Dieter B.
Wakambozvibvunza here kuti ndeipi ingave yakanakisa yemagetsi shamwari yemapurojekiti ako? Zvakanaka, usatarisa mberi! Munyika yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakakurumbira, mazita maviri anomira: Arduino uye Raspberry Pi. Aya mapuratifomu maviri akakura mukuzivikanwa mumakore achangopfuura, uye inguva yekuvaisa musoro kuti vaone kuti ndiani anotora mubairo. Saka, sunga mabhandi ako echigaro uye gadzirira kunyura munyika inonakidza umo microprocessors uye prototyping inovhura nzira yekuvandudza. Huya, nditevere, tichanakidzwa!
Zviri mukati
Arduino uye Raspberry Pi: Maturusi maviri anozivikanwa emagetsi
Kana iwe ukapinda munyika inomhanya-mhanya yemagetsi, zvakaoma kusasangana nemazita maviri anotonga chiitiko: Arduino et Raspberry Pi. Aya mabhodhi maviri emagetsi akawana mukurumbira wakakura pakati pevanofarira DIY, vanofarira tekinoroji uye kunyange nyanzvi dzeindasitiri. Asi nei vachifarirwa kudaro? Chii chinovasiyanisa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe? Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, ndeipi yaunofanira kusarudza kune yako chaiyo purojekiti?
Usati wanyura mune izvo zvakadzama, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti mapuratifomu maviri aya, zvechokwadi, akasiyana uye akagadzirwa aine zvinangwa mupfungwa. Sarudzo pakati peArduino neRaspberry Pi inonyanya kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvepurojekiti yako.
| Arduino | Raspberry Pi | |
|---|---|---|
| muzvarirwo | Development board | Single board komputa |
| shandisa | Yakanakira manovices uye nekukurumidza emagetsi prototyping | Inoshandiswa kune mamwe mapurojekiti epamberi anoda yakazara sisitimu yekushandisa |
| Sarudzo yemuenzaniso | Mazhinji mamodheru uye akasiyana anowanikwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti | Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinowanikwa neakasiyana ndangariro uye kugadzirisa kugona |
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo Arduino kana iyo Raspberry Pi haina hukuru kune mumwe nemumwe. Vakangosiyana, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Iyo Arduino yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza uye nyore hurongwa, ichiita kuti ive yakakwana kune vanotanga uye mapurojekiti akareruka. Kune rimwe divi, iyo Raspberry Pi komputa yakazara mudiki, inokwanisa kubata zvakanyanya kuomarara uye zvinoda mapurojekiti.
Pakupedzisira, sarudzo yako pakati peArduino neRaspberry Pi inoenderana nezvido zvako, hunyanzvi hwako hwekuronga, uye nhanho yekuoma kweprojekiti yako. Muzvikamu zvinotevera, tichaongorora maficha epuratifomu yega yega mune zvakadzama, kukubatsira iwe kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo.
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Arduino: A prototyping chikuva chakavhurika pasirese
Fungidzira chishandiso chakanakisa, chinochinjika uye chine simba, chinokwanisa kuita kuti pfungwa dzako dzemagetsi dzive nehupenyu. Ichi chishandiso ndichoArduino. Iri ibhodhi rekuvandudza microcontroller iro, kunyangwe ridiki muhukuru, rinoshanda zvinoshamisa uye rakasiyana-siyana.
Funga nezveArduino seyakagadzirira-kushandisa-magetsi bhokisi rekushandisa. Iwe une pfungwa yakajeka yegajeti itsva yemagetsi? Arduino iri pano kuti ikubatsire kuti zviitike. Kunyangwe iwe uchida kuvheneka maLED, gamuchira zvinopinda kubva kumabhatani, kana kuverenga data kubva kune akasiyana masensa, Arduino anogona kuzviita. Uye chikamu chakanakisa? Iyo ipuratifomu yakavhurika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kubatsirwa nebasa uye pfungwa dzezviuru zvevamwe vanogadzira uye vanogadzira vakagovana magadzirirwo avo nemaraibhurari.
Mwoyo weArduino ndewayo microcontroller, rudzi rwe mini-kombuta inoita iyo kodhi yaunopa. Mhando dze microcontrollers dzinogona kusiyana, asi inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye ARM Cortex. Kusiyana nekombuta yakazara, iyo Arduino haina sisitimu yekushandisa. Iyo kodhi yaunonyora inomhanya yakananga pane iyo microcontroller, ichipa iyo ipapo uye chaiyo kutonga pamusoro pe Hardware.
Kuronga kweArduino kunoitwa mumutauro weC/C ++, uchishandisa Arduino IDE, chishandiso chekusimudzira chakagadzirirwa kufambisa hurongwa hweaya mabhodhi madiki ane simba. Kana zvasvika kune zvinopinda uye zvinobuda, iyo Arduino ine dhijitari uye analog pini, pamwe neHDMI, USB, uye odhiyo ports.
Kunyangwe hukuru hwayo hudiki, iyo Arduino ine yakaderera simba rekushandisa uye shoma flash memory, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakira mapurojekiti anoda nyore asi anoshanda kushanda. Kune mapurojekiti anoda kubatana seEthernet neWi-Fi, ingo wedzera ekunze mamodule kubhodhi.
Pakupedzisira, iyo Arduino ishasha yechokwadi kana zvasvika pakureruka uye kushanda nesimba. Kunyangwe iwe uri nyanzvi yekuziva kana nyanzvi yemagetsi, iyo Arduino ine chimwe chinhu chekupa. Kudhura kwayo kwakaderera uye nyore kushandisa kunoita kuti ive sarudzo inokwezva kune chero munhu anoda kuongorora inonakidza nyika yemagetsi.
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Raspberry Pi: A compact microcomputer yakavakirwa pamicroprocessor
Fungidzira komputa diki, saizi yekadhi rako rechikwereti, ine simba rekutanga shanduko yedhijitari. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo Raspberry Pi. Developed by Eben Upton kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge kuUnited Kingdom, iyi microcomputer yakagadzirwa nechinangwa chekudzidzisa, iine chinangwa chekuvandudza nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekuronga munyika dzichiri kusimukira.
Iyo Raspberry Pi inomhanya paLinux inoshanda sisitimu, zvakanyanya paRaspberry Pi inoshanda sisitimu yakavakirwa pane. Debian, yaimbozivikanwa seRaspbian OS. Iyi sisitimu yekushandisa, inopihwa nemudziyo, inoshanda zvizere. Inopa kuchinjika kunoshamisa nekubvumira hurongwa mumitauro yakawanda, senge C, C ++, Python, Java, HTML, nezvimwe.
Kunze kwekuve chishandiso chinoshamisa chekudzidza, iyo Raspberry Pi yakawanawo mukurumbira pakati peDIYers, hobbyists, uye vanofarira. Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, yakashandiswa kugadzira akasiyana siyana anonakidza maapplication. Fungidzira robhoti rinogoneka, zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze ekunze, masisitimu ekuchengetedza kamera, ese akagadzirwa kubva mukombuta diki iyi!
Iyo Raspberry Pi inogona kubatanidzwa kune akawanda maperipherals, anosanganisira kuratidza, mbeva, keyboard uye kamera, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore. Zvakafanana nekuva nekombuta yakazara (processor, RAM, chengetedzo, magiraidhi, zvinobatanidza, nezvimwewo) pane imwe kadhi!
Iyo Raspberry Pi Foundation inogara ichishanda kuvandudza chishandiso ichi, ichigara ichiburitsa shanduro nyowani. Iyo nyowani nyowani, iyo Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, inopa rakatowanda simba uye mikana. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo Raspberry Pi hardware dhizaini mafaera uye firmware haina kuvhurika-sosi, kusiyana neArduino.
Iyo Raspberry Pi, kunyangwe idiki diki, ichokwadi titan yetekinoroji, zvichiratidza kuti zvinhu zvikuru zvinogona kuuya mumapakeji madiki.
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Siyanisa Arduino uye Raspberry Pi
Munyika yakakura yemakadhi emagetsi, mazita maviri anobuda pachena: Arduino et Raspberry Pi. Aya mahofori madiki maviri akafanana uye akasiyana zvakanyanya, uye sarudzo pakati pezviviri izvi inowanzouya kumubvunzo weiyo chaiyo chirongwa uye zvinodiwa.
Kana totaura nezvazvo Raspberry Pi, tiri kutaura nezvechokwadi komputa imwe-bhodhi. Iine processor ine simba, inokwanisa kumhanyisa yakazara sisitimu yekushandisa, senge PC yako kana laptop. Inochinjika, inokwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana mabasa, uye inopa inonakidza kubatana nesarudzo senge USB, HDMI, uye Ethernet.
Ukuwo, theArduino iri microcontroller kadhi. Yakareruka kupfuura Raspberry Pi, processor yayo haina simba shoma, asi inopenya nekugona kwayo kudzora Hardware. Iyo inonyanya kukodzera kumabasa anoda chaiyo-nguva kutonga uye kudyidzana nemasensor uye actuators. Nekudaro, kubatana kwayo kunogumira uye kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekunze mamodule.
Kuenzanisira musiyano wacho, fungidzira uri kuvaka imba. Iyo Arduino ingaite senge injinjiniya yezvimiro, ichitarisa pane yemuviri chimiro chekuvaka. Iyo Raspberry Pi, kune rumwe rutivi, ingadai iri mugadziri, achigadzira dhizaini uye kushanda kweimba.
Pakupedzisira, sarudzo pakati Arduino et Raspberry Pi zvinoenderana neprojekti yako. Kana iwe uchida kudzora hardware munguva chaiyo, iyo Arduino inogona kunge iri sarudzo yako yakanaka. Kune rimwe divi, kana purojekiti yako ichida simba rakawanda rekugadzirisa uye kugona kumhanya yakaoma software, iyo Raspberry Pi inogona kunge yakakodzera.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvishandiso zviviri izvi hazvina kupindirana. Muchokwadi, anogona kazhinji kushandiswa pamwe chete, mumwe nemumwe achiunza simba rake kune rimwe basa. Saka, usati waita sarudzo yako, nyatsofunga nezve zvaunoda chaizvo uye kuti chishandiso chega chega chingakubatsira sei kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako.
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Kusarudza pakati peArduino neRaspberry Pi: mubvunzo wezvido uye mapurojekiti
Kubva pamwenje unopenya wetambo ye LED kusvika pakuoma kwerobhoti rinozvimiririra, maapplication emagetsi akasiyana sematurusi ekuti aite chokwadi. Pakati pavo, Arduino et Raspberry Pi kumira zvakanyanya, asi kusarudza pakati pevatambi vakuru vaviri ava hakusi nyore nguva dzose.
Chinhu chekutanga kunzwisisa ndechekutiArduino iri microcontroller kadhi, nepo iyo Raspberry Pi ndeyechokwadi single-board komputa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Raspberry Pi inoda sisitimu yekushandisa kuti imhanye - senge yakabviswa-pasi vhezheni yeLinux - nepo Arduino ichiita neyakaunganidzwa bhinari source code.
Funga nezveArduino semutambi wemumugwagwa ane tarenda, anokwanisa kurovera zvine hunyanzvi mabhora kana mazhenje anopfuta. Iyo Raspberry Pi ingatove mutungamiriri weiyo orchestra, inokwanisa kubatanidza nhamba huru yevaimbi kuti vabudise symphony yakaoma.
Arduino's wachi yekumhanya ndeye 16 MHz, yakakwana kune akareruka, anodzokorodza mabasa sekudzora masensa kana maLED. Sezvineiwo, iyo Raspberry Pi, nekumhanya kwayo wachi yakatenderedza 1,2 GHz, inokwanisa kubata mamwe mabasa akaomarara, akadai semarobhoti, kutamba kwevhidhiyo, uye kusangana kwekamera.
Vese vane mapini eGPIO ekubatanidza zvinhu zvemagetsi, asi Arduino inovadaidza kuti Digital IO neAnalog IN, nepo Raspberry Pi ine 40-pini GPIO, ichipa kuchinjika kukuru.
Arduino inogona kuwedzera mashandiro chaiwo uchishandisa Arduino nhoo, nepo Raspberry Pi inogona kugamuchira mamwe maturusi senge touchscreens, GPS, kana RGB mapaneru. Panyaya yekodhi, Arduino inoshandisa iyo Arduino IDE, nepo Raspberry Pi inogona kushandisa Python IDLE, Eclipse IDE, kana mamwe maIDE anoenderana neLinux.
Nekudaro, iyo Arduino ine mukana maererano nekushandiswa kwesimba. Inogona kufambiswa yakananga kubva pakombuta USB chiteshi, nepo Raspberry Pi ichida simba rakawanda uye inofanirwa kufambiswa zvakanaka pasi kudzivirira kukanganisa kune Hardware.
Pakupedzisira, sarudzo pakati peRaspberry Pi neArduino zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti. Arduino inokurudzirwa kumapurojekiti ekutanga uye nekukurumidza emagetsi prototyping, nepo Raspberry Pi inokurudzirwa kune mamwe mapurojekiti epamberi uye akaomarara.
Saka, mubvunzo hausi kuti ndeupi uri nani, asi kuti ndeupi wakanyatsokodzera kune zvaunoda chaizvo. Saka, uri juggler kana conductor?
Arduino ibhodhi rekusimudzira microcontroller rinoshandiswa kuita mabasa akareruka, ma controller, akamisikidzwa masisitimu, sensors uye marobhoti. Raspberry Pi, kune rumwe rutivi, i-single-board komputa inoshandiswa pakudzidza komputa programming.
Arduino iri nyore kushandisa uye yakachipa pane Raspberry Pi, zvakare yakanakira mabasa anoda chaiyo-nguva kudzora uye kupindirana nemasensor uye actuators.
Raspberry Pi ine processor ine simba uye inogona kumhanya yakazara inoshanda sisitimu. Inopawo zvimwe zvekubatanidza sarudzo, senge USB, HDMI uye Ethernet, uye inokodzera zvirinani kumabasa anoda mamwe masimba ekugadzirisa uye kumhanya yakaoma software.
