Isetyenziselwa ukuhombisa iphepha kunye nesicatshulwa. Oku kunokuba ngumzekelo womda owenziwe ngeentyatyambo kunye neepateni zezityalo, i-tracery (i-intertwined abstract pattern). Unobumba unombala nje (odla ngokuba bomvu) ukuphawula ukuqala kwesahluko okanye umhlathi omtsha.
Ziziphi izixhobo zesikhanyisi? I-Goose, i-pheasant, i-crow, i-turkey, iintsiba zokhozi, umzekelo, zazisetyenziselwa ukubhala. Intsiba yesinyithi isetyenziswa "yangoku" (XIX °) nangona yaqalwa kwakudala kakhulu (ukufunyanwa kweentsiba zobhedu ngexesha lokwembiwa kwindawo yakudala).
Iphepha lenziwe njani?
Ufele lwegusha, ufele lwethole okanye ufele lwebhokhwe olulungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukufumana ubhalo. Ulusu lwethole elincinane kakhulu, elibukhali, Est eyaziwa ngokuba yi "vellum". Ukuveliswa kwe isikhumba, ekuthiwa yintsomi kubemi basePergamon (yiloo nto ke igama elithi pergamenum), ngokungathandabuzekiyo lasusela ekuqaleni kwexesha lamaKristu.
Zifana ngantoni izikhanyiso kunye nencinci?
Khanyisa Est ubugcisa bokuzoba nokupeyinta kwimibhalo-ngqangi okanye ezincwadini. VS'Est ubugcisa obunemibala, ngokwesiseko samaxesha aphakathi. I Encinaneyena, Est umzobo ozimeleyo wemilinganiselo emincinci, eya kusinda kwincwadi ukuba ibe ngumsebenzi wobugcisa ngokwayo, ingathobeli nayiphi na ikhowudi.
Uhonjiswe njani umbhalo-ngqangi weCarolingian?
ngaphandle kwegolide, nesilivere, nomfusa; imibhalo-ngqangi ihonjisiwe usebenzisa iindidi ezininzi zokukhanya okanye ezimnyama ezisuka kumbala wendalo, wemvelaphi yezimbiwa (vermilion, lapis-lazuli, orpiment ...), isilwanyana (purple ...), imifuno (indigo, orseille ...), okanye eyenziweyo ii-pigments eziveliswa ngu...
Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zokukhanyisa?
IyaEst ayiqhelekanga ukufumana kumbhalo-ngqangi omnye abaninzi iintlobo umhombiso. Omnye wahlula ubukhulu becala imiboniso engokomfanekiso, iingoma zokuhombisa kuphela kunye noonobumba bokuqala.
Yintoni umsebenzi wesikhanyisi?
Ngebrashi kunye nosiba, iisikhanyisi uzobe aze afake imibala koonobumba bokuqala kunye nezihombiso zemibhalo-ngqangi yonqulo okanye yehlabathi. Umzobo Est yenziwe ngemibala yendalo, yona Est ngamanye amaxesha aphuculwe ngegolide okanye iqabunga lesilivere, elisetyenziswe kumaphepha obugcisa obuhle okanye izikhumba.
Yintoni ukhanyiso?
L 'isikhanyisi, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-primer ekhanyayo, iphucula ibala elimnyama nelibuhlungu kakhulu. Imveliso yokwenyani eyimfuneko yokufumana i-make-up ekhanyayo, iqaqambisa iindawo ezithile zobuso ngelixa ifihla imiqondiso emininzi yokudinwa ngenxa yomdlalo ochuliweyo wezithunzi kunye nezibane.
Ithini igama lendebe eboniswe kumsongo?
Igazi likaKristu Est efuziselwa yiwayini. 5- Ngokolwazi lwakho, lithini igama lendebe emele kwiphepha lesikhumba ? Inkqubo ye- nom de cut is iChalice eNgcwele.
Yintoni umqulu ongabhalwanga?
Le isikhumba esetyenziselwa ukubhala nokushicilela ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngeemfele zeebhokhwe neegusha; eyona intle, ebizwa ngokuba yivellum okanye iP[archemin] intombi, yenziwe ngezintsu zethole, nezemvana, nezebhokhwe; i isikhumba rhabaxa, kwizikrini, amagubu, njl.
Indlela yokwenza umqulu kwiLizwi?
Ukuguqula uxwebhu lube isikhumba, ilaphu, ilitye okanye umthi, ungasebenzisa ukuthungwa njengemvelaphi. igama ikunika ukhetho phakathi kwezinto ezininzi zokuthungwa. Vula i-Design thebhu yeribhoni igama. Kwindawo engasemva kwePhepha, cofa Umbala wePhepha kwaye emva koko ucofe i-Fill Effects.
Yintoni i-miniature kumaXesha Aphakathi?
Au Kwiminyaka ephakathi, i-calligrapher qui esetyenzisiweyo le oxide yayibizwa ngokuba yiLatin miniator. … Ubuncinane Est ioksidi yelothe esetyenziswa njengebala elibomvu elibomvu ukulandelela oonobumba kwimibhalo-ngqangi ekhanyayo. Ukongeza, i Encinane uye wamisela ngobuchule umfanekiso oveliswa ezincwadini.
Yiyiphi i-calligraphy eyayisetyenziswa kwimibhalo-ngqangi yamaxesha aphakathi?
Imibhalo yayibhalwe ngosiba; ukuzenza, thina ebesebenzisa iintsiba zamarhanisi, amadada okanye ezinye iintaka.
Kutheni sinokuthi lo mbhalo-ngqangi ngumsebenzi wobugcisa?
Impumelelo ye-a umbhalo-ngqangi imele a umsebenzi ixesha elide, nto leyo eyenzeka kwizigaba ezininzi et ibiza izakhono ezahlukeneyo zamagcisa aliqela et amagcisa. Inyathelo lokuqala kukukopa i ITEKISI itshiwo kakuhle.
Ngawaphi amaziko aphambili emveliso yemibhalo-ngqangi yeCarolingian?
Les yesandla yasebukhosini kunye nabo, isebenza ukusuka kwabakhulu amaziko emveliso ukusuka emantla nasempuma yeFransi ukuya kwiNtlambo yaseLoire, nge-Ile-de-France, simema ukuba sijonge ngokutsha ukuxhaswa kobukhosi, imeko yeencwadi kubuncwane beecawe kwaye, ngokubanzi, kwi ...
Ngubani ingcaphephe enkulu yeCarolingian Renaissance?
Charlemagne, izikolo kunye nenkcubeko yenkundla.
Yintoni i-drop cap kwi-Middle Ages?
Une lahla ikepusi Imbali, ekwabizwa ngokuba yincwadi yembali, ngaloo ndlela qu'imbali yokuqala Est unobumba obalisayo obumbeneyo owenza omnye weyona miba yoqobo yoyilo Kwiminyaka ephakathi. Yena Est yahluliwe, yandiswa ukusuka kumzimba wesicatshulwa kwaye ihlala ibekwe kuqala.
Yintoni i-drop cap kwi-Middle Ages?
Une lahla ikepusi Imbali, ekwabizwa ngokuba yincwadi yembali, ngaloo ndlela qu'imbali yokuqala Est unobumba obalisayo obumbeneyo owenza omnye weyona miba yoqobo yoyilo Kwiminyaka ephakathi. Yena Est yahluliwe, yandiswa ukusuka kumzimba wesicatshulwa kwaye ihlala ibekwe kuqala.
Leliphi iphepha lokukhanyisa?
Kukho zonke iintlobo iphepha, kodwa i iphepha kusetyenziswa ngokwesiko galela l 'isikhanyiso est un iphepha yomelele (malunga ne 300g) ishushu icinezelwe njenge iphepha i-watercolor. Unokuthatha amanyathelo akho okuqala iphepha ithengiswe ngobuninzi okanye ngabanye. Khetha kubo amaphepha i-asidi-free kunye ne-non-absorbent.
Ngubani owabhala le misongo?
Ukunyanzelwa ukuba bafumane enye imveliso, abemi basePergamon, ngokukaVarro noPliny, babeza kuyila isikhumba okanye "Pergamon isikhumba". Kumyalelo awawuvakalisayo ngowama-301 A.D.
Sithini isichazi sesikhumba?
Inkcazo yesikhumba
ekhangeleka ngathi a isikhumba, yomile kwaye ishwabene.
Uwusebenzisa njani umqulu?
L 'utiliser Ingcebiso yethu yokuqala iya kuba kukugcina eyakho isikhumba kwindawo eyomileyo, kude nokukhanya. Eli phepha libuthathaka kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ligcinwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Lungisa iphepha phambi kweutiliser, oku kuya kukuthintela ukuba ungayidali.
Avezwa njani amaphepha esikhumba?
Amaphepha anokuhlanganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: i-volume yiseti yamaphepha athungelwe omnye komnye kwaye enze umqulu (usetyenziswe kude kube yi-IV. e - V e kwinkulungwane). Isafumaneka rhoqo kwiXV e kwinkulungwane, umzekelo eBrittany, eza kusetyenziselwa ukuyila ixesha elide lolingo.