✔️ 2022-09-01 06:19:44 - Paris/France.
Wolemba GARANCE BURKE NDI JASON DEAREN
Seputembara 1, 2022 GMT
https://apnews.com/article/technology-police-california-arkansas-d395409ef5a8c6c3f6cdab5b1d0e27ef
Mabungwe azamalamulo akumaloko, kuyambira kumidzi yakumwera kwa California kupita kumidzi yaku North Carolina, amagwiritsa ntchito chida chosadziwika bwino cha foni yam'manja, nthawi zina popanda chilolezo chofufuzira, chomwe chimawapatsa mphamvu yoyang'anira mayendedwe a anthu miyezi yapitayi, malinga ndi mbiri yapagulu ndi maimelo amkati omwe adapezedwa ndi The Associated. Press.
Apolisi adagwiritsa ntchito 'Fog Reveal' kufufuza mazana mabiliyoni a mbiri yakale kuchokera pazipangizo zam'manja zokwana 250 miliyoni ndikufufuza zomwe zalembedwazo kuti apange kafukufuku wa malo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "patterns".
Yogulitsidwa ndi Fog Data Science LLC yochokera ku Virginia, Fog Reveal yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 2018 pakufufuza zaupandu kuyambira kupha namwino ku Arkansas mpaka kutsata mayendedwe a munthu yemwe angachite nawo zigawenga za Januware 6. ku Capitol. Chidachi sichimatchulidwa kawirikawiri m'mabuku a khoti, zomwe oweruza milandu amanena kuti zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ateteze bwino makasitomala awo pamilandu yomwe teknoloji yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kampaniyo inapangidwa ndi akuluakulu awiri omwe kale anali akuluakulu a Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo cha Dziko pansi pa Purezidenti wakale George W. Bush. Zimadalira manambala a ID otsatsa, omwe akuluakulu a Fog akuti amachotsedwa ku mapulogalamu otchuka a m'manja monga Waze, Starbucks ndi mazana ena omwe amatsata zotsatsa zomwe zimatengera mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe. Izi zimagulitsidwa kumakampani ngati Fog.
"Ndi mtundu wa pulogalamu yowunikira anthu ambiri pa bajeti," atero a Bennett Cyphers, mlangizi wapadera ku Electronic Frontier Foundation, gulu lothandizira zachinsinsi pa digito.
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Nkhaniyi, mothandizidwa ndi Pulitzer Center for Crisis Reporting, ndi gawo la mndandanda wa Associated Press, "Tracked," womwe umafufuza mphamvu ndi zotsatira za zisankho zopangidwa ndi ma algorithms pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu.
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Zolemba ndi maimelo zidapezedwa ndi EFF kudzera muzopempha za Freedom of Information Act. Gululi lidagawana mafayilo ndi AP, yomwe idazindikira kuti Fog idagulitsa mapulogalamu ake pafupifupi mapangano 40 ku mabungwe pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri, malinga ndi GovSpend, kampani yomwe imayang'anira ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito. Zolemba za AP ndi malipoti zimapereka akaunti yoyamba yapagulu yakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Fog Reveal ndi apolisi am'deralo, malinga ndi akatswiri ndi akatswiri azamalamulo omwe amawunikanso matekinoloje otere.
"Akuluakulu am'deralo ali patsogolo pa milandu yozembetsa anthu komanso milandu ya anthu osowa, koma madipatimentiwa nthawi zambiri amatsalira m'mbuyo potengera luso laukadaulo," atero Matthew Broderick yemwe ndi woyang'anira chifunga. "Timadzaza malo omwe ali m'madipatimenti omwe alibe ndalama zokwanira komanso ogwira ntchito mochepera. »
Chifukwa cha chinsinsi chozungulira Chifunga, komabe, pali zambiri zochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndipo mabungwe ambiri azamalamulo sangakambirane, kudzutsa nkhawa pakati pa olimbikitsa zachinsinsi kuti akuphwanya Kusintha Kwachinayi kwa Constitution ya US, yomwe imateteza kukusaka kosayenera ndi kulanda. .
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa Fog Reveal ndi matekinoloje ena otsata mafoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aboma ndikuti imatsata zida ndi ma ID awo Otsatsa, manambala apadera omwe amaperekedwa ku chipangizo chilichonse. Nambalazi zilibe dzina la munthu wogwiritsa ntchito foniyo, koma zitha kupezeka kunyumba ndi kuntchito kuti apolisi azitha kusanthula moyo wawo.
"Kuthekera komwe anali nako kukweza aliyense m'dera, kaya pagulu kapena kunyumba, kudandigwira ngati kuphwanya koonekeratu kwa Fourth Amendment," atero a Davin Hall, yemwe anali woyang'anira wakale wofufuza zaumbanda ku Greensboro. , Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku North Carolina. “Ndimangokwiya, kuperekedwa ndi kunamizidwa. »
Hall adasiya ntchito kumapeto kwa 2020 patatha miyezi ingapo akudandaula za momwe dipatimentiyi imagwiritsa ntchito Fog kwa maloya apolisi komanso khonsolo yamzindawu.
Ngakhale akuluakulu a Greensboro adavomereza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Fog ndipo poyambirira adamuteteza, dipatimenti ya apolisi idati idalola kuti kulembetsa kwake kuthe kumapeto kwa chaka chino chifukwa "sanapindule pawokha pakufufuza".
Koma mabungwe aboma, aboma, ndi achitetezo akumaloko ku United States akupitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito Fog popanda kuyankha pagulu. Madipatimenti apolisi am'deralo apambana chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa Fog: itha kuyambira $7 pachaka. Ndipo madipatimenti ena omwe ali ndi chilolezo amagawana mwayi ndi mabungwe ena apafupi azamalamulo, maimelo akuwonetsa.
Mabungwe azamalamulo amayamikiranso momwe angapezere mwachangu zambiri zamalo a Fog. Zilolezo za Geofence, zomwe zimathandizira GPS ndi magwero ena kutsata chipangizocho, zitha kupezeka mwa kupeza izi kuchokera kumakampani monga Google kapena Apple. Izi zimafuna apolisi kuti apeze chilolezo ndikufunsa makampani aukadaulo pazomwe akufuna, zomwe zingatenge masiku kapena masabata.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha Fog, chomwe kampaniyo imati sichidziwika, apolisi amatha kuyika malo kapena kufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito manambala a ID a chipangizo china, mogwirizana ndi ntchito yomwe AP idapeza. Koma Fog ikunena kuti "tilibe njira yolumikizira zikwangwani ku chipangizo china kapena eni ake," malinga ndi woimira malonda yemwe adatumiza imelo ku California Highway Patrol mu 2018, pambuyo poti lieutenant adafunsa ngati chidacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito movomerezeka.
Ngakhale zili zotetezedwa izi, zolembedwa zikuwonetsa kuti aboma angagwiritse ntchito deta ya Fog ngati njira yodziwira zambiri. "Palibe (zidziwitso zaumwini) zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi (ID yotsatsa)," mkulu wa ku Missouri analemba za Fog mu 2019. "Koma ngati tili bwino pazomwe timachita, tiyenera kudziwa mwiniwake. »
Kuyang'anira feduro kwamakampani ngati Fog ndikusintha kwalamulo. Lolemba, bungwe la Federal Trade Commission linasumira wogulitsa deta wotchedwa Kochava yemwe, monga Chifunga, amapereka makasitomala awo ma ID otsatsa omwe akuluakulu amati angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta kuti apeze komwe wogwiritsa ntchito foni akukhala, kuphwanya malamulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi komiti. Ndipo tsopano pali mabilu pamaso pa Congress omwe, ngati atadutsa, angayang'anire bizinesiyo.
Fog's Broderick adanena mu imelo kuti kampaniyo ilibe mwayi wodziwa zambiri za anthu ndipo imadalira "zidziwitso zomwe zilipo pamalonda popanda zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito," kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ma data "omwe amagula movomerezeka kusonkhanitsa deta kuchokera ku mapulogalamu malinga ndi mapangano awo ovomerezeka" . Kampaniyo idakana kugawana zambiri zamadipatimenti apolisi angati yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito.
"Tili ndi chidaliro kuti apolisi ali ndi utsogoleri wodalirika, zoletsa komanso chitsogozo cha ndale m'matauni, boma ndi boma kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zilizonse zotsatirira malamulo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera motsatira malamulo. . .
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Kevin Metcalf, woimira boma ku Washington County, Arkansas, adati adagwiritsa ntchito Fog Reveal popanda chilolezo, makamaka "pazovuta." Pazifukwa izi, lamuloli limapereka chilolezo chochotsera milandu pamene chigawenga chikuika pangozi anthu kapena wothandizira.
Metcalf amatsogoleranso gulu la National Child Protection Task Force, bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limalimbana ndi nkhanza ndi kuzembetsa ana. Chifunga chalembedwa patsamba lake ngati othandizira ogwira ntchito, ndipo wamkulu wa kampani ndiye wapampando wa bungwe lopanda phindu. Metcalf adati Chifunga chathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa milandu ya ana omwe asowa komanso kupha anthu.
"Timakankhira malire, koma timawachita m'njira yolunjika kwa oipa," adatero. “Nthawi ikutha mumikhalidwe imeneyi. Sitingadikire panjira yanthawi zonse yotsimikizira kufufuza.
Chifunga chidagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamlandu wakupha wa namwino wazaka 25 a Sydney Sutherland, yemwe adawonedwa komaliza akuthamanga pafupi ndi Newport, Arkansas, asanazimiririke, adatero Metcalf.
Apolisi anali ndi umboni wochepa pamene adapeza foni yake mu dzenje, kotero Metcalf adanena kuti adagawana nawo mwayi wa bungwe lake ku Fog ndi US Marshals Service kuti adziwe zipangizo zina zomwe zinali m'deralo. Anati Chifunga chinathandiza akuluakulu a boma kumanga mlimi mu August 2020 kugwiriridwa ndi kupha kwa Sutherland, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake sikunalembedwe m'makhothi a AP.
Cyphers, yemwe adatsogolera ntchito yolemba mbiri ya EFF, adati palibe mbiri yakale yamakampani omwe amagulitsa mtundu wamtunduwu mwachindunji kuzamalamulo.
"Tikuwona zigawo zomwe zili ndi anthu ochepera 100 pomwe sheriff akugwiritsa ntchito chida chaukadaulo kwambiri, chosokoneza kwambiri, chowunikira mobisa kuti afufuze zigawenga zakomweko," adatero Cyphers.
Mmodzi mwamakasitomala otere ndi ofesi ya sheriff kumidzi yaku Rockingham County, North Carolina, komwe kuli anthu 91 komanso kumpoto kwa Greensboro, komwe Hall akukhalabe. Derali lidagula laisensi ya chaka chimodzi $000 chaka chatha ndipo adachikonzanso posachedwa.
"Rockingham County ndi yaying'ono potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Sizisiya kundidabwitsa momwe mabungwe ang'onoang'ono amapangira zida zomwe safunikira, ndipo palibe amene amafunikira izi, "adatero Hall.
Mneneri wa Sheriff, Lt. Kevin Suthard, adatsimikiza kuti dipatimentiyi idakonzanso laisensi yake posachedwapa, koma idakana kufotokoza zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa Fog Reveal kapena momwe ofesiyi imatetezera ufulu wa anthu.
“Chifukwa ndiye sizingakhale zogwira mtima chifukwa zigawenga zitha kudziwa kuti tili ndi chipangizocho ndikusintha momwe amachitira milandu moyenerera. Ndi logic? adatero Suthard.
Chifunga chinagulitsa chida chake mwaukali kwa apolisi, ngakhale kuyesa beta ndi apolisi, zolemba zikuwonetsa. Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku Dallas idagula chilolezo cha Fog mu February atayesedwa kwaulere ndi "kuwona chiwonetsero ndikumva nkhani zopambana kuchokera ku kampani," Cpl. Melinda Gutierrez, wolankhulira dipatimentiyi, adatero mu imelo.
Chida cha Fog chikupezeka kudzera pa intaneti. Ofufuza atha kulowa m'malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe zachitika mwaumbanda, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zosaka zomwe zikuwonetsa ID ya chifunga cha chipangizocho, chomwe chimatengera nambala yake yapadera yolengeza.
Apolisi amatha kuwona ma ID omwe adapezeka pafupi ndi malo ophwanya malamulo. Ofufuza kapena othandizira ena amathanso kusaka chizindikiritso kuyambira nthawi yachigawenga ndi kubwereranso masiku osachepera 180, malinga ndi Pangano la License la Wogwiritsa Ntchito Pakampaniyo. Koma, deta ya Fog ikhoza kubwereranso mpaka June 2017, malinga ndi maimelo ochokera kwa nthumwi ya Fog kupita ku malamulo ku Florida ndi California.
Ngakhale zambiri sizimazindikiritsa mwiniwake wa chipangizocho, kampaniyo nthawi zambiri imapatsa aboma zidziwitso zomwe ikufunika kuti ilumikizane ndi ma adilesi ndi zidziwitso zina zomwe zimathandiza ofufuza kudziwa anthu, malinga ndi maimelo ochokera kwa oyimira kampani.
Sizikudziwika kuti Fog imapangira bwanji maulumikizidwe awa, koma kampani yomwe imayitcha "mnzake wapa data" yotchedwa Venntel, Inc. ili ndi mwayi wopeza zambiri zamafoni a ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ventel ndi broker wamkulu yemwe wapereka zambiri zamalo ku mabungwe monga Immigration and Customs Enforcement ndi FBI. Oyang'anira a Department of Homeland Security akufufuza momwe mabungwe akumalire aku US amagwiritsira ntchito deta ya Venntel kutsata komwe kuli anthu mkati mwa United States popanda chilolezo. Kampaniyo yakumananso ndi kafukufuku wamsonkhano pazachinsinsi zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa deta yake ndi mabungwe amilandu aboma.
Ventel ndi Fog amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandize ofufuza apolisi pakufufuza, maimelo akuwonetsa. Mabuku awo ogulitsa nawonso ali ofanana, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku Ventel adalimbikitsa Fog kuti azitsatira malamulo, malinga ndi maimelo. Ventel adanena kuti "chinsinsi ...
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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