📱 2022-08-27 13:32:37 - Paris/France.
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Kubantu abaninzi baseMelika, iimoto zombane ziyathandeka ukuya kuthi ga apho bacinga ukuyithatha uhambo olude lwendlela.
Imoto yerhasi iya kubavumela ukuba bahambe umndilili weemayile ezingama-400 kwitanki epheleleyo - kwaye ukutshaja kwakhona kuthatha imizuzu. Intlawulo epheleleyo kwisithuthi sombane kunokwenzeka ukuba ihambe phakathi kwama-200 kunye nama-300 eemayile, kwaye inokuthatha ukuya kutsho kwi-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30 yokutshaja phambi kokuba ubuyele endleleni.
Le yenye yeengxaki eziphambili ezijongene nezopolitiko kunye nabenzi beemoto abazama ukunyusa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane: isiseko somthengi esithandabuzayo esilungele ukufumana isizathu sokungenzi utshintsho.
Kwingxelo ekhutshwe kule veki, abaphandi bakarhulumente bathi bafumene indlela yokubiza iibhetri zeemoto zombane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% kwimizuzu nje ye-10. Indlela inokuba yiminyaka emihlanu ukuba ifike kwintengiso, izazinzulu zatsho, kodwa ziya kuphawula utshintsho olusisiseko.
"Injongo kukuba usondele kakhulu [kumaxesha] onokuwabona kwimpompo yegesi," utshilo u-Eric Dufek, umbhali okhokelayo wophononongo kunye nososayensi kwiLebhu yeSizwe yase-Idaho, iziko lophando eliqhutywa nguMphathiswa Amandla.
Amaqhuqhuva amakhulu kwindlela yokuguqula izigidi zabaqhubi baseMelika kwizithuthi zombane
Ingxelo iza njengoko abalawuli beBiden bethatha umsebenzi onzima: ukuzama ukukhulula iMelika kwiimoto ezikhupha igesi kwaye bazityhalele kwiimoto zombane. Nangona iibhiliyoni zeedola zikaRhulumente zityalwe kwimigudu, izithuthi zombane zisabhekwa njenge-elitist, ezingathembekiyo kwaye kunzima ukuzihlawula, okwenza abantu bathandabuze ukutshintsha.
Okwangoku, abavelisi beemoto kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zisebenzisa iindidi ezininzi zeetshaja ezibonelela ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo exesha lokutshaja.
Eyona nto icothayo, eyaziwa ngokuba ziitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1, inokuhlaziya ibhetri yemoto yombane kwiiyure ezingama-40 ukuya kwiiyure ze-5o, ngokweSebe lezoThutho laseMelika. Ezinye zezona zikhawulezayo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziitshaja zeDC, zinokutshaja ibhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwiyure.
Inethiwekhi ebanzi kaTesla yeeSupercharger inokubonelela ngeekhilomitha ezingama-200 zokutshaja ngemizuzu eyi-15, yatsho inkampani. Kodwa izixhobo ezisebenzisayo zenza ukuba zivaliwe kwezinye iimoto zombane eUnited States. (Kamva kulo nyaka, uTesla uya kukhupha izixhobo zokutshaja ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngabaqhubi abangengoTesla, i-White House yatsho kwingxelo kaJuni.)
UTesla ufana ne "iPhone kumavili". Kwaye abathengi bavalelwe kwi-ecosystem yayo.
Kodwa umdyarho wokuhlawula iimoto zombane kakhulu uye wabetha imiqobo yendlela kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ingxaki yibhalansi ethambileyo phakathi kokuzama ukuhlawula ibhetri yesithuthi sombane ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kungekhona ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwibhetri okanye kudlala indima ekubangele ukuba iqhume. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweebhetri zombane kunokubangela umonakalo, ukunciphisa ubomi bebhetri kunye nokusebenza, izazinzulu zathi.
“Unebhetri xa wawuqala ukuzifumana, zazintle, kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa okanye imijikelo embalwa yentlawulo, aziqhubi kakuhle,” utshilo uEric D. Wachsman, umlawuli weMaryland Energy Innovation Institute. umbutho uphando amandla kwiYunivesithi Maryland.
Ngaphakathi kugqatso lwebhetri yemoto ebiza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayibambi umlilo
Ukuzama ukusombulula le ngxaki, uDufek neqela lakhe basebenzise ukufunda koomatshini ukuqonda ukuba iibhetri ziguga njani xa zitshaja ngokukhawuleza. I-algorithm yabo yaqeqeshelwa ukuhlalutya i-20 ukuya kwi-000 amanqaku edatha ebonisa ukuba ibhetri yayihlawula kakuhle kangakanani kwaye ingaba iguga okanye iyancipha.
Iindlela abazifumeneyo zinokubiza ibhetri yemoto yombane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% kwimizuzu eyi-10, utshilo uDufek, kodwa banethemba lokwenza ngcono. Kule minyaka mihlanu izayo, iqela likaDufek lisebenzela ukukhangela indlela yokutshaja iibhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwiimayile ezingama-20 ngomzuzu, igqithise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezona tshaja zinamandla kakhulu, ezindanda malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-15 yeemayile ngomzuzu.
“Ndicinga ukuba singayenza,” utshilo uDufek.
UWachsman uthe uphando olutsha luluncedo ebaleni. “Ayikhawulezi kakhulu, ayicothi kakhulu,” utshilo uDufek ngendlela yokutshaja. "Ilungile kulaa ndawo yaseGoldilocks."
Kodwa eyona nzuzo inkulu, wathi, iya kuba le ndlela yokukhuthaza abenzi beemoto ukuba benze iimoto zombane ngeebhetri ezincinci, kuba ngoku bazakuba neebhetri ezinokutshajiswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziya kuvumela abathengi ukuba bazive benexhala elincinci lokumisa ngamaxesha athile ukuze bafumane ibhetri. ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
“Iibhetri ezincinci ziimoto ezinexabiso eliphantsi,” utshilo.
Eli shishini lijongene nezinye iingxaki. I-JD Power kunye ne-Associates yathi abathengi abaninzi bezithuthi zombane abonwabanga ngezikhululo zokutshaja zoluntu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba iiyunithi zingasebenzi kakuhle okanye zingasebenzi.
"Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba indawo yesikhululo segesi imalunga nokulula-ifumaneka ngokulula, i-refueling ekhawulezileyo kunye nezinto ezilula ngokukhawuleza," utshilo uBrent Gruber, umlawuli olawulayo wezithuthi zehlabathi kwi-JD Power, kwingxelo. "Nokuba izithuthi zabo zihlawuliswa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, abanikazi bezithuthi zombane bayaqhubeka nokuxela ukuba bafuna ukhetho oluninzi malunga nento abanokuyenza ngexesha leseshoni yokutshaja ukuphucula ukulula kunye nexesha lokunciphisa ibhulorho. »
Ngaba iCalifornia isanda kubulala imoto yegesi?
UMarc Geller, isithethi se-Electric Vehicle Association, i-shishini elingenzi nzuzo, uthe ubukhulu becala kuluvo lokuba amaxesha okukhawuleza ahlawuliswe ngumqobo obalulekileyo kubathengi abangathengi izithuthi zombane. “Olu luvo ngokucacileyo luyinyani kwaye alunamsebenzi kangako,” utshilo. Eyona ngxaki inkulu, wongezelela uGeller, kukuba imfuno yodlula unikezelo.
Uninzi lwabathengi, uthe, baya kukhetha ukubiza iimoto zabo ekhaya, kuba kulula kwaye kungabizi kakhulu kunezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke, ezibiza ngaphezulu kombane kuneenkampani ezihlawulisa iinkonzo zoluntu.
“Akukho nto inokuthenjwa okanye ngexabiso eliphantsi njengokutshaja ekhaya,” utshilo uGeller.
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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