🍿 2022-10-23 02:25:00 - Paris/France.
Kufuneka ujonge kuphela ikhathalogu yeNetflix ukubona ubukhulu bayo. Kwiminyaka yamva nje, uthotho, iifilimu kunye namaxwebhu eencwadi ezingaphantsi kohlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho oluyinyani - amabali asekwe kulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani - azuze ukubaluleka okukhulu kwiqonga Ukusasaza.
Kwaye akuyongxaki yobonelelo kuphela. Impumelelo yolu hlobo lwebali kukuba akothusi ukufumana ngaphezulu kwesinye sezi zihloko zikhuphisana ngeendawo ezilishumi zokuqala kwihlabathi.. Uvavanyo lwamva nje luvela kwisandla seemveliso ezimbini eziphefumlelwe kwimeko efanayo: uthotho IDahmer – Irhamncwa: Ibali likaJeffrey Dahmer kunye nothotho lweengxelo Iincoko noMbulali: Iikhasethi zikaJeffrey Dahmerzombini zisekwe kwibali elirhabaxa lesaphuli-mthetho saseMelika esiteketiswa ngegama elithi "The Butcher of Milwaukee", ngenxa yomkhwa walo wokuqhaqha, ukucazulula kunye nokutya amalungu amaxhoba akhe.
Akukho kunqongophala kwemizekelo. Iiteyiphu zeTed Bundy (2019) Unyana kaSam: Ukwehlela esihogweni (2021)Nozipho: Ukubulala eCork (2021)Inyoka (2021) Ndambulala nje utata (2022) Ukuphapha (2022) kunye nemveliso yesizwe Iintsuku ezingama-42 ebumnyameni (2022) -iphefumlelwe yiVivian Heager yokuxhwila kunye netyala lokubulala- Ezi zezinye zeemveliso ezisekelwe kwiziganeko zangempela ezikhoyo eqongeni, ezithi, zibonise nje i-brushstroke encinci yomnikelo opheleleyo.
Ngaphezu koko amanani anxibelelana nawo, Ziliqela izinto ezinokunceda ukucacisa umbuzo wokuba kutheni amabali olwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani esichukumisa kangaka.. UCarolina Valenzuela, ingcali yengqondo yengqondo kunye nomlawuli we-Master in Legal and Forensic Psychology kwiYunivesithi yase-Diego Portales, ugxininisa imvakalelo eveliswa kwinqanaba lokungazi.
“La mabali avuselela umdla ikakhulu ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi okubandakanya ukwazi iinkcukacha ekungelula ukufikelela kuzo. Njengabantu, kwinqanaba lokungazi, ukubandezeleka kwabanye kuvelisa kuthi ukuzola nokuzola okuthile: ukuba "ububi" bungaphandle kwaye buyenzeka kwabanye buqinisekisa imvakalelo yokhuseleko kwaye yomeleza imbono enengqondo yokuba, xa ndijongene neemeko endizijongayo. Ndiyahlangabezana, ngendenze ngokwahlukileyo, kunzima ke ukuba le yenzeke kum (umzekelo. ukuzixelela ukuba 'andizukumvulela ucango umntu ongamaziyo' okanye 'andiyi kuzithemba kangako')," utshilo uValenzuela.
UTed Bundy, umbulali olandelanayo. Ifoto nguGetty Imifanekiso
Nangona kunjalo, isazi ngengqondo sicacisa ukuba oku kusengqiqweni akukho ngqiqo “kuba kunzima ukugweba indlela abanye abaziphatha ngayo kwiimeko eziyingozi okanye ukuba sesichengeni. Ezi meko zigqithisayo zingaphaya kolawulo kunye neepatheni zokuqonda esinazo malunga nendlela esifanele siphendule ngayo, ngoko kunzima ukuqikelela ukuziphatha kwethu, nangona uhlalutyo esinokuthi silwenze xa sibona, sifunda okanye siphulaphule la mabali kusinceda. yengqondo".
Isazi sengqondo, uGqirha weSayensi yezeMpilo kunye nomququzeleli we-Master in Forensic Mental Health kwiYunivesithi yeSizwe yaseLa Plata, u-Elizabeth León Mayer, uyavumelana noValenzuela malunga nokufaneleka kokugula kwi-equation, oku kuphinda kuphindwe ngendlela efanayo kunye nezinye. iintlobo ezifana neefilimu zemfazwe. phantsi kombono wakhe, ukusetyenziswa kwezi ntlobo zamabali kudityaniswe nesidingo esithe rhoqo sabantu ukuba bafumane iimvakalelo ezinamandla.
“Asizibukeli nje iifilimu zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwakhona uloyiko, uthando. Kukufuna ukuva iimvakalelo. Yaye ukubukela iifilimu zolwaphulo-mthetho kukwenza uzive unamandla. Iyakuhambisa, ikunika iadrenaline kwaye iyonwabisa. Ivelisa iimvakalelo kum kwaye ke ndiyakwazi ukulibala ngayo. Inxalenye ebuhlungu ayikho,” ucacisa uLeón.
UGqirha wongeza ngelithi ikwangumsebenzi ongenazigqibo ngokwentlalo. “ Ikuvumela ukuba ukhulule iimvakalelo ngaphandle kokuba kubekho icandelo lokohlwaya emva kwayo. Endaweni yoko, ungakhwaza, unokuthi 'yimbi kakhulu', ungabhala xa uyijongile... Ungayithetha yonke loo nto kwaye akukho nto isohlwayo. »
Nangona uninzi lwempumelelo yalo yangoku lubonakaliswa kwiimveliso zeaudiovisual, i-boom ye-subgenre iphuhlisa iminyaka kunye namaqonga ngaphandle kwe Ukusasaza. KuChristian Ramírez, umgxeki kunye nomseki wesayithi Civilcinema, umdla wolwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani ubuyela emva kwiinkulungwane ezininzi.
“Udidi lwabacuphi belunomdla kumfundi okanye kumntu onokuba ngabasebenzisi bala mabali ixesha elide. Ukuvela kwamabali olwaphulo-mthetho kuqale phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, ke ayintshanga kakhulu. Ngandlel’ ithile, ukwanda kwangoku kwala mabali kuye kwaba luhlobo oluthile lokuqhubekeka kwaloo ntshukumisa inye imangalisayo eyenza ukuba ababhali abaninzi bathandwe gqitha ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwanangakumbi ngenkulungwane yama-20,” utsho uRamírez.
Umgxeki ubonisa ukuba umahluko kunye nesiganeko esikhoyo kukuba, ukususela ngoku, "ugxininiso lulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani, oko kukuthi yintoni iTruman Capote kunye kwigazi elibandayo yabanjwa kakuhle kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo: Umbono webali lolwaphulo-mthetho elibhekisa kwiziganeko zokwenyani okanye ezenziwe ngabantu bokwenyani, amaxhoba okwenyani kunye nemikhondo yokwenyani".
URodrigo Munizaga, uthotho lomgxeki weCult, ugxile kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ingakumbi ejonge okwenzeka eUnited States. “ Kubekho ubugebenga bokwenyani kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, kwaye ibiqhelekile kakhulu kwiipodcasts zolwaphulo-mthetho. Oku kwatyhala amajelo kamabonakude kunye Ukusasaza Abantu baseMelika ukuba baqale uku-odola uthotho lwabacuphi bamabali angeyonyani okanye amaxwebhu. Kum kubonakala ngathi lo mcimbi ugxile apho, kuba kwi-cinema uhlobo lomcuphi yinto ehlala ikhona, "ubonisa.
« Lo mtsalane waseMerika kulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyaniso ubangele ukuba bafikelele kwiLatin America, umtsalane eChile onokufaniswa nawo. mna culpa: Yayiyintoni ngalo mboniso kwiminyaka yoo-90 eyayitshayela ireyithingi kwaye isenjalo nanamhlanje? Ewe, ukugula, ukuthabatheka luloyiko, ucinga ukuba okubonayo “kunokwenzeka kum okanye kumntu endimthandayo,” ufuna ukuqonda isizathu sokuba isaphuli-mthetho sisenza le nto siyenzayo. Kwaye, ngendlela, uvelwano kumaxhoba,” wongezelela umgxeki.
Ngoko izinto, Akumangalisi ukuba iNetflix, inkampani ejongene nomrhumo wababhalisi kulo nyaka, ibheja kwimveliso yolu hlobo lomxholo.. Ngandlela thile, i-subgenre iye yatyelelwa ngakumbi kangangokuba kukho oovimba abaninzi, ukufikelela ngakumbi kolu hlobo lophando, kodwa nakwinqanaba lokuba lixabiso eliphantsi kunokwenza ifilimu kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kuba inika umdla ngakumbi. . URamírez uthi: “Kunokuba wenze ifilimu yentsomi.
"INetflix yiyo Ukusasaza uninzi oluzimiseleyo ukuvelisa “ngokwemfuno” okanye ngokusekwe kwiimethrikhi. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani yinto esiyibona kakhulu e-United States kwaye yiyo loo nto uthotho oluninzi kunye neengxelo ziveliswa. Mayibe lilizwe elinezona zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho nababulali abajike abantu abadumileyo. Kwaye oko kubanika iimeko ezininzi ezinokubakho kwiscreen.», wongeza uMunizaga.
Bobabini abagxeki bayavuma ukuba ilizwe laseMntla Melika libeka umgangatho wokuvelisa iintlobo ezithile zomxholo. "Kukho ubudlelwane obupheleleyo, kodwa Ikwangumbuzo woncedo kwicala leli qonga elithatha umxhelo wazo zonke ezi ndlela zidlulayo kunye neefashoni. Kodwa uxhulumaniso umthengi we-Anglo-Saxon, kunye nokwandisa umthengi wehlabathi jikelele, kunye nohlobo lolwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani lunzulu.», uphetha uRamirez.
Xa sisiva ngetyala lamapolisa, iqhelekile into yokuba umntu azazi zonke iinkcukacha ezingemva kwetyala elivelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho umdla omkhulu ekwazini eyona ngxelo isondeleyo yezaphuli-mthetho.
Kwinqanaba lezengqondo, UValenzuela ucacisa ukuba oku kungenxa yemfuneko yokufumana ingcaciso esengqiqweni yeziganeko ezidla ngokubonakala zingenangqiqo.. “Abantu kufuneka baqonde ukuziphatha kobundlobongela, bafumane izizathu zokuba lo mntu enze olona lwaphulo-mthetho lumasikizi kwaye baqinisekise ukuba akukho mntu kwindawo esihlala kuyo ofana naye. Ukujonga kwicala lakhe elisondeleyo, sifuna iinkcazo zezenzo zakhe, kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwimfundo yakhe, kwiintlungu ezithile, kwii-pathologies ezithile, njl. Kukho into ekufuneka ibangele oku kuziphatha kwaye okoko nje sisazi ukuba yintoni esinokuthi ibangele unobangela wokuziphatha kwabo, siziva sinolawulo, ngengqiqo yokwenza ukuvezwa okunokwenzeka kwaba bantu bayingozi kuqikelelwe kwaye kuthintelwe, ngokungathi ukuziphatha okundlongondlongo ku isiphumo sesizathu», Uchaza isifundiswa.
Kutshanje, umkhwa kwiimveliso zolwaphulo-mthetho lokwenyani ibikukugxila kumabali ophuhliso lolwaphulo-mthetho njengomlinganiswa ophambili webali. “ Kukho iHitchcock's classic kunye nephindaphindwayo, kodwa ithandabuza, ingxelo yokuba yeyona villain ilungileyo, eyona filimu okanye ibali, kwaye ndicinga ukuba iyinyani.", ugxininisa uRamírez, nangona esongeza ukuba impumelelo enkulu okanye encinci yeresiphi isezandleni zalowo usebenza njengombalisi.
« Kwavela uhlobo lokwahlukana, ukutenxa kunye nokwahluka ukusuka kwixhoba ukuya kumhlaseleli. Iphinde ibe nesiqingatha ubudala. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kwi kwigazi elibandayo ababulali babengabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo okanye ababaluleke ngakumbi kunamaxhoba ngokwawo, okanye ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwendlela eyathathwa lixhoba de kwaba ngumzuzu wokufa kwalo,” utsho njalo umgxeki. “Inene, sihamba indlela kweli cala. Ngoku into enomdla kukuba yintoni eya kuba sisiphelo sale ndlela. Isenokuba lulungelelwaniso ngokuthe ngqo lweenkumbulo zolwaphulo-mthetho. »
Truman Capote, umbhali Kwigazi elibandayo.
Ngenxalenye yalo, UMunizaga wongeza ngelithi le fomyula isebenza kakuhle ukuba nje "ubuntu obuthile bunikwa umchasi-mthetho", nto leyo ephikisana kakhulu ukuba iyinyani yokwenyani kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba isasazwe ukuba imalunga 'nomtyholi oyintsomi.. Imeko enye luchungechunge ukuwa, apho umhlaseli kunye nombulali wabasetyhini wayengumfana othandekayo, uyise kunye nomyeni olungileyo, kodwa owayephila ubomi obumbaxa. Okukhona iziphene anazo i-villain, kokukhona utsalo olungakumbi analo nabaphulaphuli.
Ngeli xesha, uLeón Mayer uchaza ukuba le nzame yokuqonda ukuziphatha kwezigebengu ngokusebenzisa i-fiction ayisoloko inesiphumo esihle. Uzekelisa ngemeko kaDahmer esithi: “Nayiphi na ingcaciso enikelwayo ngokuphathelele oko akucingayo umbulali, abantu bayayamkela into yokuba injalo. Akuyomfuneko ukuba bazi ukuba le ngcaciso ilungile okanye imbi. Ndabona i-Dahmer kwaye andizange ndiyithande. Kwandidika ukufa. Bazama ukungena engqondweni yakhe, kodwa bayaphumelela. Ngumxube ongaqhelekanga wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, i-psychopathy kunye ne-psychosis, uzama ukucacisa into engenakuchazwa.. Kwakhona akukho uphando olunzulu kwibali likaDahmer, kangangokuba bafuna ukumbonisa njengomntwana oxhatshaziweyo, owayengekho. Ukuba bebebuza uluvo lwam, bendingayi kubanika abafundi bam ukuze bahlalutye.”
UValenzuela uyavumelana nembono yabagxeki. Ngokubanzi, uchungechunge, kunye neefilimu kunye neencwadi, zihlala zihamba ngokucacileyo okanye zityhutyha izinto ezenza lo mbandela ube "yi-monster", eyayeka ukuba ngumntu. » Nangona kunjalo, wongeza ukuba "Ingxaki ngalonto...
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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