Dieter B.
Unorota here kugadzira yako wega vhidhiyo mutambo usingashandisi kana sendi? Usatsvage zvakare ! Muchinyorwa chino, tinokupa iwe gumi yakanakisa software yekugadzira vhidhiyo mutambo wemahara. Kunyangwe iwe uri wekutanga kuziva kana mugadziri ane ruzivo, une chokwadi chekuwana chishandiso chinokodzera zvaunoda.
Saka, tora pfungwa dzako dzemutambo kunze kwebhokisi uye gadzirira kunyura munyika inonakidza yekugadzirwa kwemutambo wevhidhiyo. Kubva kuGameMaker Studio 2 kuenda kuGodot Injini, tsvaga iyi inovandudza software iyo inobvumidza iwe kuunza ako akapenga mazano kuhupenyu. Wagadzirira kutora dambudziko? Tevedza gwara uye uve musiki wenyika yako chaiyo.
Zviri mukati
1. GameMaker Studio 2: Chishandiso chakakwana chemitambo ye2D
Fungidzira chidimbu chimwe chesoftware chinokutendera kuti ugadzire, kushambadza uye kukwidziridza yemhando yepamusoro mitambo ye2D; ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita GameMaker Studio 2. Ichi chishandiso chese-mu-chimwe ndicho bhokisi rekushandisa resarudzo kune vakawanda vanogadzira indie vanoda kuunza chiono chavo chekugadzira kuhupenyu. MutambiMaker Studio 2 inoshanda sechitubu cheavo vari kutsvaga kutanga muindasitiri yemitambo, uku ichipa maficha akasimba kune nyanzvi.
Semunhu anotanga, unogona kufunga kuti kugadzira mitambo ibasa rakaoma. Nekudaro, GameMaker Studio 2 inoita kuti basa iri rive nyore sekukweva nekudonhedza zvinhu. Hongu, wanzwa zvakanaka! Iyo "dhonza uye kudonhedza" sarudzo ibhoni chaiyo kune vatsva. Uye kune vanonyanya kuda, vanogona kunyura mu "GML", mutauro wepuratifomu wepamhepo.
GameMaker Studio 2 haisi yekungogadzira mitambo. Inokubatsira kukwenenzvera mutambo wako nematurusi ekuita optimization uye kugadzirisa bug. Iwe unogona kutogadzirisa nzvimbo yako yekushandira zvinoenderana nezvaunoda kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa kwako.
Heano kutarisa kune izvo GameMaker Studio 2 inofanira kupa:
| zvinhu | tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Kugadzira mifananidzo uye sprites | Gadzira inoyevedza mifananidzo yemutambo wako |
| Animating elements | Hunza mavara ako nekushongedza kuhupenyu |
| Bugfix | Ita shuwa kuti mutambo wako unoshanda zvakakwana |
| Performance optimization | Kuvandudza kumhanya uye kutsetseka kwemutambo wako |
Iko kune yemahara yemazuva makumi matatu kuyedzwa kweGameMaker Studio 30 kune avo vanoda kuiedza vasati vadyara mune yakabhadharwa vhezheni, iyo inopa kugona kutumira kunze mitambo kumapuratifomu akasiyana.
Muchidimbu, ungave uri wekutanga kutora nhanho dzako dzekutanga mukusimudzira mutambo kana nyanzvi yekutsvaga chishandiso chine simba, MutambiMaker Studio 2 isarudzo yakanaka yekugadzira yemhando yepamusoro 2D mitambo.
Kuverenga >> GTA 5 makodhi (Grand Theft Auto V): Tsvaga ese matipi uye kubiridzira makodhi kwemaawa ekutamba kunonakidza!
2. Gadzira 3: Shamwari yakanaka yekugadzira mitambo yewebhu pasina hurongwa
Fungidzira iwe, wakagara zvakanaka pamberi pekombuta yako, kapu yekofi inosvika. Wave kuda kutanga chiitiko chinonakidza: kugadzira yako wega 2D web game, pasina kana kubata mutsara wekodhi. Chiitiko ichi kugadzira 3 anokupa.
Kuvaka 3 chishandiso chakakosha kune avo vanoda gadzira 2D mitambo yewebhu pasina chikonzero chekuziva mutauro wepurogiramu. Iyo ine mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika, intuitive interface, iyo inopa kushanda kwe zvuva uye donhwe, kuita dhizaini yemutambo nyore sekuvaka imba yemakadhi.
Runako rweKuvaka 3 rwuri mukureruka kwayo. Hapana chikonzero chekuisa inorema software pamushini wako; Vaka hupenyu hutatu uye kufema pawebhu. Inogona kushandiswa zvachose pawebhu browser, izvo zvinoita kuti iwanike zvinoshamisa. Uye kune avo vanoshanda munzvimbo dzisina internet yekubatanidza, usanetsekane, Gadzira 3 inogona zvakare shanda pasina Indaneti.
Iyo yemahara vhezheni yeKuvaka 3 inopa basa rekutanga re chirongwa HTML mitambo. Iyi inzvimbo huru yekupinda kune avo vatsva mukuvandudzwa kwemutambo. Kune avo vane zvishuvo zvakakura, kune mawedzero anowanikwa ebudiriro yepamusoro.
Fungidzira uchikwanisa kuronga mafambiro akatemerwa, wedzera zvimedu kana sprites, maneja track yekuteerera... Zvese izvi sarudzo zvinogoneka neKuvaka 3. Inzira yekubva pakudzidza kugadzira mitambo kuenda kukuvagadzira yako wega shasha.
Muchidimbu, Gadzira 3 ndeye 2D yekugadzira mutambo wewebhu chishandiso icho, nekureruka kwayo uye nyore kushandisa, inoita kuti budiriro yemutambo iwanikwe kune wese munhu, zvisinei nedanho ravo rehunyanzvi hwekuronga.
3. RPG Mugadziri MZ: Democratizing basa-kutamba mutambo kusikwa
Fungidzira kwechinguva: iwe wakagara mukona yako, uchirota kugadzira yako wega nyika yekufungidzira, izere nemagamba anoshinga, zvisikwa zvengano uye epic quotes. Iwe hauna hunyanzvi hwekuronga, asi une fungidziro yakajeka. Ungashandura sei kurota uku kuti kuve kwechokwadi? Mhinduro iri nyore: ne RPG Mugadziri MZ.
RPG Muiti is revolutionary software inoita kuti kugadzira mitambo yekutamba-yemuke kuwanikwe nemunhu wese, zvisinei nedanho reunyanzvi hwekuronga. Kuburitswa kwayo kwazvino, RPG Mugadziri MZ, inoenderera mberi nekufambisira mberi chinangwa chakakodzera.
Iyo RPG Mugadziri akateedzana akagadzirwa muna 1997, aine shuviro yedemocratize kusikwa kwemitambo-yekutamba. Uye makore makumi maviri nematatu gare gare, RPG Mugadziri MZ akashongedza izvi kuedza nenhevedzano yekuvandudza uye maficha matsva.
Chii chinoita RPG Mugadziri MZ chishandiso chine simba uye chakakurumbira chekugadzira mitambo yeRPG? Zvakanakira zvayo zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakati pezvakanakira izvi, tinogona kutaura mupepeti wayo wepamberi uyo unopa vashandisi rusununguko rwekufambisa zvimwe zvinhu zvevatambi vavo, vachiwedzera chimiro chitsva chechokwadi uye kugadzirisa kumitambo yavo.
RPG Mugadziri MZ haisi chishandiso chete, ipuratifomu inopa munhu wese mukana wekuita kuti zviroto zvavo zvekugadzira mutambo zviitike. Saka, kana iwe wagara uchida kugadzira yako wega-yekutamba mutambo asi usingazive pekutangira, RPG Mugadziri MZ inogona kungova mhinduro yauri kutsvaga.
4. Stencyl: Software inovhura magonhi ekusikwa kwemutambo kune wese
Fungidzira wakagara zvakanaka pamberi pekombuta yako, kapu yekofi iri muruoko, wagadzirira kutanga kugadzira mutambo wako wekutanga.Hauzive macode? Kusava nehanya, Stencyl ari pano nokuda kwako. Iyi software yakagadzirirwa kuti iwanikwe kune wese munhu, kubva kune vanotanga vakazara kusvika kune yakarungwa macoders, uye inochinjika kune yako ruzivo level.
Stencyl igemu muindasitiri yekusimudzira mutambo, inozivikanwa neiyo intuitive interface uye zvuva uye donhwe. Icho chishandiso chakakwana kune avo vanotora matanho avo ekutanga mukugadzira mitambo. Inokubvumira kuti utarise pane zvakakosha: kuunza chiono chako kuhupenyu.
Ko kana iwe uchitova neruzivo rwekodha? Hausi kuzosiiwa. Stencyl inokupa iwe kugona kukodha uchishandisa ine simba Haxe mutauro. Izvi zvinokutendera kusundira miganho yezvaunogona kugadzira, uchigadzirisa zvese zvemutambo wako.
Chimwe chinhu chikuru cheStencyl iraibhurari yayo yakapfuma yezviwanikwa. Ikoko iwe uchawana akawanda plugins, ruzha uye mifananidzo yekubatanidza mumitambo yako. Uye pamusoro pazvo zvese, Stencyl inoshandisa Flash yekutamba kwewebhu, ichikubvumidza iwe kugadzira mitambo iri kutsetseka uye inoita.
Muchidimbu, Stencyl isoftware inoita demokrasi kusikwa kwemitambo, ichivhura nyika yekuvandudzwa kwemitambo kune wese munhu, zvisinei neruzivo rwavo. Inopa chikuva chakasimba chekugadzira yakasarudzika uye inonakidza mitambo, uye chinhu chaunofanira-kuve nacho mune chero chinoshuvira mutambo wekuvandudza bhokisi rekushandisa.
5. LÖVE: Vhura sosi software yemitambo ye2D
Ngatitangei zvino kunoona Anozviona, software yakanangwa kune avo vasingatyi kunyura mumusoro munyika yekuronga. Pfuma yechokwadi yekugadzira 2D mutambo, chishandiso chakatozviratidza mumunda.
Chii chinoita kuti LÖVE ive sarudzo yakasarudzika yevamwe vagadziri vemitambo yemavhidhiyo? Chokutanga pane zvose, isoftware gratuit et open source. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nharaunda yayo yevashandisi inogara ichivandudza, ichiwedzera maficha matsva uye kugadzirisa tsikidzi. Mukana wakakosha kana tichiziva kuti tekinoroji inoshanduka nekukurumidza sei.
Zvadaro, LÖVE isoftware multiplatform. Kunyangwe iwe uri kushandisa Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, kana iOS, unogona kusimudza LÖVE uye kumhanya wotanga kugadzira mutambo wako.Rusununguko runogona kukosha, kunyanya kana uchishanda muchikwata uye munhu wese anoshandisa hurongwa kushandiswa kwakasiyana.
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kushandisa LÖVE, munhu anofanira kunge akasununguka nemutauro wechirongwa kuu. Iyi haisi software yevanotanga, asi kune avo vanotova neruzivo rwekuronga uye vanoda kusundira hunyanzvi hwavo kune inotevera nhanho.
LÖVE inopa akawanda makuru maficha, kusanganisira tsigiro yeakasiyana mafomati emifananidzo. Iyo zvakare ine Bhokisi2D fizikisi injini, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti unyatso kutevedzera mafambiro uye kudhumhana mumitambo yako.
Muchidimbu, kana iwe uri mugadziri wepurogiramu uye uchitsvaga chishandiso chekugadzira mitambo ye2D, LÖVE inogona kungova chishandiso chako. Uye kunyangwe iwe uri mutsva kuchirongwa, wadii kumboedza? Mushure mezvose, ndeyemahara uye yakavhurika sosi, saka hapana chekurasikirwa!
Verenga zvakare >> Pamusoro 5 Yakanakisa Yemahara Software Kuedza Yako Yemifananidzo Kadhi Kuita
6. GDevelop: Iyo French flagship yekugadzira 2D uye 3D mitambo
Fungidzira musangano wemutambo wevhidhiyo pamunwe wako, uchipa huwandu hwezvinhu, pasina kuoma kwehurongwa. Uku ndiko kurota uko GDevelop, software yechiFrench, yakagadzira. Kuve yakavhurika sosi uye muchinjika-chikuva software, GDevelop inomira pachena sechishandiso chesarudzo kune vanoshuvira vagadziri vemitambo, pamwe nevagadziri vane ruzivo.
Chinhu chekutanga chinosvetukira kwauri neGDevelop ndeye intuitive uye yakakwana interface. Yakaturikirwa zvakazara muchiFrench, yakagadzirirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kune vanotanga kutanga vachipa hudzamu hwekushanda kwevashandisi vane ruzivo. Kunyangwe iwe uchida kugadzira mutambo we2D unorangarira makirasi makuru enguva ye16-bit, kana mutambo we3D unoshandisa zvizere kugona kwemazuva ano emichina yanhasi, GDevelop yakakufukidza.
Imwe mukana weGDevelop ndeye akapfuma muzvinhu. Iyo inokutendera iwe kubata zviri nyore zvinhu, mifananidzo uye kunyange 3D mabhokisi. Vashandisi vanogona kuunza fungidziro dzavo kuhupenyu pasina kurambidzwa nesoftware zvisingakwanisi. Uyezve, kuwedzera midziyo yemutambo imhepo yekutenda kuraibhurari yeGDevelop yezvekuwedzera, iyo inokutendera iwe kugadzirisa mutambo wako nenzira dzakasiyana.
Chekupedzisira, kune avo vanonzwa kurasika zvishoma mukugadzira mutambo, GDevelop inopa mitambo yekugadzira zvidzidzo uye magwaro akazara. Izvi zviwanikwa zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanotanga kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga zvekugadzira mitambo, ukuwo zvichipa zano rakakosha kune vashandisi vane ruzivo.
Muchidimbu, GDevelop ipuratifomu yakazara yekugadzira mitambo, inopa mushandisi-ane hushamwari interface uye akawanda maficha. Kunyangwe iwe uri wekutanga uchitsvaga kuita mutambo wako wekutanga kana mugadziri ane ruzivo achitsvaga chishandiso chitsva, GDevelop yakakodzera kutariswa kwako.
Discover >>Ndeapi akanakisa emahara epamhepo ekudhirowa maturusi? Tsvaga yedu yepamusoro gumi!
7. Kubatana: Injini yemutambo ine simba yezvisikwa zvinoshamisa
Kana isu tichifunga nezvekugadzira mitambo yemavhidhiyo, rimwe zita rinowanzo buda pachena: kubatana. Iyi injini yemutambo ine simba inopfuura chishandiso chete, ipuratifomu yechokwadi yekusika, yakakosha ratidziro mumunda. Kunyangwe iwe uri wekutanga kutora nhanho dzako dzekutanga munyika ino inonakidza, kana nyanzvi ine ruzivo inotarisa kusundira miganhu yehunyanzvi hwako, Kubatana kune chimwe chinhu chekupa iwe.
Kubatana isimba retekinoroji iro rinokutendera kuti ugadzire ese ari maviri 2D uye 3D mitambo. Inopa rusununguko rwekugadzira rusati rwamboitika, ichipa vanogadzira simba rekuunza zviono zvavo zvakashinga kuhupenyu. Uye zvakadaro, kunyangwe simba rayo uye kuoma, Kubatana kunoramba kuchiwanikwa kune vanotanga nekuda kweiyo intuitive interface uye yakadzama tutorials.
Uyezve, Kubatana chishandiso multiplatform, zvinoreva kuti unogona kugadzira mutambo wako kamwe chete, wobva wauisa pane akawanda mapuratifomu, angave PC, consoles, kana nharembozha. Ichi chinhu chakakosha muzera remitambo yakasiyana-siyana yepuratifomu.
Imwe mukana weUnity kugona kwayo kusimudzira kubatsirana. Munzvimbo yemazuva ano yekusimudzira mitambo, kashoma kuti mutambo uve basa remunhu mumwe chete. Kubatana kunobvumira vanhu vakati wandei kuti vashande pamwe chete pachirongwa chimwe chete, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuita zvirongwa zvine chinangwa.
Uye kana iwe uchida humbowo hwekugona kweKubatana kugadzira mitambo yemhando yepamusoro, ingotarisa mamwe mazita akaitwa nawo: Verdun, Sango, uye mamwe akawanda. Mitambo iyi yakwezva mamirioni evatambi pasi rese, uye vane chikwereti chikuru chekubudirira kwavo kusimba uye kuchinjika kweUnity.
8. Unreal Engine: Software ine advanced features for an extraordinary gameing experience
Kana iwe uine mweya wemugadziri wemutambo wevhidhiyo, software Unreal Engine ingangove chishandiso chezviroto zvako. Zvinoshamisa zvine simba, inopa huwandu hwezvinhu zvepamberi zvakagadzirirwa kuunza ako akanyanya kushinga mazano kuhupenyu.
Ngatimbofungidzira kwekanguva kuti iwe unoda kugadzira inonyudza mutambo une inoshamisa mifananidzo. NeUnreal Injini, iwe unenge uine ekucheka-kumucheto maturusi kwaunayo kuti ugadzire akajeka echokwadi animations. Fungidzira mavara achifamba nekunaka kwemvura uye nemazvo, mhedzisiro inounza fantastic nyika kuhupenyu, inokwezva maratidziro emwenje... Zvese izvi zvinogoneka neUnreal Engine.
Uye zvakanakisisa kupfuura zvose? Iyi software haisi yevashandi chete. Hongu, ine zvimiro zvemhando yepamusoro, asi zvakare yakagadzirwa kuti iwanikwe kune vanotanga. Iwe uchawana akawanda epamhepo tutorials ekukutungamira mukudzidza iyi software, nhanho nhanho. Iwe uchashamisika kuti zviri nyore sei kugona chishandiso ichi uye kugadzira mitambo inodarika zvaunotarisira.
Saka, kunyangwe iwe uri nyanzvi yekuvandudza mutambo kana anofarira anotanga, Unreal Engine isoftware inofanirwa kutariswa newe. Inogona kunge iri shamwari yekugadzira mutambo iwe wanga wakamirira.
9. CryEngine: Zadzisa software yevane ruzivo vagadziri vemitambo
Kana iwe uchitsvaga chishandiso chinokupa iwe mukana wekusundira miganhu yekusika kwako, ipapo CryEngine inogona kungova iyo software yekugadzira mutambo inosangana nezvido zvako. Inofungidzirwa nevakawanda kuve yechokwadi mauto eSwiss banga revagadziri vemitambo, CryEngine inopa inokatyamadza yemhando yezvimiro, inokodzera vashandisi vemagetsi vanoda kuunza zviono zvavo zveushingi kuhupenyu.
Iyi software yekuvandudza mutambo ine mukurumbira nekugona kwayo kugadzira inoyevedza nharaunda. Ari kunyanya kuseri kwekusikwa kwemitambo yakabudirira yakadai seCrysis uye Far Cry. Kunyangwe kugadzira nyika dzakavhurika dzakakura kana mazinga akadzama, CryEngine inopa rusununguko uye maturusi anodiwa kugadzira mitambo yepamusoro.
Inoenderana nemapuratifomu akawanda, CryEngine inobvumira vanogadzira kugadzira mitambo yePC, maconsoles uye kunyange chaiwo chaiwo madivha. Naizvozvo inopa yakakosha kuchinjika kune avo vanoshuvira kusvika kune yakakura uye vakasiyana vateereri.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti CryEngine, nepo ine simba kwazvo, inoda humwe hunyanzvi kushandisa zvizere. Naizvozvo inonyanya kukodzera kune vane ruzivo vagadziri vemitambo vanotova nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwesoftware yekuvandudza mutambo. Nekudaro, kune vanofarira kukwikwidza, kudzidza CryEngine kunogona kuve chiitiko chinopa mubayiro.
Muchidimbu, kana iwe uri mugadziri wemutambo ane ruzivo uchitsvaga chishandiso chinokubvumidza kuti usundire miganhu yekusika kwako, CryEngine inogona kunge iri software yawanga wakamirira.
10. Godot Injini: Vhura sosi software ye2D uye 3D mitambo
Zvino ngatipindei munyika inoshamisa yeyakavhurika sosi software inozivikanwa se Godot Injini. Godot Injini chishandiso chekuvandudza mutambo wevhidhiyo chinopenya nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana, sezvo ichibvumira dhizaini yemitambo mune zvese 2D uye 3D. Yayo yakavhurika sosi ficha inoreva kuti ndeye yemahara software, ndiko kuti, unogona kuigadzirisa uye kuivandudza zvinoenderana nezvaunoda chaizvo.
Godot Injini inomira kunze kune yayo intuitive interface inoita kuti zvive nyore kutanga, kunyangwe kune manovices muvhidhiyo dhizaini. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kusununguka kwayo kwekushandisa hakurevi kuti kukwanisa kwayo kune zvishoma. Kusiyana neizvi, Godot Injini inopa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinounza mitambo yako yemavhidhiyo kuhupenyu. Semuyenzaniso, neGodot Injini, unogona kubata mwenje uye mimvuri nenzira kwayo, uchigadzira inonyudza yekuona ambiances yevatambi vako.
Godot Injini isarudzo inofarirwa nevazhinji indie mutambo vanogadzira, uye yakashandiswa kugadzira akati wandei mitambo inomira kunze kwemhando yavo.
Uyezve, Godot Injini iri multiplatform. Inogona kushandiswa pasi pese system yekushandisa, ingave MacOS, Windows kana Linux. Kana mitambo yako yangosikwa neGodot Engine, inogona kuridzwa kwete chete online uye paPC, asiwo paIOS neAroid zvishandiso. Uku kuchinjika mukana mukuru weGodot Injini, sezvo ichiwedzera zvakanyanya chinangwa chako chevateereri.
Muchidimbu, Godot Injini chishandiso chinoshanda uye chinowanikwa chinokutendera kuti ugadzire mitambo yemavhidhiyo emhando yepamusoro, mu2D kana 3D, uchishandisa intuitive interface uye maficha epamberi. Yayo yakavhurika sosi hunhu uye muchinjika-chikuva kuenderana kunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune vese vanogadzira vhidhiyo yemitambo, vangave vatsva kana vane ruzivo.
mhedziso
Nyika yekuvandudzwa kwemutambo wevhidhiyo yakakura uye izere nemikana, ichipa nhevedzano yezvishandiso zvinowanikwa kune vanofarira vanogadzira. Imwe neimwe yemahara mutambo wekugadzira software ine hunhu hwayo, pamwe nematambudziko ayo, ichiita kusarudza chishandiso chakakosha mukuita kwekugadzira. Izvo zvakakosha kuti usarudze software inosangana kwete chete zvaunoda chaizvo, asiwo yako nhanho yehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza mutambo.
Software akadai Vadivelu Comedy GameMaker Studio, Gadzira, Stencyl, cocos2d, RPG Muiti, tinya timu fusion ese maturusi anoshamisa, chimwe nechimwe chine masimba azvo akasiyana. Kunyangwe iwe uri mudzidzi ari kutanga nekuvandudzwa kwemutambo kana mugadziri ane ruzivo ari kutsvaga dambudziko, software iyi inopa dzakasiyana sarudzo dzekukubatsira parwendo rwako rwekugadzira.
Chinhu chakakosha kuwana software inokodzera iwe zvakanyanya, iyo inobvumidza iwe kuunza chiono chako kuhupenyu, uchipa yakatsetseka uye intuitive yekuvandudza maitiro. Rangarira, hachisi chishandiso chinoita mutambo, asi mugadziri anoushandisa. Saka chero chaunosarudza, iva nechokwadi chekuti unogona kugadzira chimwe chinhu chakakosha.
Inokurudzirwa software yekugadzira mutambo wevhidhiyo mahara iGameMaker Studio 2, Construct 3, RPG Maker MZ, Stencyl, LÖVE uye GDevelop.
GameMaker Studio 2 inopa maturusi ane simba uye akasiyana maficha akadai sekugadzira mifananidzo uye sprites, animating zvinhu, kugadzirisa tsikidzi uye optimize mutambo wekuita.
Ehe, GameMaker Studio 2 yakakodzera kune vanotanga. Inopa "kudhonza uye kudonhedza" sarudzo yevanotanga uye inobvumidza iwe kudzidza mutauro wepuratifomu wepuratifomu unonzi "GML".
