🍿 2022-03-11 07:19:24 - Paris/France.
- Alicia hernandez
- BBC News World
Ola la 1
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8:00 m'mawa Foni inalira kuti: “Osachoka panyumba. Bomba laphulika ku Atocha. Palibe amene akudziwa zomwe zinachitika. »
Lachinayi, March 11, 2004, ambiri a iwo analandira foni yofanana ndi imeneyi ngati ankakhala ku Madrid (Spain).
Mabomba khumi adayamba kuphulika pa masitima anayi osiyanasiyana kuyambira 7am ola lachangu m'matawuni a Madrid akukonzekera kupita kuntchito. Anthu 37 afa ndipo opitilira 192 avulala, izi ndi zomwe zachititsa kuti awonongeke kuukira kwakukulu kwa jihadist kunachitika ku Europe.
Pambuyo pake apolisi adaphulitsa zida ziwiri zomwe sizinaphulike bwino ndipo pambuyo pake zidayimitsa chachitatu chomwe chingakhale chofunikira pakufufuza komwe kudapangitsa kuti adziwike omwe adachita izi.
Zaka 18 pambuyo pake, zolemba za Netflix zomwe atolankhani angapo a BBC nawo limasonyeza zina mwa makiyi a chiwembucho, masiku osokonezeka omwe anatsatira ndi zotsatira zake pa anthu a ku Spain.
Kanemayo, motsogozedwa ndi José Goméz waku Mexico, ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa zaka 10. Adaganiza zochita izi pomwe adawona kugawanikana kwandale ndi chikhalidwe komwe 11M adachita.
“Zigawenga zimakonda kugwirizanitsa anthu. Ku Spain, mgwirizanowu unatenga maola 24 oyambirira. Kenako zidalowa ndale," akutero. Munzila eeyi, majwi aaya aajanika kumiswaangano aatatu aajanika kumiswaangano. “Mawu a anthu anayenera kukhala ogwirizana. Pankhani ya mayanjano, onse kapena palibe amene adatenga nawo gawo. »
Kuwonjezera pa umboni wa ozunzidwawo, zojambulazo zachokera m’buku lakuti “11-M. Kubwezera kwa AlQaeda »kufufuza mu Ferdinand ReinaresKatswiri wauchigawenga wapadziko lonse ku Royal Elcano Institute yochokera ku Madrid.
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Legend,
Atsogoleri akale a United Kingdom, Spain, United States ndi Portugal (Tony Blair, José María Aznar, George W. Bush ndi José Manuel Durão Barroso) adachita nawo msonkhano wa Azores.
1. Ubongo ndi Cholinga
Mu mlandu wa 11M, womwe unachitika mu 2007, palibe chiyanjano chotsimikizirika chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa ponena za mlembi waluntha wa chiwembucho. Koma muzolembazo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Reinares, chidwi chili pa winawake: Amer Azizi, wochokera ku Morocco ndi yemwe, malinga ndi CIA, adakhala dzanja lamanja la Abu Hamza Raia, wamkulu wa ntchito zakunja za Al-Qaeda.
United States, United Kingdom ndi Spain, motsatana pansi pa maboma a George W. Bush, Tony Blair ndi José María Aznar, adapanga bungweli. atatu amene analimbikitsa nkhondo yaukalikyomwe idayamba pa Marichi 19, 2003.
Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, kuukira kwa 11M kunachitika ndipo, mbali ina ya malingaliro a anthu a ku Spain, lingaliro linapangidwa kuti, atalowa mkangano, dziko la Ulaya linali m'zigawenga.
"Nkhondo ya Mkwiyok Sizinathandize, koma si chifukwa chake. »Gomez amatero.
"Chilimbikitso ndi kubwezera". Katswiri wina wa kafukufuku wina dzina lake Carola García-Calvo, wa ku Royal Elcano Institute yemwenso ndi katswiri wa zachiwawa komanso uchigawenga wapadziko lonse, waumirira.
Asanalowe ku Al-Qaeda, Azizi anali ku Spain, komwe anali lieutenant wa Abu Dahdah, mtsogoleri wa gulu lina. gulu la zigawenga lomwe lili ku Madrid, lomwe linapangidwa mu 90s.
Apa ndipamene nkhani ndi chifukwa cha kuukira kwa 11M kumayambira, malinga ndi zolembazo.
“Spain yachita khama kwambiri polimbana ndi uchigaŵenga wapadziko lonse,” akufotokoza motero profesayo. Ndipo Tsiku la Opaleshoni ndilodziwika bwino, lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe kuphwanya ma cell a Jihadist ndipo, mu Novembala 2001, zidapangitsa kumangidwa kwa mamembala oposa 20 a kutsanuliraQaeda pa nthaka ya ku Spain.
Dahdah anamangidwa kumeneko. Izi sizili choncho kwa munthu wake wamanja, Azizi, yemwe panthawiyo anali pakati pa Iran ndi Afghanistan asanathawire ku Pakistan, komwe adalowa ku likulu la Al-Qaeda.
"Anaganiza kuti abwezera Spain chifukwa cha opaleshoni yomwe inathyola cell ya Abu Dahdah yomwe adakhalako mpaka November 2001," akufotokoza Reinares mu zolembazo.
Chigamulo choukira dziko la Spain chidapangidwa ku Karachi, Pakistan, ndipo ndondomekoyi idavomerezedwa ndi atsogoleri a al-Qaeda pamsonkhano ku Turkey mu February 2002, akatswiri akutero.
Magwero a CIA omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzolemba komanso pakufufuza kwa Reinares amati ntchito zanzeru zaku US ankadziwa udindo wa Azizi.
Mu mlandu wa 11M, zidanenedwa kuti zake awirikutsanuliradero ndira Osadziwa. Koma zolembedwazo zikuwonetsa chikalata chomwe akatswiri anzeru aku US adatumiza kwa akuluakulu aku Spain "kwanthawi yoyamba mu Seputembara 2006" pomwe akuti Azizi. womwalirayopa nthawi ya nkhondo yaku America December 2005.
"Apanso, chidziwitso chochulukirapo chinatumizidwa za Azizi, zochitika za jihadist ku Spain ndi ubale ndi 11M mu September 2007," akufotokoza Reinares mu zolembazo.
Al-Qaeda idavomereza ndikulengeza za imfa ya Azizi mu 2009.
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Legend,
Pafupi ndi siteshoni ya Atocha ku Madrid pali chikumbutso kwa ozunzidwa ndi 11M.
2. Kulumikizana kwa 11S-11M
Pakati pa kuukira kwa mapasa nsanja New York ndi Pentagon yal 11 septembre 2001 ndi Madrid, 11M 2004, pali ubale wachindunji, zikuwonetsa zolemba.
Osati kokha chifukwa cha amene amawapanga iwo ndi zotsatira zakupha.
Bruce Riedel, yemwe anali katswiri wa CIA, bungwe la intelligence ku United States, adanena mu zolembazo kuti. "Zomangamanga ku Spain zinali chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera 11/XNUMX kunja kwa Afghanistan ndi Pakistan".
Miyezi iwiri isanafike September 11, Mohamed Atta, mmodzi mwa oyendetsa ndege odzipha, anakumana ndi Ramzi bin al Shibb ku Tarragona (Catalonia) kuti akonze chiwembucho. Chotero, selo ya Hamburg (Germany) imene Atta anali mbali yake inalowa muubale ndi uja wa Dahdah ku Spain.
Ziwawa zitachitika ku United States, Commissioner General for Information of the Spanish National Police, yemwe anali akugwira ntchito kale pankhani za jihadism, adadziyika yekha panjira ya Al-Qaeda mdzikolo ndipo zomwe zidayambitsa ntchito yomwe tatchulayi ya Dátil, Kumangidwa kwa Dahdah ndi lingaliro la Azizi lakubwezera.
Choncho, malinga ndi zolembazo, poyamba panali kukonzekera kwa 11/11, mbali yake ndi zomangamanga ku Spain; kenako 2001/11 zidachitika ndipo zitatha izi. kufufuza kwa jihadists kunakula mpaka kuchotsedwa kwa chizindikiritso cha Dahdah ku Madrid mu November XNUMX. Azizi, yemwe adathawa nkhondoyi, adakonzekera kubwezera ndipo, pamapeto pake, XNUMXM.
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3. Media Manipulation and Conpiracy Theory
Mfundo imodzi yomwe zolembazo zikukhudzidwa ndi zomwe atolankhani aku Spain komanso boma lanthawiyo adachita pamlanduwo.
Nkhaniyi ndiyofunikira: ziwonetserozi zidachitika Lachinayi ndipo, patangopita masiku atatu, Lamlungu pa Marichi 14, anthu aku Spain adapita kukavota pachisankho chachikulu. Ndikofunikanso kunena kuti, mpaka 11M, m'maganizo a gulu la Spanish, komanso m'magulu a chitetezo, kuukira kunachitika ndi gulu la Basque separatist ETA.
Boma la Purezidenti José María Aznar, wachipani cha Conservative People's Party, lidanena kuyambira pachiyambi kuti lingaliro lodalirika kwambiri kuti bambo anali ETA. Koma, kuwonjezera, Aznar, amene amadzutsa mu zopelekedwa. adayitana akonzi a nyuzipepala kunena kuti "boma linali lotsimikiza kuti ndi ETA".
“President waitana anthu? Boma linkawakakamiza kuti anene chinachake apolisi asanapereke umboni,” akutero. Katya Adler, mtolankhani wochokera la BBC adayankhulana nawo muzolembazo ndi kuti pa nthawi ya kuukira iye ankakhala Madrid.
Mitu inasintha mphindi yomaliza, zoyankhulana zomwe sizinawululidwe, nkhani zomwe zidapereka poligía yemwe sanagwirizane nazo ndi zomwe olankhulirawo adanena, omwe adalimbikira mpaka mphindi yomaliza kuti ndi ETA…
Mpaka m'masiku atatu ovuta, kalata idatuluka mu nyuzipepala yaku London pomwe al-Qaeda adadzinenera. ETn Spain sanachedwe kunena za izi. Mwina inali nthawi yoyamba m’mbiri ya dzikolo kuti mufunsire atolankhani akunja kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuchitika mkatimo.
Aka kanalinso koyamba kuti, ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe adangoyamba kumene, adayitanitsa ziwonetsero pa tsiku losinkhasinkha, tsiku lomwe chisankho chisanachitike.
Pa zisankho, motsutsana ndi zovuta zonse, adatuluka Jose anasankhaet Luis Rodriguez Zapateroa Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), mpaka pano otsutsa.
Ngakhale umboni womwe unkatuluka, panali mbali ina ya nyuzipepala ya ku Spain yomwe inalowa mu zolembazo lotchedwa "chiwembu chiphunzitso" kumene iwo unaliou kusakaniza ETA ndi jihadism.
“Zoulutsira nkhani zalowa m’nkhondo yapoizoni. Kusamalira zidziwitso kunali koopsa kuyambira pachiyambi "adatero Gomez.
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4. Ozunzidwa
Mtolankhani wotchuka waku Spain Iñaki Gabilondo apereka ndemanga muzolemba kuti panjira yosokoneza media. “nkhani ya akufa yachepetsedwa”.
Komanso sewero la achibale, omwe anali m'magaretawo ndipo adavutika ndi zotsatira zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo, komanso za ogwira ntchito omwe anapita kukathandiza ovulala, akufa ndi akufa.
Zolembazo zimayamba ndikutha ndi maumboni ambiri, omwe amatsatana, osazindikira amene akulankhula.
"Ndiwo msonkho wabwino kwambiri, kuziyika pa chiyambi komanso popanda kulongosola, popanda mbiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zimene amanena, zomwe ndi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri,” anatero wotsogolera filimuyo.
Gómez akunena kuti muzojambula, zomwe zimaphatikizapo anthu ochokera mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Ecuadorian, Peruvia kapena Moroccanchisamaliro chinatengedwa kuonetsetsa kuti ozunzidwawo ali pamalo otetezedwa ndi apamtima. Ojambula odzipangira mwachitsanzo adachotsedwa, koma panali akatswiri a zamaganizo kuti apereke chithandizo chofunikira ichi, chifukwa pambuyo pake, kuwuza zowawa ndikuzikumbukiranso.
"Wofunsidwa ndi munthu wokhumudwa, [tras la entrevista] wawonongeka. Muyenera kuwatonthoza, kuwayimbira foni, kudziwitsidwa. Wozunzidwa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito. »
Chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha ozunzidwa, adaganiza kuti tsiku lotulutsidwa lisagwirizane ndi 11M. Analinso a lingaliro la mkonzi kuti asagwiritse ntchito mavidiyo omwe alipo kuyambira nthawi ya kuphulika kwa Atocha kapena zithunzi za mphindi zomaliza. Mafanizo ankakonda kwambiri.
Ngakhale mayina a 192 achigawenga achindunji omwe akuzunzidwa amawonekera pamapeto pake, tepiyo imazindikiranso a wogwiriridwa chikole Izi nthawi zambiri sizilowa m'maboma: ndi mkazi wa Rodolfo Ruiz, yemwe anali mkulu wa apolisi ku Vallecas, pomwe bomba linaphulika komanso pomwe chikwama chokhala ndi zophulika chapezeka.
Iye anali chakudya cha mizinga kwa osindikizira chiwembu. Mkazi wake amavutika maganizo ndipo amadzipha. Panali kusowa kwa chidwi kumbali ya makampani osindikizira. Zotsatira zake sizinayesedwe..
Zolembazo zimatha ndi a kudzipereka kwa ozunzidwa ndi opulumuka za chiwembu chomwe chidakalipo mpaka pano chomwe chinayambitsa ozunzidwa kwambiri pa nthaka ya ku Ulaya.
Tsopano mutha kulandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku BBC World. Tsitsani pulogalamu yathu yatsopano ndikuyiyambitsa kuti musaphonye zomwe tili nazo.
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
Osazengereza kugawana nawo nkhani yathu pamasamba ochezera kuti atilimbikitse. 😍