Fakhri K.
Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft… Kattai biyar na Silicon Valley waɗanda muka zayyana a yau ta GAFAM. Sabbin fasahohi, kudi, fintech, kiwon lafiya, kera motoci… Babu wani yanki da ya tsere musu. Arzikinsu wani lokaci yakan wuce na wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba.
Idan kuna tunanin cewa GAFAM kawai suna cikin sababbin fasaha, kun yi kuskure! Waɗannan kattai biyar na High Tech sun saka hannun jari ga wasu, har ma sun ci gaba da haɓaka sararin samaniya, kamar aikin. Metaverse na Meta, kamfanin iyaye na Facebook. A cikin shekaru 20 kawai, waɗannan kamfanoni sun ɗauki matakin farko.
Kowannen su yana da jarin kasuwa da ya wuce dala biliyan 1. A gaskiya ma, daidai yake da arzikin Netherlands (GDP) wanda duk da haka yana matsayi na 000th mafi arziki a duniya. Menene GAFAMs? Menene ya bayyana fifikonsu? Za ka ga labari ne mai ban sha'awa, amma wanda ya tayar da hankulan bangarorin biyu.
Table na abubuwan ciki
GAFAM, menene?
"Big Five" da "GAFAM" saboda haka sunaye biyu ne da aka yi amfani da su don zayyana Google, apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft. Su ne ma'auni masu nauyi na Silicon Valley da tattalin arzikin duniya. Tare, sun jimlar yawan jarin kasuwa na kusan dala tiriliyan 4,5. Suna cikin jerin zaɓaɓɓun kamfanoni na Amurka da aka fi ambata. Haka kuma, duk suna nan a cikin NASDAQ, kasuwar hannayen jari ta Amurka da aka kebe don kamfanonin fasaha.
GAFAMs Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple da Microsoft sune kamfanoni biyar mafi karfi a duniya wajen samar da jarin kasuwa. Wadannan kattai guda biyar na dijital sun mamaye bangarori da yawa na kasuwar Intanet, kuma karfinsu yana girma kowace shekara.
Manufar su a bayyane yake: don haɗa kasuwar Intanet a tsaye, farawa da sassan da suka saba da su kuma a hankali ƙara abun ciki, aikace-aikace, kafofin watsa labarun, injunan bincike, samun kayan aiki da hanyoyin sadarwa.
Waɗannan kamfanoni sun riga sun sami babban ci gaba a kasuwar Intanet, kuma ƙarfinsu yana ci gaba da girma. Suna iya saita ƙa'idodin kansu da haɓaka ayyuka da samfuran da suka dace da su. Bugu da ƙari, suna da hanyoyin samun kuɗi da samun mafi kyawun farawa, don faɗaɗa daular su ta dijital.
GAFAMs sun zama mahimmanci ga yawancin masu amfani da Intanet, amma ana sukar ikon su sau da yawa. Lallai, waɗannan kamfanoni suna da kusan cikakken iko a kan wasu sassa na kasuwar Intanet, waɗanda ke haifar da cin zarafi da ayyukan cin hanci da rashawa. Bugu da kari, ikonsu na tattarawa da sarrafa bayanan masu amfani da Intanet galibi ana yin Allah wadai da shi a matsayin mamayewa na sirri. a
Duk da sukar da ake yi, GAFAMs na ci gaba da mamaye kasuwar Intanet kuma hakan ba zai yuwu ya canza ba nan gaba kadan. Wadannan kamfanoni sun zama mahimmanci ga yawancin masu amfani da Intanet, kuma yana da wuya a yi tunanin makomar gaba ba tare da su ba.
IPO
Apple shine kamfanin GAFAM mafi tsufa dangane da IPO. An kafa ta a shekarar 1976 da fitaccen dan wasa Steve Jobs, ya fito fili a shekarar 1980. Sai Microsoft daga Bill Gates (1986), Amazon daga Jeff Bezos (1997), Google daga Larry Page da Sergey Brin (2004) da Facebook na Mark Zuckerberg (2012) ).
Samfura da sassan kasuwanci
Da farko, kamfanonin GAFAM sun mayar da hankali kan sababbin fasahohi, musamman ta hanyar samar da tsarin aiki - wayar hannu ko gyarawa - kwamfutoci ko tashoshi na wayar hannu kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu da agogon da aka haɗa. Hakanan ana samun su a cikin lafiya, yawo ko ma mota.
fafatawa
A zahiri, GAFAM ba shine kawai rukunin kamfanonin da ke wanzu ba. Wasu kuma sun fito, kamar FAANG. Muna samun Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Google da Netflix. A cikin wannan rukunin, giant ɗin ya ɗauki matsayin kamfanin Redmond. A gefe guda, Netflix shine kawai kamfanin da ya dace da mabukaci idan ya zo ga abun ciki na multimedia, kodayake Amazon da - tabbas Apple - sun bi sawu. Muna tunanin, musamman, na Amazon Prime Video. Muna kuma magana akan NATU. A nata bangare, wannan rukunin ya haɗa da Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla da Uber.
GAFAM, daular da aka gina dutse da dutse
Haukawar haɓaka ayyukansu ya sa kamfanonin GAFAM su gina daula ta gaske. Wannan ya dogara ne akan yawan saye da hannun jari da wasu kamfanoni na Amurka suka yi.
A gaskiya ma, muna samun tsari iri ɗaya. Da farko, GAFAMs sun fara da sababbin fasaha. Bayan haka, kamfanonin sun tsawaita ayyukansu ta hanyar siyan wasu kamfanoni masu aiki a wasu fannoni.
Misalin Amazon
Fara Amazon a cikin ƙaramin ofishi mai sauƙi, Jeff Bezos ya kasance mai siyar da littattafan kan layi mai sauƙi. A yau, kamfaninsa ya zama jagoran da ba a saba da shi ba a cikin kasuwancin e-commerce. Don cimma wannan, ta aiwatar da ayyukan kwace da dama, kamar sayan Zappos.
Amazon kuma ya kware wajen rabon kayayyakin abinci, bayan ya mallaki Kasuwar Abinci gaba daya akan dala biliyan 13,7. Hakanan ana samun shi a cikin Intanet na Abubuwa (IoT), Cloud da streaming (Amazon Prime).
Misalin Apple
A nasa bangare, kamfanin Cupertino ya mallaki kusan kamfanoni 14 da suka kware a ciki basirar wucin gadi tun 2013. Waɗannan kamfanoni kuma sun kasance ƙwararrun masana a fuskar fuska, mataimaka na gani da sarrafa software.
Hakanan Apple ya sami ƙwararren ƙwararren sauti na Beats akan dala biliyan 3 (2014). Tun daga nan, alamar Apple ta zana wani muhimmin wuri don kanta a cikin kiɗan kiɗa ta Apple Music. Ta haka ya zama mai tsanani gasa ga Spotify.
Misalin Google
Kamfanin Mountain View shima ya sami rabon saye. A gaskiya ma, yawancin samfuran da muka sani a yau (Google Doc, Google Earth) an haife su ne daga waɗannan abubuwan da suka wuce. Google yana yin surutu da yawa tare da Android. Kamfanin ya sami OS a cikin 2005 akan adadin dala miliyan 50.
Ciwon Google bai tsaya nan ba. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya tashi don cin nasara kan basirar wucin gadi, girgije da kamfanonin taswira.
Misalin Facebook
A nasa bangaren Facebook bai fi sauran kamfanonin GAFAM kwadayi ba. Kamfanin Mark Zuckerberg duk da haka ya aiwatar da ayyuka masu hankali, kamar sayan AboutFace, Instagram ko Snapchat. A yau, ana kiran kamfanin Meta. Ba ya son wakiltar hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa mai sauƙi. Hakanan, a halin yanzu tana mai da hankali kan Metaverse da hankali na wucin gadi.
Misali na Microsoft
Kamar Facebook, Microsoft ba ya da kwadayi sosai wajen siyan wani kamfani. Musamman a cikin wasa ne kamfanin Redmond ya keɓance kansa, musamman ta hanyar siyan Minecraft da ɗakin studio ɗin Mojang akan dala biliyan 2,5. Har ila yau, an sami sayen Activision Blizzard - ko da wannan aikin shine batun wasu takaddama -.
Me yasa wadannan saye?
“Sami ƙarin don samun ƙarin”… A zahiri, ɗan haka ne. Wannan shine sama da duk zaɓin dabarun. Ta hanyar siyan waɗannan kamfanoni, GAFAMs sama da duka sun kwace haƙƙin mallaka. Big Five kuma sun haɗa ƙungiyoyin injiniyoyi da ƙwarewa da aka sani.
Menene oligarchy?
Duk da haka, dabara ce da ta kasance batun cece-kuce. Lallai, ga wasu masu lura, wannan mafita ce mai sauƙi. Rashin samun damar ƙirƙira, Big Five sun fi son siyan kamfanoni masu ban sha'awa.
Ayyukan da suka kashe su "ba komai" idan aka yi la'akari da babban ƙarfin kuɗin su. Saboda haka wasu sun yi tir da ikon kuɗi da kuma sha'awar kawar da duk gasa. Haqiqa yanayi ne na oligarchy wanda saboda haka aka sanya shi, tare da duk abin da yake nufi ...
Don karanta: Menene ma'anar acronym DC ke nufi? Fina-finai, TikTok, Gajewa, Likita, da Washington, DC
Cikakken Iko da Rigimar "Big Brother".
Idan akwai batun da ke tayar da zargi, shi ne na sarrafa bayanan sirri. Hotuna, bayanan tuntuɓar juna, sunaye, abubuwan da ake so… Waɗannan su ne tabbatattun ma'adinan zinare ga gwanayen GAFAM. Haka kuma an sha fama da badakala da dama da ke bata sunan su.
Leaks a cikin 'yan jaridu, bayanan sirri da kuma zarge-zarge daban-daban sun shafi Facebook. Ana zargin kamfanin Mark Zuckerberg da yin amfani da bayanan sirri na masu amfani da shi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin Mayu 2022, Mai Shari'a na Amurka ya ji wanda ya kafa hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa. Wani lamari ne da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba wanda ya sa tawada da yawa ya kwarara.
Tasirin "Big Brother".
Don haka za mu iya yin magana game da tasirin “Big Brother”? Ƙarshen, a matsayin tunatarwa, yana wakiltar ra'ayi na sa ido na jimlar da Georges Orwell ya ambata a cikin Shahararren littafinsa mai hangen nesa 1984. Abubuwan da aka haɗa suna cikin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun a yau. Sun ƙunshi mafi kusancin sirrikan mu.
Ana zargin GAFAMs da yin amfani da wannan bayanai masu mahimmanci don sa ido kan masu amfani da su. Manufar, a cewar masu sukar, ita ce sayar da wannan bayanin ga manyan masu saka hannun jari, kamar masu talla ko wasu kasuwancin kasuwanci.
