zii-smartphones. Kodwa beza ngeendleko malunga nokungena kunye nokulahleka kobumfihlo.
Njengezazinzulu zekhompyuter ezifunda ulawulo lwedatha kunye nobumfihlo, sibona ukuba uqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi luyanda ukuya kwizixhobo ezindlwini, iiofisi, kunye nezixeko, ubumfihlo busemngciphekweni kunangaphambili.
Intanethi yezinto
Izixhobo zakho zombane, imoto kunye nekhaya ziyilelwe ukwenza ubomi bakho bube lula kwaye wenze ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi oyenzayo yonke imihla: ukukhanyisa nokucima izibane xa ungena kwaye uphuma kwigumbi, kukukhumbuza ukuba iitumato zakho sele ziza konakala, lungisa ubushushu basekhaya. ngokusekelwe kwimozulu kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngumntu ngamnye ekhaya.
Ukwenza umlingo wabo, badinga i-Intanethi ukucela uncedo kunye nokunxibelelanisa idatha. Ngaphandle kokufikelela kwi-intanethi, i-thermostat yakho ehlakaniphile inokuqokelela idatha malunga nawe, kodwa ayazi ukuba yintoni uqikelelo lwemozulu kwaye ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo okucutshungulwa lonke ulwazi ukwenza isigqibo sokuba wenze ntoni.
Kodwa ayizizo nje izinto ezikwikhaya lakho ezinxibelelana kwi-Intanethi. Iindawo zokusebenza, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye nezixeko nazo ziya ziba krelekrele, kwaye izixhobo ezikrelekrele kwezi ndawo zineemfuno ezifanayo.
Ngapha koko, i-Intanethi yeZinto (i-IoT) sele isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezothutho kunye nezixhobo, ezolimo kunye nemfuyo, kunye ne-automation ye-industrial. Bekukho malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-22 zezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2018, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele ngaphezulu kwe-50 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030.
Yintoni ezi zinto zaziwa ngawe
Izixhobo ezihlakaniphile ziqokelela uluhlu olubanzi lwedatha malunga nabasebenzisi bazo. Iikhamera zokhuseleko ezihlakaniphile kunye nabancedisi abahlakaniphileyo, ekugqibeleni, iikhamera kunye neemakrofoni kwikhaya lakho eziqokelela ulwazi lwevidiyo kunye nesandi malunga nobukho bakho kunye nemisebenzi.
Kwisiphelo esingacacanga kangako sespectrum, izinto ezinje ngoomabonakude abakrelekrele zisebenzisa iikhamera kunye neemakrofoni ukuhlola abasebenzisi, iiglowubhu zokukhanya ezikrelekrele zilandelela ukulala kwakho kunye nesantya sentliziyo, kunye nezicoci zokucoca ezikrelekrele ziqaphela izinto ezikwikhaya lakho kunye nemephu nganye yeesentimitha.
Ngamanye amaxesha oku kubeka iliso kuthengiswa njengento. Umzekelo, ezinye iirotha zeWi-Fi zinokuqokelela ulwazi malunga neendawo zabasebenzisi ekhaya kwaye zilungelelanise nezinye izixhobo ezikrelekrele ukubona intshukumo.
Abavelisi bathembisa ukuba ziinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo ezizenzekelayo hayi abantu ababona idatha yakho. Kodwa akusoloko kunjalo. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi base-Amazon baphulaphule iingxoxo ezithile kunye ne-Alexa, babhale kwaye bazichaze, ngaphambi kokuba bazondle kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo ezizenzekelayo.
Kodwa nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwidatha yomntu kwiinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo ezizenzekelayo kunokuba nemiphumo engathandekiyo. Nayiphi na idatha yabucala ekwabelwana ngayo kwi-Intanethi inokuba sesichengeni kubaduni naphi na emhlabeni, kwaye zimbalwa izixhobo zabathengi eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi zikhuseleke kakhulu.
Qonda ubuthathaka bakho
Ngezinye izixhobo, njengezithethi ezikrelekrele okanye iikhamera, abasebenzisi ngamanye amaxesha bangazicima ngenxa yezizathu zabucala. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba ilukhetho, ukukhupha izixhobo kwi-Intanethi kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwazo.
Kananjalo awunalo olu khetho xa ukwindawo zokusebenza, iivenkile ezinkulu, okanye izixeko ezikrelekrele, ke unokuba sesichengeni nokuba awunazo izixhobo ezihlakaniphileyo.
Ngoko ke, njengomsebenzisi, kubalulekile ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi ngokuqonda ukurhweba phakathi kobumfihlo kunye nokulula xa kuthengwa, ukufaka nokusebenzisa isixhobo esixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi.
Akusoloko kulula. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba, umzekelo, abanini babancedisi bomntu basekhaya abanokuqonda okungaphelelanga malunga nokuba yeyiphi idatha eqokelelwa zizixhobo, apho idatha igcinwa khona, kwaye ngubani onokufikelela kuyo.
Oorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele bavelise imithetho yokukhusela ubumfihlo kwaye banike abantu ukulawula ngakumbi idatha yabo. Eminye imizekelo yiEuropean General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) kunye neCalifornia Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA).
Ngokwenza oku, umzekelo, ungafaka isicelo sokuFikelela kwiSifundo seDatha (i-DSAR) kumbutho oqokelela idatha yakho kwisixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi. Imibutho kufuneka iphendule kwizicelo ezingaphakathi kwezi ndawo kwinyanga enye ichaza ukuba yeyiphi idatha eqokelelweyo, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ngaphakathi kwintlangano, nokuba yabelwana ngayo namaqela esithathu.
Nciphisa uhlaselo lwabucala
Ummiselo linyathelo elibalulekileyo; nangona kunjalo, usetyenziso lwabo luya kuthatha ixesha ukufumana inani elihlala lisanda lezixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi. Okwangoku, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uvune ezinye zezibonelelo zokuqhagamshelwa kwi-Intanethi ngaphandle kokuchaza isixa esigqithisileyo sedatha yobuqu.
Ukuba ungumnikazi wesixhobo esihlakaniphile, unokuthatha amanyathelo ukusikhusela kwaye unciphise umngcipheko kubumfihlo bakho.
I-Federal Trade Commission inikezela ngeengcebiso malunga nendlela yokukhusela izixhobo zakho ezixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. Amanyathelo amabini angundoqo kukuhlaziya rhoqo i-firmware yesixhobo, uhambe ngezicwangciso zayo, kwaye ucime nayiphi na iqoqo ledatha engahambelani nento ofuna ukuyenza isixhobo. I-Online Trust Alliance ibonelela ngesikhokelo esongezelelweyo kunye noluhlu lokukhangela abathengi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokwabucala kwezixhobo zabathengi eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi.
Ukuba uza kuthenga isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi, fumana ukuba yeyiphi idata esiyibambayo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwedatha yomenzi kwimithombo ezimeleyo efana nobuBucala beMozilla obungabandakanywanga. Usebenzisa olu lwazi, ungakhetha uguqulelo lwesixhobo esikrelekrele olufunayo kumvelisi othatha ubumfihlo babasebenzisi nzulu.
Okokugqibela, unokunqumama kwaye uzibuze ukuba ufuna ngokwenene zonke izixhobo zakho ukuba zilumke. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba ukulungele ukuncama ulwazi olungesiqu sakho ukuze ngomlomo uyalele umatshini wakho wekofu ukuba akwenzele ikofu?
URoberto Yus, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwisayensi yekhompyuter, iYunivesithi yaseMaryland, iBaltimore County kunye nePrimal Pappachan, umphandi wangemva kobugqirha kwisayensi yekhompyuter, ePenn State.
Eli nqaku liphinde lapapashwa kwiNcoko phantsi kwelayisensi yeCreative Commons. Funda inqaku lokuqala.
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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