🎵 2022-08-12 19:16:53 - Paris/France.
Kung'ung'udza kokwiyitsa kwa mnzako kumatha kukhala kwabwino kuposa momwe mukuganizira. Anthu opanda maphunziro oimba mwachibadwa amakhala ndi nyimbo zoimbidwa mwaluso, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano. Zikuoneka kuti anthu ambiri amatsatira malamulo osadziwika bwino a nyimbo, ngakhale amene sadziwa kuti malamulowa alipo.
"Zabwino," akutero a Samuel Mehr, katswiri wa zama psychology ku Yale University yemwe sanachite nawo ntchitoyi. Phunziroli limapereka njira "yokongola" yoyesa luso la nyimbo la anthu. "Zikuwoneka ngati chinthu chenicheni, osati chinthu chochita kupanga chomwe gulu la akatswiri azamisala adapanga mu labu. »
Kafukufukuyu amayang'ana kwambiri nyimbo yomwe imadziwika kuti kukwera - mfundo yakuti nyimbo nthawi zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito kachigawo kakang'ono ka mawu kapena chida chomwe chingatulutse. Mwachitsanzo, piyano wamba imakhala ndi makiyi 88, koma piyano wamba imangoseketsa pang'ono chabe. Ngati mumasewera makiyi a piyano imodzi kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, manotsi amakwera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mawu a 13 amveke chimodzimodzi monga mawu oyamba, apamwamba okha. Izi zikutanthawuza octave.
Nyimbo zoimbidwa nthawi zambiri zimamamatira ku mawu anayi kapena asanu ndi awiri omwewo mu octave iliyonse yomwe imatchedwa notsi za sikelo. Ndicho chifukwa chake, mu nyimbo zapamwamba Phokoso la nyimbo, ana a von Trapp amangophunzira zolemba zisanu ndi ziwiri "Do Re Me Fa So La Ti Do" zamtundu wodziwika kwambiri mu nyimbo za Kumadzulo. Kuyimba kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kumveka ngati kodabwitsa, koma oimba amawaza "ngozi" zotere mumlengalenga kuti awonjezere kupsinjika, mtundu, komanso kudabwitsa (monga silabi yapakati ya "Maria" mu nyimbo iyi yolemba. Nkhani Yachigawo cha Kumadzulo). Cholemba mu sikelo, tonic, imakhala ngati mawu apakati, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba ndikumaliza nyimbo.
Tonality imawoneka mu nyimbo zamitundu ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale masikelo amasiyana kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, akale aku India ndi aku America. Mwa zina chifukwa cha kufalikira kumeneku, ofufuza ena amakayikira kuti kuyimba kumatha kukhala chikhalidwe chamunthu chomwe chimathandiza ubongo wathu kuzindikira, kukumbukira ndi kupanga nyimbo. Koma sizikudziwikabe kuti - kapena momwe - anthu wamba amamvetsetsa malamulo a tonal.
Pakafukufuku wofufuza funsoli, otenga nawo mbali nthawi zambiri amavotera kapena kusankha chigoli chomaliza cha nyimbo yomwe ilipo, monga kulemba mawu osowa a chiganizo poyesa chinenero. Anthu ambiri amapambana mayeso a phula, koma amatha kungomaliza kutsatizana komwe kumamveka mobwerezabwereza pazokumana nazo kapena moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
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Weiss Et al., Malipoti a Sayansi 2022
Kuti mulingo wabwinoko wa kukondera kwa tonal, Michael Weiss ndi Isabelle Peretz, akatswiri a zamaganizo pa Yunivesite ya Montreal, adapanga mayeso ofanana ndi kulemba ziganizo zolondola zamagalamala kuyambira poyambira (mverani pamwambapa). M’nyumba zosamveka zokhala ndi mahedifoni ndi maikolofoni, otenga nawo mbali ankakonza nyimbo zoimbidwa bwino, n’kumaimba kuti “da,” potsatira malangizo monga kuimbira kanyimbo, kuvina, nyimbo yachisoni, ndi zina.
Ofufuzawo sanatsimikizire kuti ophunzirawo angafune kugwira ntchitoyo. "Ndi chinthu chochititsa mantha," adatero Weiss. Koma, “Titangopeza anthu oyimba, anasangalala kwambiri kupitiriza. Kupanikizana nthawi zambiri kumakhala masekondi 20 ndi manotsi 30, ndipo ena amayenera kudulidwa, Weiss akukumbukira. "Amangopitiliza kukonza kwa mphindi popanda kulowererapo. Wotenga nawo mbali wina adakondwera ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kotero kuti adalembetsa maphunziro amawu.
Ofufuzawo adajambula zojambulidwa 924 kuchokera kwa anthu 33 a ku Quebec, kuphatikiza anthu 18 omwe anali ndi amusia wobadwa nawo, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ogontha. Mu mtundu wofala kwambiri wamtunduwu, womwe akuti umakhudza 1,5% mpaka 4% ya anthu, anthu amavutika kuzindikira ndikutulutsa mawu. Koma wamba, maubongo oimba amawonetsa mayankho amagetsi ofanana ndi zolemba zochepa. Ndipo, pazaka makumi angapo akufufuza, Peretz adawona anthu oyimba akuyimba nyimbo zomwe zimamveka ngati tonal kwa iye, ngakhale iwowo sakanatha kusiyanitsa nyimbozo.
Pakafukufuku wapano, Peretz ndi Weiss adapanga algorithm yomwe kompyuta idafananiza ndikusintha pamlingo womwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi nyimbo zaku Western. Pazosangalatsa zisanu ndi ziwiri mwa zoseweretsa 18 ndi zowongolera 13 mwa 15, nyimbo za omwe adatenga nawo gawo zidasunga masikelo awa kuposa kutsatizana kwa manotsi. Pafupifupi chiwerengero chomwecho cha ophunzira anamaliza nyimbo zawo pa tonics nthawi zambiri kuposa mwangozi. Pamodzi, gulu lanyimbo za neurotypical zidayenda bwino, koma nyimbo zingapo zidapambana zowongolera, gululo lidamaliza mwezi watha mu Malipoti asayansi. Anthu oimbawa “amaimba motsatira kamvekedwe ka mawu, ngakhale atakhala kuti sakumvetsa,” akutero Weiss. Kuwongolera kwanyimbo ndi kangapo kunapambana kuposa katswiri wamaphunziro azaka 11 ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Kafukufukuyu amathandizira kumvetsetsa kwaposachedwa kwa akatswiri amisala momwe ubongo umapangira nyimbo, malinga ndi Kathleen Corrigall, wasayansi wozindikira ku MacEwan University. Anthu, kuphatikizapo anthu osekedwa, amakulitsa chidziwitso chambiri cha malamulo a nyimbo ndipo nthawi zambiri sadziwa kuti ali ndi chidziwitso ichi. "Zotsatira zake sizinandidabwitse," akutero, koma kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zoyimba nyimbo "kwandidabwitsa ngati njira yokongola komanso yatsopano yoyezera" chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza kamvekedwe ka mawu ndi malamulo ena oimba.
Katswiri wa zamaganizo Erin Hannon, yemwe amayendetsa labu yozindikiritsa nyimbo ku yunivesite ya Nevada, Las Vegas, adayamikanso njira yosinthira. "Ndine wokonda kwambiri njira iliyonse yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi gulu lonse la anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo simukusowa anthu omwe ali ndi luso lapadera kuti achite," akutero Hannon. Kuyesera kosavuta komanso njira yatsopano kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufananitsa tonality pakati pa magulu azaka zosiyanasiyana ndi zikhalidwe, kapenanso pakati pa zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana. Chida choterocho chingathandize asayansi kuvumbula mbali zina za nyimbo zomwe anthu onse amagawana komanso zosiyana ndi zamoyo zathu. Kotero pitirirani nazo, tiyimbireni nyimbo, kaya ndinu woimba piyano kapena woimba.
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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