Ukutenxa komgangatho ozalanayo ukwabizwa ngokuba yipesenti yefomula yokutenxa emgangathweni, ngu umlinganiselo wokutenxa osixelela ukuba amanani ahlukeneyo kwiseti yedatha ethile asasazeke njani malunga nentsingiselo. ...Ukuba imveliso yehla, ngoko ke amanani asondele kunomyinge wayo.
Ngoku, Yintoni i-RSD kwikhemistri? Iti ukutenxa komgangatho ohambelanayo (i-RSD okanye i-%RSD) lixabiso elipheleleyo le-coefficient yokwahluka. … Ukutenxa komgangatho onxulumeneyo kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhemistri yohlalutyo ukubonisa ukuchaneka nokuphinda-phinda kovavanyo.
Ibalwa njani ukutenxa?
- Ifomula yokuphambuka esemgangathweni inokubonakala iphambanisa, kodwa iya kuba sengqiqweni emva kokuba siyiphule. …
- Inyathelo 1: Fumana intsingiselo.
- Inyathelo 2: Kwindawo nganye yedatha, fumana isikwere somgama waso ukuya kwiintsingiselo.
- Inyathelo 3: Dibanisa amaxabiso ukusuka kwiNyathelo 2.
- Inyathelo 4: Yahlulahlula inani lamanqaku edatha.
- Inyathelo 5: Thatha ingcambu yesikwere.
Okongeziweyo Yintoni ukutenxa ngokunxulumene kwiinkcukacha-manani? Ukutenxa ngokwesalamana
Umndilili wotembuko onxulumeneyo, d, njengokutenxa okusemgangathweni, kuluncedo ukumisela ukuba idatha idityaniswe njani malunga nentsingiselo. …Bala ukutenxa, d=|xi – ˉx|, kuluhlu ngalunye. Bala umndilili wezi nxaxhi. Yahlula loo mndilili wokutenxa ngokweenkcukacha zedatha.
Ubala njani umahluko ohambelanayo? Umahluko ohambelanayo ngu Umahluko, wahlulwe ngexabiso elipheleleyo lentsingiselo (s2/|x̄|). Ungaphinda-phinda iziphumo nge-100 ukufumana ipesenti yeRV.
Ubala njani ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kunye ne-RSD?
Ukutenxa komgangatho ohambelanayo (RSD) amaxesha amaninzi kulula ngakumbi. Ibonakaliswa ngepesenti kwaye kunjalo ifunyenwe ngokuphinda-phinda ukutenxa okusemgangathweni nge-100 kunye nokwahlula le mveliso ngomndilili.
Ubala njani ukuchaneka okuhambelanayo? Ifomula echanekileyo ehambelanayo yile:st/t. Idla ngokunikwa ngokomlinganiselo (umz. 5/8), okanye njengepesenti. Ukuchaneka okuthe ngqo kusenokusetyenziswa ukubonisa ixesha lokuzithemba kumlinganiselo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-RP yi-10% kunye nomlinganiselo wakho ngama-220 degrees, ngoko ixesha lokuzithemba liyi-220 degrees ± 22 degrees.
Yintoni ixabiso elilungileyo le-RSD? Umda owamkelekileyo "wesiqhelo" wokuphinda-phinda 2% (kodwa kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokugxininiswa kwe-analyte). Ngokumalunga ne-CV% (i-coefficient of variation) unyanisile, iyafana ne-RSD (inxamnye esemgangathweni ozalanayo).
Yintoni ifomula yokutenxa esemgangathweni ngomzekelo?
Umzekelo wefomula yokutenxa emgangathweni:
Ukuthabatha intsingiselo kwinani ngalinye, ufumana (1 – 4) = –3, (3 – 4) = –1, (5 – 4) = +1, kunye (7 – 4) = +3. Xa uphinda-phinda isiphumo ngasinye kwezi, ufumana u-9, 1, 1, no-9. Xa udibanisa ezi ziphumo, intlawulo yi-20. … Utenxa olusemgangathweni kula manqaku amane emibuzo ngamanqaku ayi-2.58.
Kwakhona Yintoni umzekelo wokutenxa? Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni ilinganisa ukusasazeka kwedatha malunga nexabiso eliphakathi. ... Umzekelo, intsingiselo yezi zimbini zilandelayo iyafana: 15, 15, 15, 14, 16 kunye no-2, 7, 14, 22, 30. Nangona kunjalo, okwesibini ngokucacileyo kunatyisiwe. Ukuba isethi inomgangatho ophantsi wokutenxa, amaxabiso awasasazwa kakhulu.
Yintoni indlela eqhelekileyo yokutenxa?
Ukuphambuka okumiselweyo ngu i-square root e-positive yomahluko. Ukuphambuka okusemgangathweni yenye yeendlela ezisisiseko zohlalutyo lwamanani. ...Ukuba sifumana ukutenxa komgangatho ophantsi ngoko kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso ahlala ekufutshane nentsingiselo ngelixa ukutenxa komgangatho ophezulu kusixelela ukuba amaxabiso akude kwixabiso eliphakathi.
Ulufumana njani uluhlu oluhambelanayo? Thabatha elona xabiso lisezantsi kwelona liphezulu ukubala uluhlu. Kulo mzekelo, uluhlu luyi-$ 41.12 - $ 34.68 = $ 6.44. Yahlula uluhlu nge-avareji yexabiso, kwaye uphinde uphindaphinde isiphumo nge-100 ukubala uluhlu lwepesenti ehambelanayo.
Ithini ifomula yokutenxa okusemgangathweni kwedatha ehlanganisiweyo?
Fumana ukutenxa okusemgangathweni usebenzisa ifomula 1 N ∑ fi ( xi − x ˉ ) 2 frac{1}{N}sqrt{sum f_{i}(x_{i}-bar{x}))^{2}} N1∑fi(xi−xˉ)2.
Ukufumana njani ukutenxa kwi-quartile kunye ne-coefficient yokutenxa kwe-quartile?
Yintoni iQuartile Deviation?
- Ukutenxa kweKotatile = (iNqanaba yesiThathu – iQuartile yokuQala) / 2.
- Ukutenxa ngekota =(Q 3 -Q 1 ) / 2. Ukutenxa kwequartile kungabalwa kuzo zombini iinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo kunye nedatha engadityaniswanga. …
- I-Coefficient of Quartile Deviation = (Q 3 -Q 1 ) / (Q 3 +Q 1 ) UngaFumana njani ukutenxa kwiQuartile? …
- Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo.
Yintoni umgangatho wokutenxa ngokwahlulwe ngomndilili? I-coefficient yokwahluka (CV) ngumlinganiselo wokuguquguquka okuzalanayo. Lumlinganiselo wokutenxa okusemgangathweni kwintsingiselo (umndilili). Umzekelo, ibinzana elithi “Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni yi-15% yentsingiselo” yi-CV.
Zeziphi iiyunithi ukutenxa emgangathweni? Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kubonakaliswe kwi iiyunithi ezifanayo njengamaxabiso okuqala (umz. imizuzu okanye iimitha). Umahluko ubonakaliswa kwiiyunithi ezinkulu kakhulu (umzekelo, iimitha eziphindwe kabini).
Yintoni ukuchaneka kwepesenti xa kuthelekiswa?
Ukuchaneka okuhambelanayo: - Uvakalisa ukungaqiniseki njengeqhezu lomyinge womdla. Kumzekelo wethu wokuxhaphaka kwe-20% ± 10%, ukungaqiniseki okuhambelanayo yi-10% ye-20% elingana ne-2%.
Ngaba ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kulinganisa ukuchaneka? Iti ukutenxa umgangatho ulinganisa ukuchaneka kovavanyo; oko kukuthi, imilinganiselo yomntu isondele kangakanani enye kwenye. (Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni akulinganiseli cala, nto leyo efuna uthelekiso lweziphumo zakho kwixabiso ekujoliswe kulo njengeqela loontanga bakho.)
Ubala njani ukuchaneka kunye nokungaqiniseki?
Ngaba i-RSD ichanekile okanye ichanekile? Iti I-RSD ilinganisa ukuchaneka komndilili weziphumo zakho. … Okukhona utembuko lomgangatho obaliweyo lusiba luncinane, kokukhona umlinganiselo uchaneke ngakumbi. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwikhemistri, kwaye kulula ukubala.
Ngaba ukutenxa kumgangatho ophezulu ozalanayo kulungile okanye kubi?
Oku kuthetha ukuba unikezelo olunomlinganiso wokwahluka okuphezulu kuno-1 luthathwa njengomahluko ophezulu ngelixa ezo zine-CV engaphantsi kuno-1 zithathwa njengomahluko ophantsi. Khumbula, ukutenxa emgangathweni akukho “kulungile” okanye “kubi”. … Akukho nto injengokulunga okuphezulu okanye okuphezulu okuphezulu.
Uyibala njani i-RSD kwi-Powerpoint? Ukutenxa ngokwesalamana
- Bala umndilili, ˉx, nayo yonke idatha ekumgangatho ophezulu.
- Bala ukutenxa, d=|x i – ˉx|, kuluhlu ngalunye.
- Bala umndilili wezi nxaxhi.
- Yahlula loo mndilili wokutenxa ngokwendlela yedatha. Eli nani lichazwa ngokubanzi njengeenxalenye kwiwaka ngalinye (ppt).