📱 2022-04-18 19:15:55 - Paris/France.
I-AppleInsider ixhaswa ngabaphulaphuli bayo kwaye ifanelekile ukufumana ikhomishini ye-Amazon Associate kunye ne-Affiliate Partner ekuthengeni okufanelekileyo. Ezi ntsebenziswano aziphembeleli umxholo wethu wokuhlela.
Ngelixa i-Apple yamkele itekhnoloji ye-Thunderbolt 3 eGPU iminyaka, ibingenalo uthando olufanayo lokhetho lokuphucula kwiiMacs ukusukela oko kwasungulwa i-Apple Silicon. Nantsi indlela ubudlelwane be-Apple kunye neeGPUs baqala ngayo, bakhula, bafa - kwaye banokubuya.
Kangangeminyaka, iyunithi yokulungisa imizobo yangaphandle (i-eGPU) ibe yindlela elula kubasebenzisi beMac ukunyusa isakhono semizobo yeMac okanye iMacBook yabo. Kuninzi lofakelo, uhlaziyo lubandakanya i-PCI-e ebiyelweyo yangaphandle enekhadi lemizobo elipheleleyo, eliqhagamshelwe kwiMac ngeThunderbolt, evumela iMac ukuba ithathe ithuba lepesenti enkulu yamandla aphezulu ekhadi.
I-eGPU inokubonwa njengendlela yokuphucula kwi-Mac engaboneleli naluphi na ukhetho lokwenyani lokuphucula umzimba. Ngaphandle kweMac Pro kunye neemodeli zangaphambili ezazinokukhetha ukutshintsha amakhadi egraphic kwabanye, uninzi lweeMacs aluzange lunikeze ukhetho lokuphucula ngokuthe ngqo iGPU.
Ityala elinjalo elilungiselelwe ukusebenza ngaphezulu kweThunderbolt lithetha ukuba abanini beMac minis, iMacBook Pros, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezithintelweyo ngokwasemzimbeni banokuyiphucula i-GPU yeMac yabo.
Ukuseta okucwangcisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kunikeze amandla kunye nokukhawulezisa kwi-desktop yeMacBook Pro, ngelixa ivumela uqhagamshelo olulula kunye nokuhamba ngekhompyuter ebamba. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukudlulisa i-eGPU ukusuka kwisistim enye ukuya kwenye ngokulula.
Kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukukhuphela umthwalo wegraphic kwakhona kuthetha ukukhuphela ubushushu obuveliswa koku kusetyenzwa.
Abanini be-Intel Mac basengasebenzisa itekhnoloji, kwaye okwangoku, abanini be-Apple Silicon abanathamsanqa. Nantsi indlela eqale ngayo kwi-macOS, yaphela njani nge-Apple Silicon- kwaye kutheni kwaye ingabuya njani.
Iingqwalasela zokuqala ezixhasayo
Kwi-WWDC 2017, i-Apple ibonise amathuba okusebenzisa ubunyani be-virtual kwi-Mac, ekhokelela kwisidingo sokunika abasebenzisi amandla amaninzi okucubungula imizobo. Ngexesha lomsitho, iApple iveze ukuba iMacOS 10.13 High Sierra iya kubandakanya inkxaso esemthethweni yamakhadi emizobo yangaphandle ngeThunderbolt 3.
Ukuzalisekisa isithembiso esenziwe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngokungeniswa kwamazibuko eThunderbolt kwi-Mac, inkqubo yokusebenza yayiquka i-Metal 2, i-API yemizobo yesizukulwana esilandelayo se-Apple. I-Metal 2 yayibalulekile kweli nyathelo, njengoko ibandakanya izinto ezintsha ezisebenza neeGPU eziqhagamshelwe ngeThunderbolt 3.
Ukunceda ukukhuthaza abaphuhlisi ukuba baqalise ukusebenzisa i-Metal 2, i-Apple ibonise ikiti yayo yophuhliso, equka i-Sonnet eGFX Breakaway Box, kunye ne-AMD Radeon RX 580 GPU kunye ne-USB-C hub kwi-USB-A. Iphakheji, eyayifana nezinye iinkqubo ze-eGPU zomntu wesithathu kwimarike ngelo xesha, yayixabisa i-$ 599.
Abasebenzisi beMac ababene-hardware basenexesha elincinci lokulinda ngaphambi kokuba basebenzise indlela esemthethweni ye-Apple, njengoko ngelo xesha kwakusithiwa inkxaso epheleleyo yayilindeleke nge-Spring 2018.
Ukuphunyezwa kokuqala kwezi beta zakuqala kwaba yintsikelelo nesiqalekiso. Ngelixa kungekho nto ikhethekileyo malunga noqwalaselo lwe-eGPU kwikhithi ye-dev, iApple ibandakanye uluhlu olude lwemiba enokuchaphazela abasebenzisi.
Uluhlu lweengxaki lubandakanya ukungabikho kwenkxaso ye-mirroring displays, akukho nkxaso ye "clamshell mode", akukho msindo we-HDMI, akukho nkxaso yokubonisa i-USB-C, kwaye akukho kukhawuleza.umboniso wangaphakathi kwi-Mac eyayinayo.
Uluntu lwe-eGPU lweza kuhlangula abasebenzisi bamandla abafuna ukujikeleza imida. Ngokukhawuleza, ii-hacks zeminye imida zenziwe kwaye zasasazwa kwi-intanethi, ukwandisa ukusebenziseka kwe-beta kwabo babeyifuna.
Emva kokukhululwa kweMacOS High Sierra ngoSeptemba ka-2017, abasebenzisi be-eGPU kwafuneka baxhomekeke kwiinguqulelo ze-beta kwaye ezi hacks ziqhubeke nokusebenzisa izixhobo zabo zekhompyutha, ubuncinci de kukhutshwe inkxaso esemthethweni ye-eGPU.
Ezi hacks zaziluncedo ngenye indlela engalindelekanga, eyayiyeyokuba ezinye iibhokisi azizange ziqhagamshelane neeMacs eziqhuba iSierra okanye i-High Sierra, ngenxa yebhloko yesoftware ye-Apple ye-TI82 Thunderbolt chipsets. I-Workaround ivumele ii-eGPU ezichaphazelekayo ukuba ziqhubeke nokusebenza njengoko kucetyiwe kukhupho lwe-beta, kodwa kunye nezilumkiso ezifana nokukhubaza uKhuseleko lweNtetho yeNkqubo.
Inkqubela phambili yeBeta
Ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwe-beta ye-macOS 10.13.4 ngoJanuwari 2018, i-Apple yasebenza ekuphuculeni ukuphunyezwa kwayo kwe-eGPU, kuquka ukongeza imenyu entsha yokukhupha i-eGPU evaliweyo ngaphandle kokufuna abasebenzisi ukuba baqhawule ngaphambili.
Imowudi ye-clamshell eguquguqukayo nayo ifikile, isebenza nokuba ibekwe esweni. Imowudi ivumela iMacBook Pro ukuba iqhubeke nokusebenza kwisiboniso sangaphandle nge-eGPU, nokuba isiciko sivaliwe.
Ikhithi yophuhliso ye-eGPU yeApple.
Ngexesha le-beta yesihlanu ngo-Matshi 2018, i-Apple yenza utshintsho olukhulu kunye nophuculo olulindelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, i-Apple ikhubaze amandla okusebenzisa ii-eGPUs isebenzisa uqhagamshelo oludala lweThunderbolt kunye neThunderbolt 2.
Utshintsho luthetha ukuba iiMac ezindala ezazingenayo iThunderbolt 3 azinakusebenzisa eli nqaku. Oku kubandakanya Mac Pro cylinder.
High Sierra, sala kakuhle Nvidia
I-Apple yazisa esidlangalaleni inkxaso ye-eGPU kwi-macOS High Sierra kwi-10.13.4 ngo-Matshi 2018, njengoko kwakuthembisiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo akukhange kube lula ngokupheleleyo kwabo bathanda, ngakumbi abasebenzisi beNvidia GPU.
Ukuqala, iphepha lenkxaso lidwelisa amakhadi evidiyo e-AMD aliqela ahambelana ne-eGPU ye-macOS, kubandakanya iRadeon RX 570, iRadeon Pro WX 9100, kunye nomgca weRadeon RX Vega. Inkxaso yayingaphelelanga kumthengisi othile, kodwa ngokuyintloko kwakufuneka bathobele ingcaciso yereferensi.
Olu luhlu alubandakanyi onke amakhadi avela kwiNvidia, imbangi kumgca weRadeon we-AMD. Nangona i-Nvidia ibonelela "ngomqhubi wewebhu" kumakhadi ayo, kwakunganelanga ukufumana ii-GPUs zisebenze ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-hacks yomntu wesithathu.
I-Titan Xp kaNvidia, elinye lamakhadi amaninzi awayengaxhaswanga yi-macOS.
Ezi hacks zafika ngo-Epreli kwaye azizange zinike inkxaso kuphela kumakhadi e-Nvidia, kodwa zinike amandla kwakhona inkxaso ye-Thunderbolt 1 kunye ne-Thunderbolt 2 port ene-eGPU.
NgoJanuwari ka-2019, kwafunyaniswa ukuba abaphuhlisi be-Apple bafuna ukuxhasa amakhadi e-Nvidia aphezulu, kodwa babewalahla kumanqanaba aphezulu. Kwakukho ukubhideka malunga nokuba ngubani owayesala ngokuthatha u-Nvidia, kwaye akukho sizathu sisemthethweni sinikezelweyo sokuba kutheni.
UNvidia wayengasamkelekanga etafileni.
Mojave kunye neBlackmagic
NgoJulayi ka-2018, iApple yazisa uhlaziyo kumgca wayo weMacBook Pro, kunye nokuseta iGPU yangaphandle eyenziwe ngokubambisana neBlackmagic. Ukuseta kwakubandakanya ityala lendlu yeRadeon Pro 580 GPU ene-8 gigabytes yememori, nangona isebenzise uyilo lwe-in-one oluthintela ukubetha kunye nokuphuculwa.
Ngelo xesha, i-Blackmagic eGPU ixabisa i-699 yeedola.
Pendant AppleInsider Uvavanyo ngelo xesha lwafumanisa ukuba iBlackmagic eGPU yayiyeyokuqala ukuxhasa iziboniso eziqhagamshelwe ngeThunderbolt 3.
IBlackmagic eGPU Pro ihlaziywe kunye neRadeon RX Pro Vega 56.
Ngelo xesha, inguqulo ye-beta ye-macOS Mojave yazisa utshintsho kwinkxaso ye-eGPU ukuyenza ibe yigranular, kuquka ukwenza kube lula ukunika inkxaso ye-eGPU kwisicelo ngasinye. Kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza oku ngaphambili, kodwa utshintsho longeze ukhetho ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Finder.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, i-Apple kunye ne-Blackmagic yazisa i-eGPU Pro, inguqu yebhokisi efanayo eyayihlala i-Radeon RX Vega 64 kunye ne-8 GB yememori ye-HBM2.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi nangakumbi ii-eGPU kunye namatyala eza kwintengiso, enikezela ngophuculo lwegraphics ngakumbi kubasebenzisi abafuna umzamo omncinci. Kwaye ngee-hiccups ezincinci, yonke into yayilungile kwaze kwaba yilapho kungeniswa i-Apple Silicon.
I-Apple Silicon kunye nobukho be-Intel-eGPU kuphela
I-Apple yabhengeza ngoJuni ka-2020 ukuba iyayishiya i-Intel processors ithanda inyathelo layo le-Apple Silicon.
Kwinyanga kamva, amaxwebhu enkxaso abonisa ukuba i-Apple yayisusa inkxaso yee-GPU ezingezo-Apple kwi-Apple Silicon. Ngaphandle kokuba nethemba malunga noyilo lwe-GPU, i-Apple yayilumkile ukuba ithi i-Intel-based Macs iya kuqhubeka nokuxhasa ii-eGPUs njengesiqhelo.
Uxwebhu lwe-Apple Silicon ngokucacileyo lathi inkxaso ye-eGPU ayifakwanga kwiitshiphusi ezintsha.
AppleInsider kamva yaqinisekiswa ngoNovemba ka-2020 ukuba umgca we-M1 weetshiphusi awuzukuxhasa naziphi na iiyunithi zokusetyenzwa kwemizobo yangaphandle kwaye endaweni yoko iyakuxhomekeka kwi-CPU GPUs.
Kwangaloo nyanga inye, uvavanyo lwafumanisa ukuba iMacOS iyaqhubeka nokubona ityala eliqhagamshelweyo kunye nekhadi le-PCI-E ngaphakathi, nakwi-Apple Silicon Mac. Ngaphandle kokubona amakhadi, ukusebenza kwe-eGPU kwahlala kungekho kwi-Apple Silicon, kodwa oku kwanika ithemba lokuba inkxaso inokuthi ivele kamva.
Ukusukela ngo-Epreli ka-2022, le nkxaso ayikabikho ngokubonakalayo.
Inkxaso eqhubekayo ye-Intel eGPU kwi-macOS, ukukhutshwa kuka-Matshi ka-12.3 kwe-macOS Monterey 2022 iqulethe i-bug eyanciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamakhadi emizobo asetyenziswa kwii-eGPU ezivaliweyo kunye ne-Mac Pro. Umba walungiswa ngohlaziyo lwe-1 ka-Epreli, ebonisa ukuba i-Apple isavuyela ukuxhasa i-eGPU evaliweyo kwi-Intel Macs.
Ngaba uyayifuna ngenene inkxaso ye-eGPU?
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-eGPU bekujoliswe ekusombululeni ingxaki yokusebenza kwemizobo. Xa imizobo edityanisiweyo okanye ecacileyo eyakhelwe kwi-Mac yayinganelanga kumsebenzisi, i-eGPU ibonelele ngendlela engangeneleliyo yokongeza imizobo eyongezelelekileyo.
Nangona i-Apple ithandabuza ukubonelela ngenkxaso ye-eGPU kwiiMacs eziqhuba i-Apple Silicon, oku kusenokungabi ngumba omkhulu kubasebenzisi abaninzi. I-Apple ithengise kakhulu amandla emizobo yomgca wayo we-Apple Silicon, kangangokuba abasebenzisi abacingi ukuba kukho indawo enkulu yokuhamba kwindlela ye-eGPU.
Ibhrawuza ye-intanethi ye-Geekbench yokuvavanya iibenchmark zeMetal zokuvavanya umbhobho wegrafiki we-Apple ubandakanya iiRadeon GPU ezixhaswa yiMacOS kunye neetshiphusi zeApple Silicon.
Geekbench 5 Metal benchmark iziphumo.
Ukukhangela amanqaku e-M1, uya kufumana i-M1 Ultra kumanqaku aphezulu ali-15, kunye namakhadi emizobo akwisiphelo esiphezulu njengeRadeon RX 6900 XT.
Amanqaku e-M1 Max nawo ahlonipheke kakhulu, aphinde abeke ngcono kune-Radeon RX Vega 64 kunye ne-Radeon Pro WX 9100. Inguqulo ye-M1 Pro nayo ikwi-ballpark efanayo ne-Radeon Pro 5500 Ayiyona i-shabby kakhulu.
Ngelixa i-M1 yantlandlolo ingekho ncam kubantu abajongene nokusebenza kwemizobo, isaqhuba kakuhle ngokwaneleyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo.
Ukuba ufuna amandla egrafiki angaphezulu kumthwalo wakho wokusebenza, konke kuxhomekeke ekubeni umsebenzi wakho usekwe kwi-CPU okanye uxhomekeke kwi-GPU. Ukuba yangaphambili, ke akukho xabiso langempela, kwaye ukuba okokugqibela, kukho iindleko zokuqwalasela.
Ngelixa amaxabiso e-GPU ehlile kwezi ntsuku zidlulileyo, sidlule kwiminyaka emibini yokunqongophala, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, kunye nemicimbi yemveliso eyenziwa yi-COVID kumakhadi asele ebiza. Yongeza ityala malunga needola ezingama-250, kwaye iindleko-inzuzo isenokungabikho, xa kuthelekiswa ne-Apple Silicon Mac entsha.
Indlela eya eluvukweni
Kwiinguqulelo zamva nje kunye ne-betas ye-macOS Mojave, ii-eGPU ezivaliweyo zisachongwa. Ukusetyenziswa kweemephu eziqhotyoshelweyo kungenxa yoncedo lwabaqhubi, okwangoku, lunqongophele ngokupheleleyo.
Apple Silicon Macs inkxaso PCI-E amakhadi, ngoko ke ayisiyiyo ingxaki. Amakhadi amaninzi agxile kumculo asebenza kwiibhokisi ze-PCI-E Thunderbolt, ngoko ke itekhnoloji engundoqo emva kombono we-eGPU iyasebenza kwinqanaba elithile.
AppleInsider wabona iRazer Core Nangona kunjalo, iimonitha eziqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo…
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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