Ukusabalala kungukuthi inani elilindelekile lokuhluka okuhlobene nokuphumayo. Lokhu kusitshela ububanzi bamanani angaba khona esingalindela ukuwabona. Isimo. Umumo ubonisa ukuthi ukuhluka kusatshalaliswa kanjani mayelana nendawo.
Hereof, Kusho ukuthini ukusabalala esakhiweni samachashazi? Isikhungo sesethi yedatha siyindlela yokuchaza inani elijwayelekile kusethi yedatha. Ukusabalala kwesethi yedatha ngu ukuthi amanani edatha asakazwa kanjani kusethi. Uma unamasethi edatha amabili ahlukene amelwe kuziqephu zamachashazi, ungasebenzisa iziqephu zamachashazi ezimbili ukuze uqhathanise umumo, isikhungo, nokusabalala kwamasethi edatha amabili.
Ukuchaza kanjani ukusabalala? Izinyathelo zokusabalala ziyachaza ukuthi ifana noma ihluke kangakanani isethi yamanani abhekiwe eguquguqukayo elithile (into yedatha). Izinyathelo zokusabalalisa zihlanganisa ububanzi, ama-quartiles kanye nobubanzi be-interquartile, ukuhluka kanye nokuchezuka okujwayelekile.
Ukwengeza Siyini isikhungo sokusabalalisa? Isikhungo sokusabalalisa sithi maphakathi nokusatshalaliswa. Isibonelo, indawo emaphakathi ka-1 2 3 4 5 inombolo 3. … Bheka igrafu, noma uhlu lwezinombolo, ubone ukuthi isikhungo sisobala yini. Thola incazelo, "isilinganiso" sesethi yedatha. Thola i-median, inombolo ephakathi.
Ukuthola kanjani ukusabalala? Ukuhluka
- Thola incazelo yesethi yedatha.
- Susa inombolo ngayinye kuncazelo.
- Sikwele umphumela.
- Hlanganisa izinombolo ndawonye.
- Hlukanisa umphumela ngenani eliphelele lezinombolo kusethi yedatha.
Ufunda kanjani ukusabalala?
Ukusabalala kwephuzu kungu-a ukubheja emaphethelweni okunqoba ku umdlalo. Iqembu eliqinile noma umdlali uzovunyelwa inombolo ethile yamaphuzu, kuye ngegebe elicatshangelwayo lekhono phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Uphawu lokususa (-) lusho ukuthi iqembu eliyintandokazi. Uphawu lokuhlanganisa (+) lusho ukuthi iqembu lingaphansi.
Yiziphi izilinganiso ezingcono kakhulu zesikhungo nokusabalalisa ukuze zisetshenziswe ukuchaza isethi ngayinye yedatha? Lapho istshekele kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele nge high noma low outliers ke umdidiyeli kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuthola isikhungo. Isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokusabalala lapho i-median iyisikhungo i-IQR. Ngokuqondene nokuthi isikhungo sisho nini, khona-ke ukuchezuka okujwayelekile kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoba kulinganisa ibanga phakathi kwephoyinti ledatha nencazelo.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuchaza kokubili isikhungo nokusabalala? Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani isilinganiso sokusabalala kwamanani edatha sibalulekile, kodwa esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko siphathelene nobudlelwano bayo izinyathelo zokuthambekela okuphakathi. Isilinganiso sokusabalala sisinika umbono wokuthi incazelo, isibonelo, imele kahle kangakanani idatha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuthambekela okumaphakathi nokusabalala?
Izinyathelo ezibonisa cishe isikhungo sokusabalalisa zibizwa ngokuthi izilinganiso zokuthambekela okumaphakathi. Izinyathelo ezichaza ukusabalala kwedatha yizinyathelo zokuhlakazeka. Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa isilinganiso, i-median, imodi, ububanzi, ama-quartiles aphezulu naphansi, umehluko, kanye nokuchezuka okujwayelekile.
Futhi Usichaza kanjani umumo wokusabalalisa? Umumo wokusabalalisa uchazwa ngokuthi inombolo yayo yeziqongo kanye nokuba khona kwayo kokulinganisa, ukuthambekela kwayo ekugwebeni, noma ukufana kwayo. (Ukusabalalisa okutshekile kunamaphuzu amaningi ahlelwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwegrafu kunolunye.)
Sikukala kanjani ukusabalala kokusabalalisa?
Umqondo ngemuva ukuchezuka okujwayelekile ukulinganisa ukusabalala kokusabalalisa ngokukala ukuthi okubonwayo kukude kangakanani nenani lakhona. Ukuchezuka okujwayelekile kunikeza isilinganiso (noma ibanga elijwayelekile) phakathi kwephoyinti ledatha nencazelo.
Siyini isikhungo sesiqu nesiqephu seqabunga? Kumugqa ngamunye, inombolo “ekusiqu” (ikholomu ephakathi) imele idijithi yokuqala (noma amadijithi) yamanani esampula. "Iyunithi yeqabunga" phezulu kwesakhiwo ibonisa ukuthi iyiphi indawo yedesimali emele amanani weqabunga.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusabalalisa?
Ukusabalala okuvamile kuhlanganisa ukusabalala kobisi (njengoshizi, okhilimu, namabhotela, nakuba igama elithi “bhotela” lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekusakazeni okuningi), ama-margarine, uju, okusatshalaliswa okuvela ezitshalweni (okufana nojamu, ojeli, nama-hummus), imvubelo isakazeka (njenge-vegemite ne i-marmite), kanye nezinsalela zenyama (njenge-pâté).
Kungani kubalulekile ukusabalala kwedatha?
Kungani kubalulekile ukukala ukusabalala kwedatha? …Isilinganiso sokusabalala isinika umbono wokuthi incazelo, isibonelo, imele kahle kangakanani idatha. Uma ukusabalala kwamanani kusethi yedatha kukukhulu, incazelo ayimeleli idatha njengokungathi ukusabalala kwedatha kuncane.
Sibizwa ngokuthini isilinganiso sokusabalala lapho i-mean iyisilinganiso sesikhungo? Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa ukuchezuka okujwayelekile njengesilinganiso sokusabalalisa nencazelo njengesilinganiso sesikhungo.
Kusho ukuthini ukusabalala kwe-+7? Kusho ukuthini ukusabalala kwe-+7? Uma ukusabalala kungamaphuzu ayisikhombisa omdlalo, kusho ukuthi i-underdog ithola amaphuzu ayisikhombisa, kuphawulwe njengokuthi +7 emaqandeni. Iqembu elibekwe ku--7 yilona eliyintandokazi futhi libeka amaphuzu ayisikhombisa.
Iyini iphuzu le-2.5 lisakazeka?
Kuyini ukusabalala kwamaphoyinti angu-2.5? Uma i-New York ingu-+2.5, lokho kusho ukuthi banjalo i-underdog futhi ibonwe noma inikezwe amaphuzu angu-2.5. Uma iNew York ilahlekelwa ngamaphuzu amabili noma ambalwa, kusho ukubheja okuphumelelayo. Uma iNew York ikhipha ukucasuka okuqondile, lokho kubuye kube ukubheja okuphumelelayo.
Kusho ukuthini ukusabalala kwe-1.5? Iphoyinti lokubheja lokubheja ku-baseball
Iphuzu elisabalala kuma-baseball odd livame ukubizwa ngokuthi umugqa wokugijima. Ku-MLB, umugqa wokugijima cishe uhlala ubekwe ku-1.5, okusho ukuthi intandokazi idinga ukunqoba ngama-run amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Kusho ukuthini ukuma kuzibalo?
Izilinganiso zomumo chaza ukusatshalaliswa (noma iphethini) yedatha ngaphakathi kwedathasethi. Umumo wokusabalalisa wedatha yobuningi ungachazwa njengoba kunokuhleleka okunengqondo kumanani, futhi amanani esiphetho 'aphansi' kanye 'nokuphakama' ku-x-eksisi ye-histogram ayakwazi ukukhonjwa.
Yiziphi izilinganiso zesikhungo nokusabalalisa ezinikeza isifinyezo esingcono kakhulu sale histogram yokusabalalisa? Incazelo ifanelekile ukuthi isetshenziselwe izilinganiso zesikhungo kanye nokusabalala kokusatshalaliswa kwe-symmetric ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinto ezingaphandle. Umlamuleli kuyisinqumo esifanele ukuchaza isikhungo sokusabalalisa.
Yiziphi izilinganiso zesikhungo nokusabalalisa okufanele zisetshenziselwe idatha esethwe ku-histogram engenhla?
Kusho ifanele ukusetshenziselwa izilinganiso zesikhungo kanye nokusabalala kokusatshalaliswa kwe-symmetric ngaphandle kwanoma yimaphi ama-outliers. I-median iyinketho efanelekile yokuchaza isikhungo sokusabalalisa.
Kwenzekani esikhungweni somumo nokuhlukahluka uma ususa incazelo kumphumela ngamunye? Ukumisa okuguquguqukayo kuthinta kanjani ukuma, indawo, nokusabalala kokusatshalaliswa kwakho? ...kodwa Hhayi ukusabalala noma umumo wokusabalalisa. Uma wengeza noma ukhipha okungaguquki kumphumela ngamunye ekusabalaliseni. isilinganiso sishintsha ngenani elingeziwe noma elikhishiwe; kodwa i ukuchezuka okujwayelekile nokuhluka hlalani ninjalo.