✔️ 2022-09-01 07:13:59 - Paris/France.
Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la Kafukufuku wa EFF wa Location Data Brokers ndi Fog Data Science. Onetsetsani kuti muwone athu tsamba lotulutsa data brokers.
Ku Chino, Calif., apolisi adagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Fog Data Science kuti asesatse kwambiri ndikuwulula omwe anali pafupi ndi ziwembu zazing'ono ndi kuba. Pakufufuza kwakupha kumidzi ku Missouri, ntchito ya Fog idagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsata wolera ana yemwe sanali wokayikira. Ku Greensboro, North Carolina, woyang'anira zowunikira milandu adakweza mbendera zofiira za malamulo ake ndipo pambuyo pake adasiya ntchito atanyalanyazidwa machenjezo ake. Ndipo m'malo onsewa ndi ena ambiri, apolisi sankawoneka kuti akukhazikitsa malamulo okhudza nthawi komanso momwe ukonde waukuluwu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Bungwe la EFF lapereka ma rekodi opitilira 100 kwa apolisi m'dziko lonselo. Tidazindikira kuti mabungwe osachepera 18 anali ndi ubale wamgwirizano wam'mbuyomu kapena wopitilira ndi Fog. Mabungwe ena adalandira mayeso aulere kuchokera ku ntchito ya Fog. Kufufuza kwathu kunali kokwanira, koma osati kokwanira; ndizotheka kuti mabungwe ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Fog.
M'nkhani yathu yoyamba ya Fog Data Science, tidafotokoza momwe ntchito ya Fog's Reveal imagwirira ntchito, komwe deta yake imachokera, komanso chifukwa chake ili yowopsa. Munkhaniyi, tiwunika zojambulira zomwe EFF adalandira kuti timvetsetse bwino momwe ntchito ya Fog Data Science imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Tifufuzanso mozama pazamalamulo omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndikukambirana momwe opanga malamulo ndi opanga nsanja angayimitsire mtundu wa bizinesi wa Fog kamodzi.
Ndi mabungwe ati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Fog?
Zolemba zomwe EFF idapeza zikuwonetsa ubale wamgwirizano wam'mbuyomu kapena womwe ukupitilira ndi makasitomala osachepera 18 akumaloko, aboma komanso aboma, ndi mabungwe ena angapo avomereza kuyesa kwaulere kwa ntchito ya Fog. Ndemanga zochokera pamsonkhano wa bungwe ndi Fog zikuwonetsa kuti kampaniyo imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe "50-60" m'dziko lonselo.
Ulamuliro wapaboma ndi gawo lalikulu lamakasitomala a Fog. Apolisi a ku Maryland, Indiana, ndi New Jersey State, California ndi Missouri Highway Patrols, ndi Tennessee Bureau of Investigation onse akhala ndi mapangano ndi Fog kwa chaka chimodzi.
Mabungwe akulu akulu mdziko muno agwiranso ntchito ndi Fog, kuphatikiza NYPD, Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku Houston ndi Ofesi ya Broward County Sheriff. Koma Fog adagulitsanso ntchito zake ku mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, monga apolisi ku Lawrence, Kansas (anthu 97) ndi sheriff ku Washington County, OH (anthu 000).
bungwe |
boma |
Chiyambi cha chilolezo |
Mapeto a layisensi (est.) |
California Highway Patrol |
Californie |
1/2019 |
1/2021 |
Chino Police department |
Californie |
9/2020 |
9/2021 |
Woyimira Chigawo cha El Dorado County |
Californie |
8/2021 |
katundu |
Apolisi a Fremont |
Californie |
7/2019 |
12/2021 |
Orange County Information and Analysis Center (OCIAC) |
Californie |
6/2020 |
5/2021 |
Delaware Information and Analysis Center (DIAC) |
DE |
wosadziwika |
wosadziwika |
Ofesi ya Broward County Sheriff |
Floride |
6/2019 |
6/2020 |
Iowa Intelligence Division ndi Fusion Center |
IA |
11/2020 |
katundu |
Apolisi aku Indiana State |
MU |
4/2018 |
6/2021 |
Apolisi a Laurent |
KS |
4/2019 |
5/2019 |
Apolisi a boma la Maryland |
Maryland |
4/2018 |
4/2019 |
Missouri State Highway Patrol |
MAI |
8/2018 |
8/2020 |
Dipatimenti ya Police ya Greensboro |
NC |
2/2020 |
wosadziwika |
Rockingham County Sheriff |
NC |
5/2021 |
wosadziwika |
Apolisi aku New Jersey State |
yunifomu zatsopano |
wosadziwika |
wosadziwika |
Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku New York |
New York |
8/2018 |
wosadziwika |
Washington County Sheriff |
OH |
6/2021 |
wosadziwika |
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation |
TN |
4/2018 |
katundu |
Dipatimenti ya Apolisi ku Houston |
TX |
5/2020 |
4/2021 |
US Marshals |
National |
9/2018 |
9/2020 |
Gome likuchokera kwa doc uyu: Scramble odziwika makasitomala
Akuluakulu a chifunga adauza apolisi kuti kasitomala wake woyamba anali Delaware Department of Public Safety Information and Analysis Center (DIAC). DIAC ndi malo ophatikizika, bungwe losankhidwa ndi U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) kuti likhale ngati malo osonkhanitsira zidziwitso ndikugawana nawo oyang'anira malamulo akumaloko, chigawo, mafuko, ndi feduro. Malo a Fusion ku Iowa ndi Southern California adagwiranso ntchito ndi Fog.
Fusion centers ndi nthambi yakomweko ya omwe amatchedwa gulu lanzeru. Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuchotsa zotchinga pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana aboma omwe amasonkhanitsa ndikusunga zidziwitso zazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazazamba,kuphatikizanso kuthandizira kugawana deta pakati pazamalamulo amderali ndi mabungwe azamalamulo a federal. Malo a Fusion amakhala ndi apolisi am'deralo, nduna za sheriff, ndi ena ogwira ntchito m'boma, komanso ogwira ntchito ku DHS; komabe, malo ophatikizana si mabungwe aboma. Fusion centers amagwiranso ntchito ngati malo opangira "malipoti okayikitsa," kapena ma SAR, omwe angapangitse anthu kuti afufuzidwe ndi apolisi potengera umboni womwe sunafikire zomwe zingachitike kapena kukayikira koyenera.
Fog yagwiranso ntchito ndi aboma la federal. Mu 2018, Fog adasaina mgwirizano wazaka ziwiri, $120 ndi US Marshals, gawo la Dipatimenti Yachilungamo. Kuphatikiza apo, Woyang'anira Wofufuza za Chitetezo cha Kwawo adapereka "Njira Zofufuza Zokhudza Kuzembetsa Anthu" kwa apolisi akumaloko, kuphatikiza zithunzi zingapo zonena za Fog.
Kutsatsa kwa Fog
Chakumapeto kwa Marichi 2020, a Mark Massop anali kuyesera kupanga mgwirizano kuti agulitse Fog Reveal ku Orange County Intelligence Assessment Center (OCIAC), malo ophatikizika omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Dipatimenti ya Orange County Sheriff. Pamene COVID-19 idasesa dzikolo, Fog idawona mwayi. New York City idawona kuchuluka kwa matenda m'masabata oyambilira a mliriwu, ndipo izi zidapangitsa atsogoleri akumayiko oyandikana nawo kukhala ndi nkhawa za anthu okhala ku New York omwe akuyenda ndikufalitsa kachilomboka. Bwanamkubwa wa Rhode Island anali atakonza zoti aletse anthu onse apaulendo ochokera ku New York. Chifunga chinasonkhanitsa chiwonetsero cha Orange County chosonyeza momwe deta yake ingagwiritsire ntchito kuthandizira kuletsa kuletsa koteroko.
Chifunga chinayambitsa funso pagulu lake, kufunafuna aliyense amene adayenda pakati pa Port Chester, NY ndi Newport, RI pakati pa Marichi 5 ndi Marichi 22. Anapeza zida 52. Chifunga chinakhazikika pa chimodzi mwa zidazo ndikuyika sikani ya "moyo", ndikufunsa ma ping aliwonse a GPS okhudzana ndi chipangizocho masiku 90 apitawa. Idapeza ma pings opitilira 24, kapena kupitilira 000 patsiku, kupeza chipangizocho ku Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New York ndi Connecticut. Anasonyeza momwe chipangizochi chinayendera maulendo angapo kudutsa New England, ndikuyima mumzinda wa New York komanso pafupi ndi Rochester nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo idawulula komwe mwina ali ndi chipangizocho pafupi ndi Providence ndi malo angapo omwe adagawana nawo pafupi.
Zotsatira za funsoli mwina zinali zokwanira kuzindikiritsa mwiniwake wa chipangizocho, kapena adilesi yakunyumba kwawo. Munthu wodziwika ndi chidziwitsochi anali asanakhalepo ndi chikayikiro chilichonse. Palibe ma subpoenas kapena zilolezo zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi aboma omwe amapempha deta yawo. Sanaganiziridwenso kuti aphwanya malamulo aliwonse, popeza lamulo loletsa kuyenda ku Rhode Island linali longopeka. Koma ndikungodina pang'ono, wogwira ntchito wa Fog adatha kupeza zambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wake m'masabata angapo apitawa.
Kulowa kolowera m'moyo wachinsinsi wa mlendo kunachitika mwachidwi, mwachiwonekere kuti awonetsere luso la Fog kwa kasitomala yemwe angakhale wotsatira malamulo. Chiwonetserocho chinasonyeza momwe, pamtengo wochepa, panopticon yochokera pa intanetiyi ingafikire aliyense mu Dipatimenti ya Orange County Sheriff ndi Fusion Center yothandizana nayo.
Iyi sinali nthawi yokhayo yomwe gulu la Fog linagwiritsa ntchito deta yawo kutsatira anthu ngati gawo lachiwonetsero. M'nkhani yomwe adagawana ndi Chino, Calif. - mzinda wa anthu pafupifupi 90 m'chigawo cha San Bernardino - Chifunga chinalongosola ndikuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane "chitsanzo." Mlanduwo unali wokhudza kuphedwa kwa banja la ana anayi kumpoto kwa New York. Sizikuwoneka kuti Chifunga chinali nawo pakufufuza kwenikweni; Ofufuza za chifunga m'malo mwake adagwiritsa ntchito deta yawo kuti ayese kufufuza motsatira tsatanetsatane wa mlandu womwe unali wapagulu.
Choyamba, Fog adagwiritsa ntchito "kufufuza m'dera" kuti adziwe zida zonse zomwe zidapezeka pafupi ndi malo ophwanya malamulo pawindo la maola 15. Izi zidazindikiritsa zida zitatu zosiyana. Kenako, wofufuzayo adachita "kufufuza pazida" pa aliyense wa iwo masiku 90 apitawa, kuwulula zomwe amachita tsiku ndi tsiku za eni zida. Mwini chipangizo chimodzi adatsimikiza kuti ndi mnansi wake ndipo wina adawonedwa kuti ndiye wovutitsidwa. Chipangizo chachitatu chinawonedwa maulendo masauzande angapo, zomwe zimalola katswiriyo kudziwa malo omwe angakhalemo (kwina kwake mumzinda) ndi maulendo angapo aposachedwa akunja. Mwini wake adadziwika pamalo ogulitsa ngati wokayikira kapena mboni. Kusanthulako kudayima pamenepo ndipo wowonetsayo adapereka njira zotsatila pakufufuza kongoyerekeza.
M'ma demos awa, Fog idatsata anthu enieni pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wawo wopeza ma thililiyoni azinthu zachinsinsi kuti awonetse omwe angakhale makasitomala zomwe ntchito yawo ingachite. Ngakhale zitsanzozi zidasankhidwa ndi Fog kuti zidziwonetsere kwa apolisi m'njira yabwino kwambiri, zikuwonetsanso bwino zomwe zimakhudza zinsinsi zake.
Chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe
EFF yatumiza zopempha za zolembazo ku maboma ndi mabungwe akumalo omwe amapempha maimelo onse ndi zomata zonena za Fog Data Science, komanso zolemba zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kapena ndi ogwira ntchito ku Fog. Maboma ambiri amalola apolisi kuti alembenso mbiri yofufuza zomwe zikuchitika, kotero tilibe mbiri yonse ya momwe Fog Reveal idagwiritsidwira ntchito. Komabe, zolembazo zimalongosola zochitika zingapo zomwe Fog adagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza anthu enieni.
Zosintha zingapo zimawonekera. Choyamba, Fog ndi womuthandizira bizinesi Mark Massop nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati othandizana nawo mwachindunji pakufufuza kwaupandu. Kangapo, apolisi adagawana zambiri za kafukufuku womwe ukupitilira ndi Fog ndi Massop, kenako adafunsa malo kapena zida zochititsa chidwi ndikuuza apolisi zomwe adapeza.
Chachiwiri, Fog ingathandize mabungwe kumasulira pakati pa ma ID otsatsa omwe amachotsedwa m'mafoni a m'manja ndi ma ID a Fog (omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa "FOG ID" kapena "VIDs"). Kuti mufotokoze chifukwa chake izi ndizofunikira, ndikofunikira kukulitsa mawonekedwe a data a Fog.
Fog imati Reveal imayanjanitsa data yamalo ndi zozindikiritsa zida "zachidziwitso ndi zosadziwika" kutengera ma ID otsatsa. Mwanjira ina, ma ID a chipangizo omwe abwezedwa ndi Fog Reveal sali ofanana ndi ma ID otsatsa a zidazo. Chifunga chinagwiritsa ntchito kulumikiza uku pakati pa ma VID a makina omwe amayang'ana makasitomala ndi ma ID otsatsa amafoni athu monga umboni wakuti deta yake ilibe "palibe PII" (zambiri zodziwikiratu). Koma zolemba zochokera ku Iowa ndi kwina zikuwonetsa Fog anali wokondwa kumasulira ma ID otsatsa ndi ma VID atafunsidwa. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ma ID otsatsa am'manja ndi osavuta kulumikizana ndi omwe ali enieni. Kumasuka komwe Fog idamasulira zizindikiritso zake kukhala zotsatsa zotsatsa zimapeputsa zomwe Fog amati sikugulitsa zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndinu munthu.
Chachitatu, ntchito ya Fog nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza zachiwawa komanso kupha anthu, ...
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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