Kwemazana emakore, maGypsies ave ari chikamu chakakosha chetsika dzeSpanish. Kunyange zvazvo kuvapo kwavo kwakavamba zvizvarwa zvakapfuura, chimiro chavo chepamutemo nekodzero seboka duku renyika zvakangozivikanwa nguva pfupi yapfuura. Pasinei nematambudziko avanotarisana nawo, huwandu uhu hwakabatsira zvakanyanya mukupfumisa tsika dzeSpain.
Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora nhoroondo yeGypsies muSpain pamwe chete nemamiriro avo emutemo, matambudziko uye mipiro yetsika. Tichaonawo kuedza kwakaitwa neSpain kugadzirisa mamiriro avo ezvinhu uye tichaongorora tarisiro yeramangwana reGypsies muSpain.
Nhoroondo yeGypsies muSpain
MaGypsies akatanga kutaurwa muEurope muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kwemazana emakore akatevera, vakatamira kuEurope, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutambudzwa uye kusarura kwaiitwa munyika yavo. Spain yaive imwe yenyika dzekutanga dzeEurope kugamuchira maGypsies, nekuda kwekushivirira kwemamiriro ekunze uye tsika.
Kwemazana emakore, maGypsies muSpain akatambudzwa uye akasarurwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbomo, kusanganisira vabvunzurudzo nezviremera zvechitendero. Somuenzaniso, muna 1554 murayiro wamambo wakapiwa wairambidza maGypsy kupinda munharaunda yeSpain. VaGypsy vakatambudzwa nokuda kwemararamiro avo nezvavanotenda uye vakaiswa muzvirambidzo zvakawanda nokusarurwa.
Zana remakore rechi1950 rakaratidzirwa nekuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu eGypsies muSpain. MaXNUMX yaive nguva yekuchinja uye yemazuva ano, uye zviremera zveSpain zvakatanga kuziva kodzero dzemagypsies uye kudziisa muzvirongwa zvekusimudzira magariro.
Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, maGypsies muSpain anoramba achitarisana nekusarura uye kusarura. MaGypsies anowanzobatanidzwa nehutsotsi nehurombo uye anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi mukuwana basa nedzidzo.
Muna 1982, Spain yakaziva vashoma veGypsy seboka rakasiyana uye vakapasisa mutemo uchivapa kodzero dzakanangana, kusanganisira dzimba, hutano uye dzidzo. Muna 2005, Spain ndiyo yaive nyika yekutanga yeEurope kutora nzira yenyika yekusimudzira nekuchengetedza kodzero dzeGypsies.
Muna 2017, Spain yakapa mutemo une chinangwa chekusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwevanhu veGypsies nekuvandudza mararamiro avo. Mutemo wakarumbidzwa senhanho yakakosha kumberi kwekodzero dzemagypsies muSpain uye yakagamuchirwawo nevepasi rose.
Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, maGypsies muSpain achiri kutarisana nekuoma kwevanhu uye hupfumi, uye kusaenzana kunopfuurira. Zviremera zveSpain nemapoka ekodzero dzegypsy anoenderera mberi nekushanda kuvandudza mamiriro emagypsies muSpain uye kusimudzira kodzero dzavo uye tsika dzemipiro.
Mamiriro epamutemo eGypsies muSpain
MaSpanish Gypsies ave achionekwa kwenguva refu sevanhu vashoma uye vasina kubudirira. Vakanga vasingazivikanwe senharaunda yepamutemo uye vakatambura nerusarura rwehurongwa. Kufambira mberi kwemutemo muma1990s, zvisinei, kwakavandudza chimiro chepamutemo cheGypsies muSpain, kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvichiripo.
Nhasi, maGypsies eSpain anonakidzwa nebumbiro remutemo uye kodzero dzemutemo. Bumbiro reSpain re1978 inoziva kuvapo kwevashoma vechigypsy uye anovapa kodzero yekuchengetedzwa kwakakosha. Mutemo wa1998 wekodzero dzevashoma vemarudzi netsika wakavandudzawo mamiriro emutemo emaGypsies muSpain.
Uye zvakare, maSpanish maGypsies anodzivirirwa neEuropean Union Community mutemo. Charter of Fundamental Rights yeEuropean Union inovimbisa kuremekedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye kodzero dzakaenzana kune vose vagari vomuEurope, kusanganisira vashoma vemarudzi netsika.
Pasinei nekufambira mberi uku, maGypsies muSpain achiri kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi maererano nekodzero dzepamutemo. Rusarura uhwu nehurombo zvichiri kuitika mune mamwe matunhu enyika. VaGypsies vakatarisana nekushaya kucherechedzwa kwekodzero dzavo uye rusaruro mukuwana dzidzo, hutano nemabasa.
Uyezve, mamiriro epamutemo eGypsies muSpain achiri asina kusimba uye ari panjodzi. Mitemo iripo haina kukwana kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwavo uye kubatanidzwa kwavo munharaunda. Kumwe kuedza kunodiwa kusimudzira kodzero dzavo dzakakosha uye kubatana kwavo munzanga yeSpain.
Pakupedzisira, kurwisana nekusarura uye kubatanidzwa kwevanhu veGypsies muSpain hakugone kuitwa zvakanaka pasina kuzvipira kwezvematongerwe enyika uye zvemagariro ezviremera uye vagari venyika. Izvo zvakakosha kuti masangano uye vagari vashande pamwechete kukurudzira tsika yekuremekedza uye kushivirira kune vedzinza netsika zvidiki muSpain.
Matambudziko akatarisana nemaGypsies muSpain
MaGypsies muSpain anotarisana nematambudziko akawanda nekuda kwerusarura rwavanosangana narwo. Chokwadi, kunyangwe Bumbiro reSpain richivimbisa kodzero yekuenzana, maGypsies anowanzo batwa nerusarura uye kusarura. Rusarura runogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakusabatanidzwa mune zvemagariro evanhu uye mune zveupfumi kusvika kumhirizhonga yepanyama nekusemwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, maGypsies anowanzo kutarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinovatadzisa kuwana dzidzo, basa uye hutano hwehutano. MaGypsies anowanzo kubviswa kubva kune dzidzo yehurumende uye hutano hwehutano, izvo zvinovadzivisa kuwana mikana inogona kuvabvumira kutiza urombo. Uyezve, maGypsies anowanzova vanyajambwa verusarura mumabasa uye vanotarisana nehuwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu.
Mukuwedzera, maGypsies anowanzotarisana nezvinetso zvine chokuita nekuwana dzimba. MaGypsies mazhinji anogara munzvimbo dzisina njodzi, sezvo vasingakwanise kuwana dzimba dzakakwana uye dzinodhura. Mukuwedzera, maGypsies mazhinji akadzingwa uye anofanirwa kugara mumisasa yevapoteri yenguva pfupi kana nzvimbo dzekugara.
Pakupedzisira, maGypsies anowanzotarisana nezvipingamupinyi mukuwana mabasa ehurumende, akadai sekubatsira kwevanhu uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, maGypsies anowanzotarisana nezvipingamupinyi mukuwana kururamisira. Chokwadi, maGypsies anowanzo batwa nerusarura uye rusarura pavanenge vachiedza kusimbisa kodzero dzavo mudare.
Mukupedzisa, maGypsies muSpain anotarisana nematambudziko mazhinji nekuda kwerusarura rwavanosangana narwo. Zvipingamupinyi zvezvimiro, zvakadai sekuwana dzidzo, basa uye pekugara, pamwe chete nekuwana mabasa ehurumende uye kururamisira, zvinhu zvinokonzera kusabatanidzwa uye kusarura magypsies muSpain.
Cultural Contributions yeGypsies muSpain
MaGypsies muSpain ane akakosha uye akasiyana etsika mipiro akagovaniswa uye anoyemurwa pasirese. Gypsy tsika imhando yekutaura yakapfuma munhoroondo uye tsika. VaGypsies vanozivikanwa nemimhanzi yavo, kutamba, mararamiro, tsika uye unyanzvi.
Mimhanzi yeGypsy ine mukurumbira pasi rose uye inoonekwa sechishongo chetsika dzeSpanish. Anozivikanwa neruzha rwake runyoro uye mafambiro anoyerera. Mimhanzi yeGypsy ine simba guru uye yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nemamwe marudzi emimhanzi, akadai seflamenco uye salsa.
Kutamba kweGypsy chimwe chinhu chakakosha chetsika dzegypsy. MaGypsies anozivikanwa nekufamba kwawo kwemvura uye pfungwa yerhythm. Madhanzi echiGypsy anonyanya kutaura uye anogona kushandiswa kutaura nyaya kana kuratidza manzwiro. Mamwe emitambo yakakurumbira ndeye flamenco uye rumba.
VaGypsies vanozivikanwawo nemararamiro avo uye tsika yavo. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekugamuchira vaeni uye kunzwa kwemhuri. MaGypsies akabatanidzwa zvakanyanya kutsika netsika dzavo uye anoisa kukosha kukuru pakukudzwa uye kuvimbika.
Gypsy art zvakare yakapfuma kwazvo uye yakasiyana uye inosanganisira mafomu eunyanzvi akadai sekupenda, kuvezwa uye mimhanzi. MaGypsies anozivikanwa netarenda ravo rehunyanzvi uye kugona kwavo. Gypsy art ine ruvara rwakanyanya uye inoratidzira uye inogona kuoneka mumigwagwa, macafe uye magaraji eSpain.
VaGypsies muSpain saka vane zvipo zvakakosha uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvetsika. Mimhanzi, kutamba, nzira yehupenyuSpain yakaita nhamburiko huru yekuvandudza mamiriro evaGypsies, avo vaimbove vakashorwa uye vachishorwa. Muna 2007, hurumende yeSpain yakatora chirongwa chenyika chekusimudzira nekuchengetedza kodzero dzeGypsies. Urongwa uhwu hwakagadzirirwa kusimudzira magariro uye hupfumi kubatanidzwa kweGypsies, pamwe nekuvandudza mararamiro avo.
Urongwa hwenyika hwekusimudzirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevaGypsies hunosanganisira matanho ekusimudzira kuwaniswa kwedzidzo, basa uye hutano hwevaGypsies, pamwe nekurwisa kusarura uye kubviswa kwavari kuitwa. Inosanganisirawo matanho ekusimudzira kutora chikamu kweGypsies munharaunda uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwavo mumusika wevashandi.
Pamusoro pechirongwa ichi, hurumende yeSpain yakagadzira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza mararamiro evaGypsies. Semuyenzaniso, chirongwa che "Pact for the integration of Gypsies" chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kuwaniswa kwedzidzo, basa uye hutano hwevaGypsies, pamwe nekurwisa rusarura uye kusagarisana nevamwe ivo vari vanyajambwa.
Hurumende yeSpain yakaisawo matanho ekukurudzira kushandiswa kweGypsies. Semuenzaniso, chirongwa che "Spain of Possibilities" chakatangwa muna 2008 kupa makambani akazvimirira rubatsiro rwemari kuhaya maGypsies. Pamusoro pezvo, Hurumende yeSpain yakagadzira zvirongwa zvekudzidzira basa uye zvirongwa zvekufunda zvevaGypsies kuti vavape maturusi avanoda kuti vawane basa.
Spain yakaisawo zvirongwa zvekuvandudza maGypsies 'kuwana mabasa eruzhinji, semvura, magetsi uye gasi. Hurumende yeSpain yakamisawo zvirongwa zvekusimudzira kuwanikwa kweGypsies kune dzidzo nehutano.
Chekupedzisira, hurumende yeSpain yakamisa zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira tsika dzechigypsy uye kurwisa kusashivirira uye rusarura. Zvirongwa izvi zvinovavarira kusimudzira kusiyana kwetsika uye kukurudzira kutaura kwetsika dzechigypsy.
Kuedza kwehurumende yeSpain kugadzirisa mamiriro eGypsy kwakagamuchirwa nenharaunda yeGypsy. Zvisinei, kuchine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa kuvandudza mamiriro eGypsies muSpain uye kuvaita kuti vabatsirwe zvizere nekodzero dzakafanana sevamwe vagari veSpain., tsika uye unyanzvi hweGypsies vane simba guru uye vanoongwa munyika yose. nyika. MaGypsies anozivikanwa nekugamuchira vaeni, pfungwa yemhuri, kukudzwa uye kuvimbika. Gypsy art ine mavara uye inoratidzira. Saka zviri pachena kuti maGypsies muSpain ane mipiro yakakosha uye yakasiyana-siyana yetsika inofanirwa kucherechedzwa nekuremekedzwa.
Kuedza kweSpanish kuvandudza mamiriro eGypsies
Spain yakaita nhamburiko huru kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu eGypsies, avo vaimboshorwa uye vachishorwa. Muna 2007, hurumende yeSpain yakatora chirongwa chenyika chekusimudzira nekuchengetedza kodzero dzeGypsies. Urongwa uhwu hwakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwezvemagariro nehupfumi hweGypsies, pamwe nekuvandudza mararamiro avo.
Urongwa hwenyika hwekusimudzirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevaGypsies hunosanganisira matanho ekusimudzira kuwaniswa kwedzidzo, basa uye hutano hwevaGypsies, pamwe nekurwisa kusarura uye kubviswa kwavari kuitwa. Inosanganisirawo matanho ekusimudzira kutora chikamu kweGypsies munharaunda uye kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwavo mumusika wevashandi.
Pamusoro pechirongwa ichi, hurumende yeSpain yakagadzira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza mararamiro evaGypsies. Semuyenzaniso, chirongwa che "Pact for the integration of Gypsies" chine chinangwa chekusimudzira kuwaniswa kwedzidzo, basa uye hutano hwevaGypsies, pamwe nekurwisa rusarura uye kusagarisana nevamwe ivo vari vanyajambwa.
Hurumende yeSpain yakaisawo matanho ekukurudzira kushandiswa kweGypsies. Semuenzaniso, chirongwa che "Spain of Possibilities" chakatangwa muna 2008 kupa makambani akazvimirira rubatsiro rwemari kuhaya maGypsies. Pamusoro pezvo, Hurumende yeSpain yakagadzira zvirongwa zvekudzidzira basa uye zvirongwa zvekufunda zvevaGypsies kuti vavape maturusi avanoda kuti vawane basa.
Spain zvakare ine zvirongwa munzvimbo yeku kunatsiridza kuwanikwa kweGypsies kumabasa eruzhinji, zvakadai semvura, magetsi uye gasi. Hurumende yeSpain yakamisawo zvirongwa zvekusimudzira kuwanikwa kweGypsies kune dzidzo nehutano.
Chekupedzisira, hurumende yeSpain yakamisa zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekusimudzira tsika dzechigypsy uye kurwisa kusashivirira uye rusarura. Zvirongwa izvi zvinovavarira kusimudzira kusiyana kwetsika uye kukurudzira kutaura kwetsika dzechigypsy.
Kuedza kwehurumende yeSpain kugadzirisa mamiriro eGypsy kwakagamuchirwa nenharaunda yeGypsy. Zvisinei, kuchine basa rakawanda rinofanira kuitwa kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu eGypsies muSpain uye kuvaita kuti vabatsirwe zvizere nekodzero dzakafanana sevamwe vagari vomuSpain.
Ramangwana tarisiro yeGypsies muSpain
VaGypsies muSpain vakapfuura nemazana emakore ekudzvinyirirwa uye kusaruramisira. Nhasi, mamiriro avo ezvinhu ari kuchinja. Kuedza kwehurumende yeSpain kuvandudza mararamiro avo kuri kubereka zvibereko. Tarisiro yeramangwana yeGypsies muSpain saka yakanaka.
MaGypsies mazhinji muSpain anogara mumamiriro ezvinhu asina njodzi uye anowanzova vanyajambwa verusarura. Zvisinei, hurumende yeSpain ichangobva kuita zvirongwa zvakawanda zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza mararamiro avo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinosanganisira dzidzo, zvirongwa zvedzimba nezveutano, pamwe nedziviriro huru kubva kune rusarura.
Pamusoro pezvo, nharaunda yeSpanish gypsy inonakidzwa nekutsigirwa nemasangano akati wandei asiri ehurumende. Masangano aya anoshandira kusimudzira magariro avo nekuvawanisa mabasa emutemo, zvekurapa nezvimwe. Masangano aya ari kushandawo mukurwisa fungidziro dzisina kunaka dzakatenderedza nharaunda yevagypsy.
Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yeSpain ichangobva kuunza matanho ekusimudzira tsika yechigypsy uye kukurudzira kutora chikamu muhupenyu hweveruzhinji uye hwezvematongerwo enyika. Matanho aya anosanganisira kuedza kusimudzira kushandiswa kwevaGypsies uye mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa vanhu vane chinangwa chekurwisa rusarura.
Pakupedzisira, kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa maererano nekodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika dzeGypsies muSpain. Muna 2011, hurumende yeSpain yakadzika mutemo unocherechedza mamiriro emarudzi eGypsies uye unovapa kodzero yekutora chikamu musarudzo. Uyu mutemo waive nhanho yakakosha yekubatanidzwa kwemaGypsies munharaunda yeSpanish.
Mukupedzisa, tarisiro yeramangwana yeGypsies muSpain yakanaka. Hurumende yeSpain yakaita zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza mararamiro avo uye kusimudzira tsika dzavo. Uyezve, vakawana kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika uye vanokurudzirwa kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika nehupenyu hweveruzhinji. Nezviyero izvi, maGypsies muSpain achakwanisa kutarisira hupenyu huri nani uye kunyanya kuzivikanwa kwetsika dzavo.