🎵 2022-04-24 14:59:00 - Paris/France.
Ndikhe ndaya kuyo yonke iklabhu yejazz enkulu eUnited States, kwaye abambalwa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa andinakubala inani lamaxesha endiye ndaya eVanguard. Ndahlala kanye ekoneni okwethutyana, nto leyo eyenza kwalula ukungena apho.
Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni eyenza iVanguard ibe yinto ekhethekileyo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngomnini wayo. U-Lorraine Gordon, owathatha i-Vanguard emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe uMax ngo-1989, waba ngumnini weqela le-jazz wokuqala ukuwongwa njenge-Endowment yeSizwe yobuGcisa (NEA) Jazz Masters Fellow. U-Lorraine, owasweleka ngo-2018, waphila iminyaka engama-95; emva kokufa kwakhe, intombi yakhe uDeborah yathatha ulawulo lweklabhu.
Imbeko ye-NEA kaLorraine yafika kwi-2013; le ngcaphuno imfutshane kudliwano-ndlebe kunye naye ngelo xesha iinkcukacha ukuba wabandakanyeka njani kwindawo ye-jazz yaseNew York kunye nendlela imbali yeVanguard njengendawo ye-jazz ye-iconic (kunye nobudlelwane bakhe noMax) yaqala.
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, akukho ndlela yokunciphisa ishumi lomculo orekhodwe kwiVanguard kwibali elinye. Kodwa ndiza kuqala ekuqaleni, kunye ne-tenor saxophonist u-Sonny Rollins, orekhode i-albhamu yokuqala epheleleyo yeklabhu. Iwebhusayithi kaRollins ibonelela ngobomi bakhe:
UWalter Theodore Rollins wazalwa ngoSeptemba 7, 1930 eNew York. Ukhulele eHarlem, engekude neSavoy Ballroom, iApollo Theatre kunye nomnyango wesithixo sakhe, uColeman Hawkins. Emva kokufumanisa iFats Waller kunye noLouis Armstrong kwangethuba, wathatha i-alto saxophone, ephefumlelwe nguLouis Jordan. Xa wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu, watshintshela kwi-tenor, ezama ukuxelisa uHawkins. Kwakhona wawela phantsi kopelo lwenguquko yomculo eyayimngqongile, bebop.
Waqala ukulandela uCharlie Parker kwaye kungekudala waba phantsi kwephiko likaThelonious Monk, owaba ngumcebisi wakhe womculo kunye neguru. Ngelixa ehlala eSugar Hill, oontanga bakhe bomculo abangabamelwane babandakanya uJackie McLean, uKenny Drew kunye no-Art Taylor, kodwa yayinguSonny omncinci owayengowokuqala ukuphuma kwipakethi, esebenza kwaye erekhoda kunye noBabs Gonzales, JJ Johnson, Bud Powell kunye noMiles. UDavis ngaphambi kokuba babe namashumi amabini. “Ewe, aba bantu bakhona ukuze babizwe kuba ndicinga ukuba ndibamele ngandlel’ ithile,” utshilo uRollins ngoontanga bakhe nabacebisi bakhe. “Abakho apha ngoku, ngoko ndiziva ngathi ndibamele bonke, bonke abafana. Khumbula, ndingomnye wabafana bokugqibela abaseleyo, njengoko ndihlala ndixelelwa, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha ndiziva ndibophelelekile ukuba ndikhulise aba bantu.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-50, wazimisa kuqala phakathi kweemvumi, emva koko phakathi koluntu, njengoyena mntu uselula unesiphithiphithi noyilayo kwindawo, ngomsebenzi wakhe noMiles, uMonk kunye neMJQ.
Kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-60 sokurekhodwa kwecwecwe likaRollins 'Vanguard, Ngobunye ubusuku kwilali ye-avant-garde, Umgxeki weJazz kunye nombhali uNate Chinen bangene ebalini kwaye wenza udliwanondlebe nentsomi - ngoko wayeneminyaka engama-87 ubudala - kwi-NPR ngo-2017.
“IVanguard yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili ngelo xesha,” ukhumbula oko [uRollins], ethetha ngomnxeba ekwikhaya lakhe eliseWoodstock, N.Y. “Abafana abaninzi babedlala apho, yaye bonke babebonakala bewucula ngaphandle kwaloo mqobo. Ndaziva ndikhululekile. »
Kumanqaku okuqala e-LP, akhutshwe kwi-Blue Note Records ngo-1958, uLeonard Feather uthi "ibandakanya kabini kuqala". Ubhekisa ku Ubusuku obuphambili kwilali Ingamaxwebhu okuqala kaRollins njengomlawuli weqela kunye necwecwe lokuqala elirekhodwe kwiVillage Vanguard, igumbi elingaphantsi elimilise okwengca elijongwayo, ngelo xesha nangoku, njengenye yeparadesi enkulu yejazz yaseNew York.
I-Plume ayifuni kakhulu, kodwa Ubusuku obuphambili kwilali sisihloko esilahlekisayo kancinane, njengoko icwecwe likwabandakanya imathiriyeli erekhodiweyo ngexesha lemini yemini. I-trio yangokuhlwa ibonisa i-bassist uWilbur Ware kunye ne-drummer u-Elvin Jones, iqela le-rhythm eliqinisekisayo elidibanisa ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuziva kubambelela ngokuqinileyo phantsi kweenyawo. Emva kwemini, uRollins wasebenzisa uDonald Bailey kwi-bass kunye noPete La Roca kwimigqomo - ukubhanqa kunye nobuninzi bomlilo kodwa imfihlakalo encinci kunye ne-nuance.
UJoseph Neff, umhleli oyintloko weSithili saseVinyl, wabhala owakhe umhobe wecwecwe likaRollins lika-2014.
Ezi mvumi ziye zaphunyezwa zezinye zezona jazz zakha zarekhodwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho kukhululwa kwi-discography ye-Rollins ephezulu, kunye ne-solos yophondo kwi-"Old Devil Moon" yodwa ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa iindleko ezipheleleyo zale LP. Kwaye ngelixa edlala, uJones kunye noWare banxibelelana rhoqo kunye ne-saxophonist kunye nomnye. URollins useyinkokeli ngokucacileyo; wabiza iingoma kwaye nguye owakrola ibhastile lalo mfanekiso ubalaseleyo weaudio wehla wabathathu kwasekuqaleni.
Kodwa umntu ufuna ukumamela kuphela ukuqina okuguquguqukayo, ibhalansi eqinisekisiweyo yesingqisho esihambelana nomnqweno womculo, kumgca we-bass wokuvula kaWare ku "Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise" ukuqonda ukuba ekudalweni kwalo mculo, hayi. ingcamango enye malunga noluhlu lwemigangatho. Ke, ngokwengqiqo, iisolo zikaWare zinika umdla ngokungenasiphelo kwaye azikho kwinkonzo yefomula, kwaye oko kusebenza kunwebeka ngokulula kumsebenzi ophendulayo kaJones kwikhithi.
Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, nguRollins ochukumisa kakhulu, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba bambalwa baye babonakala besoyika ngelixa betyhileka ngokwemvelo, ulwelo lwakhe lokuphucula kodwa luxhomekeke ekujikeni okubalulekileyo. Kodwa ukuba wayesoloko enxulunyaniswa nemfundiso yobulumko yakudala, wayengabotshwanga nayo. Umzekelo, ngokubethelela “umqolo kaStriver” omfutshane, owokuqala kwiingoma zikaRollins, ngenkululeko eyongeziweyo, iqela lazo zombini iimbekiselo ziyayigqitha.
Nali icwecwe elipheleleyo, imizuzu engama-43 kuphela ubude.
Okulandelayo: John Coltrane. Akwaba ndandinokuthi ndandikwiVillage Vanguard kule seshoni, kodwa ke, xa yashicilelwa ngowe-1961, ndandineminyaka eli-14 kuphela ubudala. Ndakhe ndabonisa u-'Trane apha ngaphambili kwaye ndabelana ngempembelelo yena nenkosikazi yakhe uNaima abanayo kum, kodwa andizange ndibhale ngecwecwe lakhe lokuqala eliphilayo. Ndamangaliswa, ekuphononongeni i-albhamu yokuqala yokwamkelwa okubalulekileyo, ukufunda ukuba abaninzi abantu abahlawulwe ukukala bakhathazekile ngayo kwaye baziva benyanzelekile ukuba benze i-pontificate kwaye bagwebe kwi-bailiwick yabo ye "jazz." Abagxeki belo xesha babengqwabalala kangangokuba Iphephancwadi Elingenathemba wanika uColtrane no-Eric Dolphy ithuba lokuba "baphendule abagxeki bejazz" ngo-Aprili 1962.
Ininzi ye-vituperation ejoliswe kwiColtrane yaxhaswa ngumbutho wakhe noDolphy.
Ukudlala kukaDolphy kuye kwanconywa kwaye kwaqalekiswa ukusukela oko wafikayo kumdlalo wejezi wesizwe malunga neminyaka emibini edlulileyo. Kwihlobo elidlulileyo, uDolphy wajoyina ibhendi yaseColtrane kukhenketho. Kwakulolu khenketho apho uColtrane kunye noDolphy beza phantsi komlilo ovuthayo we-DownBeat usekela umhleli uJohn Tynan, umgxeki wokuqala ukuba athathe isimo esiqinileyo kunye noluntu ngokuchasene noko uColtrane noDolphy babedlala.
Kwi-DownBeat kaNovemba 23, 1961, uTynan wabhala: "Kutshanje, kwiKlabhu yeRenaissance yaseHollywood, ndiphulaphule umboniso owoyikekayo wento ebonakala ngathi ikhula ngokuchasene nejazz ebonakaliswa ngaba baxhasi baphambili. [Coltrane kunye neDolphy] yento esiyibiza ngokuba ngumculo we-avant-garde. “Ndive icandelo lesingqisho esilungileyo…zilahleka emva koqheliselo lwe-nihilistic yeempondo ezimbini…UColtrane noDolphy babonakala bezimisele ukutshabalalisa ngabom [ujingi]. …Babonakala bezimisele ukulandela indlela engaqhelekanga kumculo wabo enokuchazwa kuphela njengabachasi. -jazz.
Igama elithi anti-jazz lithathwe nguLeonard Feather kwaye lisetyenziswe njengesiseko sezincoko ezibalulekileyo nguColtrane, uDolphy, u-Ornette Coleman kunye "nobutsha" ngokubanzi kwi-DownBeat kunye ne-Show. Ukusabela komfundi kwiintetha zikaTynan kunye noFeather kwakungoko nangoko, kunothando, kwaye malunga nokwahlulwa ngokulinganayo.
Intatheli kunye nomgxeki womculo uBen Ratliff wabhala inqaku elide kakhulu IWashington Post kunyaka ophelileyo malunga ne "Coltrane kunye ne-Essence ye-1961." Ngelishwa, uRatliff uchitha ininzi yebali exoxa ngezinto ezenzekayo kwihlabathi kwi-1961, kunye nexesha elincinci lokuxoxa ngomculo.
Ukubulawa kobu busuku kwakhululwa njenge-LP enye ngoFebruwari 1962, kunye neengoma ezintathu kuphela. Le yayiyi "Spiritual" enzulu kwaye ilula, eyathi kamva yanceda ukuchaza uhlobo lomculo osandul 'ubizwa ngokuba yi "jazz yokomoya"; inguqulelo yakhe yomgangatho othi “Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise,” (ngolu shicilelo) wanceda ukuchaza eyona jazz ingundoqo; kwaye, kulo lonke icala le-B, i-12-bar blues eguquguqukayo ku-F ebizwa ngokuba yi "Chasin' the Trane," eqala ngequbuliso, ngokungathi iphuma kwiteyiphu, kwaye ibhabhela phambili emiphungeni, engachazi nto kwaye unoxanduva akukho nto. Iphela xa iphelile kwaye inokuhlala ixesha elide. Akayazi intsingiselo "yaneleyo." Ngamanye amaxesha iba yimincili ngendlela enganyamezelekiyo. Oku kusenokwenza umphulaphuli acinge: yintoni kanye kanye eyenzekayo apha?
Kunokuba uthumele iziqwengana ezininzi zezimvo zabanye abantu, kuthekani ngokumamela ukusebenza kwemizuzu engama-36 kwaye ube ngumgwebi wakho?
Enye yezinto ezichazayo kwimbali yeVanguard kukuba iya kuhlala iyindawo yokuzalwa yeThad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra. IiResonance Records zavelisa olu xwebhu lufutshane malunga neqela lomculo lokuqala ngoFebruwari 7, 1966. Ndandilonwabele kakhulu udliwano-ndlebe neenjineli zokurekhoda neemvumi.
Kwi-2016 NPRs Ubusuku beJazz eMelika uphawule unyaka wama-50 weThad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra eVanguard.
Ngomnyaka we-1965, ixilongo kunye nomqambi / umcwangcisi uThad Jones kunye nomdlali we-drummer uMel Lewis bazifumana benencwadi yomculo webhendi enkulu eyayijoliswe kwi-Count Basie Orchestra - kwaye akukho mntu unokuyenza. Ngoko bazenzela ezabo. Bathathe ezinye zezona talente zibalaseleyo zaseNew York kwaye baqhuba uqheliselo ngoMvulo ngokuhlwa, xa iimvumi zestudiyo zinokundwendwela. Kwaye ngethuba babeqala ngoMvulo ngoFebruwari ka-1966 kwilali yodumo yaseVanguard, babesele bengamandla ekubalelwa kuye – kungekudala baba lelona qela likhulu linempembelelo kule minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo. IThad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra, ngoku eyiVanguard Jazz Orchestra, isadlala rhoqo ngoMvulo ngorhatya.
Ungabukela isiqendu esipheleleyo ngezantsi.
ULondolozo lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo zikaThad Jones lubonelela ngale bhayografi.
UThad Jones, ixilongo, i-cornetist, umququzeleli kunye nomqambi, wazalelwa kufuphi neDetroit ePontiac, eMichigan ngoMatshi 28, 1923. Ungomnye wabazalwana abathathu ababenomsebenzi obalulekileyo weJazz: UHank Jones, oyena mdala kwaba bathathu, umsebenzi omde njengomdlali wepiyano oyincutshe; oyena mncinane, u-Elvin Jones wabadlali begubu abanempembelelo kakhulu kwixesha langoku.
Emva kokusebenza emkhosini, kuquka ukunxulumana neSikolo Somkhosi saseUnited States soMculo nokusebenza namaqela omculo ommandla eDes Moines nakwisiXeko saseOklahoma, uThad waba lilungu leCount Basie Orchestra ngoMeyi 1954. Wagqalwa njengomdlali oyedwa kulo mthombo -iingoma ezaziwayo. ezifana "Aprili e Paris", "Shiny Stockings" kunye "Corner Pocket". Nangona kunjalo, igalelo lakhe elona galelo lakhe lalimalunga neshumi elinambini lamalungiselelo kunye neengoma zakhe zeBasie Orchestra, kubandakanya "iDikoni", "HRH" (UbuKumkani bakhe, ukuhlonipha ukusebenza kweqela eLondon), "I-Counter Block" kunye nokuncinci. -amatye anqabileyo aziwayo afana "noKuthetha ngeZandi". Umhobe wakhe onjengomhobe othi "Kuwe" wenziwa liqela leBasie elidityaniswe neDuke Ellington Orchestra ekurekhodeni kuphela kunye, kwaye ushicilelo oluthi "Dance Along With Basie" luqulathe phantse icwecwe lilonke lamalungiselelo angagunyaziswanga eengoma zikaJones eziqhelekileyo.
UJones wayishiya iBasie Orchestra ngo-1963 ukuze abe ngumququzeleli ozimeleyo kunye nomdlali weseshoni eNtsha…
SOURCE: Uphonononga Iindaba
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