✔️ 2022-03-11 14:43:01 - Paris/France.
Nge-23 kaFebruwari yokugqibela ifikile kwiNetflix '11M', inqaku lemizuzu engama-92 malunga nohlaselo lwe-jihadist lwe-11 kaMatshi eMadrid.eyasuba ubomi babantu abali-192 yaza yenzakala abangama-2 000 ngaloo ntsasa ilusizi kwisikhululo saseAtocha.
Kwiminyaka emibini emva kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 yesiganeko esibuhlungu, baninzi abantu abasazi ngalo lonke ulwazi malunga kuhlaselo lwabanqolobi. Ke ngoko ukwenziwa kwe-'11M', apho basichazela ngomzuzu ngomzuzu okwenzekayo emva kokudubula kwebhombu yokuqala ngo-7:37, emilonyeni yamaxhoba ngokwawoudliwano-ndlebe naye ngexesha lenkqubo ngokwayo.
Umlawuli wayo, uJosé Gómez, uphande esi siganeko iminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kokuba avelise ifilimu, esazi zonke iimfihlo zohlaselo: umbhali wokwenyani lomsebenzi, oonobangela bokwenyani bohlaselo kunye nepolitiki yalophakathi kwezinye iingxaki.
Ngubani owayeyinkokeli ye-jihadist ye-11M
Igama lakhe ngu ukrakra aziziindoda enemvelaphi yaseMorocco eyayihlala eSpain iminyaka kwaye, ngokutsho kweCIA, waba ngu-Abu Hamza Raia wesandla sasekuneneIntloko ye-Al-Qaeda yemisebenzi yangaphandle.
Nangona uvavanyo lwe-2007 11M alushiyanga mntu ucacileyo emva komsebenzi, incwadi ethi '11-M. Impindezelo ye-AlQaeda' nguFernando Reinares (apho uxwebhu lusekwe) ukhomba ngokucacileyo uAzizi njengenkokeli yohlaselo lwabanqolobiekuphela kwentshukumisa yakhe yayikukuziphindezela ngokuchasene neSpain.
Yile ndlela umhlalutyi uCarola García-Calvo, ingcaphephe yobundlobongela kunye nobunqolobi behlabathi, ayichaza ngaxeshanye ngokulandelelana: “Inkuthazo yimpindezelo. ISpain ibisebenza kakhulu ekulweni ubunqolobi bamazwe ngamazwe”.
Imfazwe e-Iraq yayingeyena kuphela unobangela we-11M
Kwingcinga edibeneyo yabantu baseSpain, uhlaselo lwe-11 kaMatshi lwaba necala elikhulu nelikhethekileyo: Jose Maria Aznar. Ukungena kweSpain kwimfazwe yase-Iraq kunye nomfanekiso odumileyo weAzores kunye noGeorge Bush kunye noTony Blair baye benza izigqibo ngomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle yelizwe lethu, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, kubudlelwane neentshaba zezi zizwe, kubandakanya i-Al-Qaeda.
Nangona kunjalo, uJosé Gómez ukholelwa, emva kweminyaka yophando, ukuba indawo yaseSpain kwingxabano yase-Iraq yayingeyena kuphela unobangela womsindo wombutho wabanqolobi. "Imfazwe yase-Iraq ayizange incede, kodwa ayisosizathu"ixhasa umenzi wefilimu waseMexico.
Ngokwamaxwebhu kunye nabalinganiswa bayo, abanje ngoFernando Reinares okhankanywe ngasentla, U-Amer Azizi wayesele ehlala eSpain ngaphambi kokuba ajoyine i-Al-Qaedaukuba ngummeli ka-Abu Dahdah, inkokeli yeqela labanqolobi elizinze eMadrid, elenziwe kwiminyaka yoo-90.
Utyando olwacaphukisa iAl-Qaeda
Ngeli shumi leminyaka, iSpain yayinikwe umsebenzi wokuqhuba imisebenzi emininzi yokulwa nabanqolobi ngokuchasene nolu hlobo lweqela, umsebenzi womhla wokuqaqambisaelona likhulu liye laseYurophu.
Ngayo, iiseli ezininzi ze-jihadist zachithwa, kuquka ne-Azizi, eyathi ngoNovemba ka-2001, kukhokelele ekubanjweni kwamalungu angaphezu kwama-20 e-Al-Qaeda kumhlaba waseSpain, kuquka no-Abu Dahdah..
Ukususela ngelo xesha, uAzizi wabalekela ePakistan waza wagqiba kwelokuba abhalisele umbutho wabanqolobi. "Wagqiba ekubeni athathe isenzo sokuziphindezela ngokuchasene neSpain ngenxa yolu tyando oluye lwaqhawula iseli ye-Abu Dahdah awayehlala kuyo de kube nguNovemba ka-2001"UReigns ubonisa.
Ekugqibeleni, ngo-2009, emva kweminyaka yophando, amahemuhemu kunye neethiyori malunga nokuba uphi (i-United States yayisele icinga ukuba ufile ngo-2006). I-Al-Qaeda ibike ukubhubha kuka-Amer Azizi.
Ngaba bekukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-11/11 kunye ne-XNUMX/XNUMX?
Ichanekile. Kwi-documentary, bajongana nale ngqungquthela yembali kunye neyothusayo yemihla, leyo akuzange kwenzeke ngamabona-ndenzile.
Ngokutsho kukaBruce Riedel, owayengumhlalutyi weCIA, "Iziseko zejihadist eSpain yayiyeyona nkxaso ibalulekileyo kucwangciso lwe-11/XNUMX ngaphandle kwe-Afghanistan nePakistan".
Emva kohlaselo olubi kwiinqaba ezimbini, iOfisi yoLwazi Jikelele yePolisa yeSizwe yaseSpain, ungalibazisi ukuqinisa uphando lwakho kwi-Al-Qaeda elizweni, inika umhla wokusebenza okhankanywe ngasentla.
Ukwenziwa kwezopolitiko kuhlaselo lwamaxhoba
Njengoko kusenzeka rhoqo kwilizwe lethu, ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza iidrama ngezixhobo zonyulokunentlungu yamaxhoba ngokwawo.
Ukuziphatha kokuzingca ngabapolitiki bethu okwenzeka emva kwe-11M, oku kube ngundoqo wokoyiswa kukaJosé María Aznar kunyulo lwe-2004 ngokuchasene noJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
Ekuqaleni, bonke abantu baseSpain bagxeka i-ETA ngohlaselo, kuquka urhulumente wePP. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni kwavela ileta eyapapashwa kwiphephandaba laseLondon apho i-Al-Qaeda yabanga uxanduva lwe-11Mkuqaleka kokuphela kobukumkani buka-Azenare.
'11M', ifilimu enika imbeko kumfi
Ukusukela oko i-Al-Qaeda izibhengeze njengomakhi weziqhushumbisi, “Umdlalo wabafi uhlazekile», ngokutsho kwentatheli u-Iaki Gabilondo, ngaloo ndlela egxininisa umkhankaso wokhetho.
Ukulungisa oku kungabikho kovelwano kunye nabalinganiswa bokwenyani beli bali, amaxhoba, uJosé Gómez wagqiba kwelokuba avule kwaye avale icwecwe lakhe ngobungqina babo, ehlonipha inkumbulo yabo: “Elona mbeko libalaseleyo, ukubabeka ekuqaleni kwaye ngaphandle kwebali, ngaphandle kweekhredithi. Okubalulekileyo koko bathi yeyona ichukumisayo. Udliwano-ndlebe ngumntu okhathazekileyo, uxhelekile. Kufuneka ubathuthuzele, ufowunele, uqaphele. ixhoba alinakusetyenziswa” .
Ekugqibeleni, i-documentary iyaphela ngokuzinikela ngokweemvakalelo ukuya ku-192 + 1 ofileyo (umfazi kaRodolfo Ruiz, owazibulala emva kohlaselo) kunye nabasindileyo, ngokufaka amagama abo ekupheleni kweekhredithi.
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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