ʻO Fakhri K.
Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft… Elima pilikua o Silicon Valley a mākou i koho ai i kēia lā ma ka acronym GAFAM. Nā ʻenehana hou, kālā, fintech, olakino, automotive… ʻAʻohe wahi e pakele ai iā lākou. Hiki i ko lākou waiwai ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ko kekahi mau ʻāina kūkulu.
Inā manaʻo ʻoe aia wale nō ʻo GAFAM i nā ʻenehana hou, ua hewa ʻoe! Ua hoʻokomo kēia mau mea nunui ʻelima High Tech i nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā universe virtual, e like me ka papahana. Metaverse o ka Meta, hui makua o Facebook. I loko o 20 mau makahiki, ua lawe kēia mau ʻoihana i ke kahua waena.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou kahi mākeke mākeke ma mua o 1 biliona kālā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua like ia me ka waiwai o ka Netherlands (GDP) i koho ʻia ʻo 000th ʻāina waiwai loa ma ka honua. He aha nā GAFAM? He aha ka mea e wehewehe ai i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe? E ʻike ʻoe he moʻolelo hoihoi ia, akā he moʻolelo i hāpai nui i nā manaʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Ka papa o nā mea
GAFAM, he aha ia?
ʻO "Big Five" a me "GAFAM" no laila ʻelua mau inoa i hoʻohana ʻia e koho Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft. ʻO lākou nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o Silicon Valley a me ka hoʻokele waiwai honua. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana, hōʻuluʻulu lākou i kahi mākeke mākeke ma kahi o $ 4,5 trillion. Aia lākou i ka papa inoa o nā hui ʻAmelika i ʻōlelo ʻia. Eia kekahi, aia nā mea a pau i ka NASDAQ, he mākeke kūʻai ʻAmelika i mālama ʻia no nā hui ʻenehana.
ʻO nā GAFAMs Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple a me Microsoft nā ʻelima mau ʻoihana ikaika loa ma ka honua e pili ana i ka mākeke mākeke. ʻO kēia mau kanaka pilikua kikohoʻe ʻelima i hoʻomalu i nā ʻāpana he nui o ka mākeke Pūnaewele, a ke ulu nei ko lākou mana i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Akaka kā lākou pahuhopu: e hoʻohui pono i ka mākeke Pūnaewele, e hoʻomaka me nā ʻāpana i kamaʻāina iā lākou a me ka hoʻohui mālie ʻana i nā ʻike, nā noi, nā ʻupena kaiapili, nā ʻenekini huli, nā lako a me nā ʻōnaehana kelepona.
Ua paʻa nui kēia mau hui ma ka mākeke Pūnaewele, a ke hoʻomau nei ko lākou mana. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho i kā lākou mau kūlana ponoʻī a hoʻolaha i nā lawelawe a me nā huahana i kūpono iā lākou. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou ke kālā a loaʻa i nā hoʻomaka hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa, i mea e hoʻonui ai i kā lākou aupuni digital.
Ua lilo nā GAFAM i mea koʻikoʻi no nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele he nui, akā hoʻohewa pinepine ʻia ko lākou mana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kēia mau ʻoihana i ka mana ʻokoʻa ma luna o kekahi mau māhele o ka mākeke Pūnaewele, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana hoʻomāinoino i ka mana a me nā hana anti-competitive. Eia kekahi, ʻo ko lākou hiki ke hōʻiliʻili a hoʻoponopono i ka ʻikepili pilikino o nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele e hōʻino pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻouka ʻana i ka pilikino. ma
ʻOiai nā ʻōlelo hoʻohewa, hoʻomau ka GAFAM i ka mākeke pūnaewele a ʻaʻole paha e loli kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua lilo kēia mau hui i mea nui no nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele he nui, a he paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi wā e hiki mai ana me ka ʻole o lākou.
IPO
ʻO Apple ka hui GAFAM kahiko loa e pili ana i ka IPO. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1976 e ka mea hōʻailona Steve Jobs, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ma 1980. A laila hele mai ʻo Microsoft mai Bill Gates (1986), Amazon mai Jeff Bezos (1997), Google mai Larry Page a me Sergey Brin (2004) a me Facebook na Mark Zuckerberg (2012). ).
Nā huahana a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana
I ka wā mua, ua kālele nā hui GAFAM i nā ʻenehana hou, ʻoiai ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hana - kelepona a paʻa paha - nā kamepiula a i ʻole nā hopena kelepona e like me nā smartphones, nā papa a me nā wati pili. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ke olakino, streaming a i ʻole ke kaʻa.
Hoʻopaʻapaʻa
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo GAFAM wale nō ka hui o nā ʻoihana e noho nei. Ua puka mai kekahi, e like me ka FAANG. Loaʻa iā mākou Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Google a me Netflix. I kēia ʻāpana, ua lawe ka nunui streaming i kahi o ka Redmond firm. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo Netflix wale nō ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai aku i ka wā e pili ana i ka ʻikepili multimedia, ʻoiai ʻo Amazon a - ʻo Apple paha - ua hahai i ka lole. Manaʻo mākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Amazon Prime Video. Ke kamaʻilio pū nei mākou no NATU. No kāna ʻāpana, aia kēia hui iā Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla a me Uber.
ʻO GAFAM, he aupuni i kūkulu ʻia i ka pōhaku ma ka pōhaku
ʻO ka hoʻonui pupule o kā lākou mau hana ua hoʻoikaika i nā hui GAFAM e kūkulu i kahi aupuni maoli. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma ka nui o nā loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e nā ʻoihana ʻAmelika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻike mākou i kahi ʻano like. I ka wā mua, hoʻomaka nā GAFAM me nā ʻenehana hou. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻonui nā ʻoihana i kā lākou mau hale lole ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e hana ana i nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka laʻana o Amazon
Hoʻomaka ʻo Amazon ma kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo Jeff Bezos kahi mea kūʻai puke puke maʻalahi. I kēia lā, ua lilo kāna hui i alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻole i ka e-commerce. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ua hana ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana hoʻoili, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o Zappos.
Ua loea pū ʻo Amazon i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā huahana meaʻai, ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o Whole Foods Market no ka huina haʻahaʻa o 13,7 biliona kālā. Loaʻa ia ma ka Internet of Things (IoT), ka Cloud a me ka streaming (Amazon Prime).
ʻO ka laʻana o Apple
No kāna ʻāpana, ua loaʻa i ka hui Cupertino kahi kokoke i 14 mau hui kūikawā ʻike akamai mai ka makahiki 2013. He poʻe akamai nō hoʻi kēia mau hui i ka ʻike maka, nā mea kōkua virtual a me ka automation software.
Ua loaʻa pū ʻo Apple i ka loea loea ʻo Beats no $ 3 biliona (2014). Mai ia manawa mai, ua kālai ʻo Apple brand i wahi koʻikoʻi nona iho i ke kahe ʻana o nā mele ma o Apple Music. No laila, lilo ia i mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi no Spotify.
ʻO ka laʻana o Google
Ua loaʻa pū i ka hui ʻo Mountain View kāna ʻāpana o ka loaʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, nui nā huahana a mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā (Google Doc, Google Earth) i hānau ʻia mai kēia mau mea lawe. Ke hana nui nei ʻo Google me ka Android. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana ka OS ma 2005 no ka huina o 50 miliona mau kālā.
ʻAʻole pau ka makemake o Google ma laila. Ua hoʻomaka pū ka hui e lanakila i ka naʻauao artificial, nā ao a me nā hui palapala palapala.
ʻO ka laʻana o Facebook
No kāna ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Facebook ma mua o nā hui GAFAM ʻē aʻe. Ua hana naʻe ʻo Mark Zuckerberg i nā hana naʻauao, e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o AboutFace, Instagram a i ʻole Snapchat. I kēia lā, kapa ʻia ka ʻoihana ʻo Meta. ʻAʻole makemake hou ʻo ia e hōʻike i kahi ʻoihana pūnaewele maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, ke nānā nei ʻo ia i ka Metaverse a me ka naʻauao artificial.
ʻO ka laʻana o Microsoft
E like me Facebook, ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻo Microsoft i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi ʻoihana. ʻOi loa ia i ka pāʻani ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka Redmond firm iā ia iho, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka loaʻa ʻana o Minecraft a me kāna studio Mojang no 2,5 biliona kālā. Aia nō ka loaʻa ʻana o Activision Blizzard - ʻoiai inā ʻo kēia hana ke kumuhana o kekahi mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa -.
No ke aha kēia mau kūʻai?
“E loaʻa hou aʻe e loaʻa hou aʻe”… ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua like ia me ia. ʻO kēia ma luna o nā mea a pau he koho hoʻolālā. Ma ke kūʻai ʻana i kēia mau hui, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā GAFAM i nā patent waiwai. Ua hoʻohui pū ka Big Five i nā hui ʻenekinia a me nā mākau ʻike ʻia.
He oligarchy?
Eia nō naʻe, he hoʻolālā ia ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no kekahi poʻe nānā, he hopena maʻalahi kēia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana hou, makemake ka Big Five e kūʻai i nā ʻoihana hoʻohiki.
ʻO nā hana i uku iā lākou "ʻaʻohe mea" i hāʻawi ʻia i kā lākou mana kālā nui. No laila, hōʻole kekahi i ka mana o ke kālā a me ka makemake e hoʻopau i nā hoʻokūkū āpau. He kūlana maoli ia o ka oligarchy no laila ua kau ʻia, me nā mea a pau e pili ana ...
E heluhelu: He aha ke ʻano o ka acronym DC? Nā Kiʻiʻoniʻoni, TikTok, Abbreviation, Medical, and Washington, DC
ʻO ka mana piha a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa "Big Brother".
Inā loaʻa kekahi kumuhana e hoʻāla maoli i ka hoʻohewa, ʻo ia ka hoʻokele o ka ʻikepili pilikino. Nā kiʻi, nā kikoʻī pili, nā inoa, nā makemake… He mau mina gula maoli kēia no nā pilikua GAFAM. Ua lilo nō hoʻi lākou i kumu o nā mea hōʻino i hōʻino i ko lākou kiʻi.
ʻO nā leaks i ka nūpepa, nā hōʻike inoa ʻole a me nā hoʻopiʻi like ʻole i hoʻopili nui ʻia iā Facebook. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka hui ʻo Mark Zuckerberg no ka hoʻohana hewa ʻana i ka ʻikepili pilikino o kāna mea hoʻohana. Eia kekahi, ma Mei 2022, ua lohe ʻia ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele e ka American Justice. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i ʻike mua ʻia i hoʻokahe nui ʻia ka ʻīnika.
He hopena "Big Brother".
No laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kahi hopena "Big Brother"? ʻO ka hope, ma ke ʻano he hoʻomanaʻo, e hōʻike ana i kahi manaʻo o ka nānā holoʻokoʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia e Georges Orwell ma kāna puke moʻolelo kaulana ʻo 1984. ʻO nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia he ʻāpana o ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa iā lākou kā mākou mea huna pili loa.
Hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā GAFAM no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻikepili makamae e nānā i kā lākou mea hoʻohana. ʻO ka pahuhopu, e like me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ʻo ia ke kūʻai aku i kēia ʻike i nā mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa, e like me nā mea hoʻolaha a i ʻole nā ʻoihana kalepa ʻē aʻe.
