Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa tsamba ndi malemba. Izi zikhoza mwachitsanzo kukhala malire opangidwa ndi maluwa ndi zomera, tracery (zopiringizana zosaoneka bwino). Chilembocho chikhoza kukhala chamtundu (nthawi zambiri chofiira) kusonyeza chiyambi cha mutu kapena ndime yatsopano.
Kodi zida zounikira ndi chiyani? Nthenga za tsekwe, pheasant, khwangwala, Turkey, mphungu, mwachitsanzo, zinagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba. Nthenga zachitsulo ndi "zamakono" ntchito (XIX °) ngakhale kuti zinapangidwa kalekale (kutulukira nthenga zamkuwa pofukula pa malo akale).
Kodi chikopacho chimapangidwa bwanji?
Chikopa cha nkhosa, chikopa cha ng'ombe kapena chikopa chambuzi chokonzekera mwapadera kuti alandire zolemba. Khungu la mwana wa ng’ombe lalitali, lakuya kwambiri; Est amatchedwa "vellum". Kupangidwa kwa zikopa, lonenedwa ndi nthano za anthu a ku Pergamo (motero dzina lakuti pergamenamu), mosakayikira linayambira kuchiyambi kwa nyengo ya Chikristu.
Kodi kuunikira ndi kakang'ono zikufanana bwanji?
Wanikirani Est luso lojambula ndi kujambula pamipukutu kapena m'mabuku. VS'Est luso lokongola, makamaka lazaka zapakati. The kakang'ono, za iye, Est chojambula chodziyimira payokha cha miyeso yaying'ono, yomwe idzapulumuke m'bukuli kuti ikhale ntchito yojambula mwazokha, osamvera malamulo.
Kodi zolemba pamanja za Carolingian zimakongoletsedwa bwanji?
kuwonjezera pa golidi, siliva ndi chibakuwa; zolembedwa pamanja zokongoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala kapena mithunzi yakuda kuchokera ku inki yachilengedwe, yochokera ku mchere (vermilion, lapis-lazuli, orpiment ...), nyama (wofiirira ...), masamba (indigo, orseille ...), kapenanso kupanga ma pigment, opangidwa ndi ...
Kodi mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zowunikira ndi iti?
ZimateroEst si zachilendo kupeza angapo m'mipukutu yomweyo mitundu za zokongoletsera. Mmodzi amasiyanitsa makamaka zithunzi zophiphiritsira, nyimbo zongokongoletsera ndi zoyamba.
Kodi ntchito yowunikira ndi yotani?
Ndi burashi ndi cholembera, ndichounikira amajambula ndi kukongoletsa zilembo zoyambirira ndi zokongoletsera za mipukutu yachipembedzo kapena yadziko. Chojambula Est zopangidwa ndi utoto wachilengedwe, izo Est nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa ndi tsamba la golidi kapena siliva, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala a zojambulajambula kapena zikopa.
Kodi kuunikira ndi chiyani?
Thechounikira, mwinamwake amatchedwa kuwala koyambirira, kumawonjezera maonekedwe osawoneka bwino komanso omvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Chofunikira chenicheni chopangira zodzoladzola zowala, chimawunikira mbali zina za nkhope ndikubisa zizindikiro zambiri za kutopa chifukwa cha sewero losawoneka bwino la mithunzi ndi magetsi.
Kodi dzina la chikho chomwe chajambulidwa pazikopa n'chiyani?
Mwazi wa Khristu Est wophiphiritsidwa ndi vinyo. 5- Malinga ndi chidziwitso chanu, dzina la chikho choimiridwa pazikopa ndi chiyani ? Pulogalamu ya nom de cut ndi Chalice Woyera.
Kodi chikopa chopanda kanthu n'chiyani?
Le zikopa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ndi kusindikiza nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa ndi zikopa za mbuzi ndi nkhosa; wokongola kwambiri, anati vellum kapena P [archemin] namwali, amapangidwa ndi zikopa za ng’ombe, za nkhosa, kapena za mbuzi; ndi zikopa coarser, zowonetsera, ng'oma, etc.
Momwe mungapangire zikopa mu Mawu?
Kusintha chikalata kukhala zikopa, nsalu, mwala kapena matabwa, mungagwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe monga maziko. Mawu imakupatsani mwayi wosankha pakati pamitundu ingapo. Tsegulani Design tabu ya Mawu. M'dera la Tsamba Loyambira, dinani Mtundu wa Tsamba, kenako dinani Fill Effects.
Kodi kakang'ono mu Middle Ages ndi chiyani?
Au Zaka zapakatikati, wolemba calligrapher qui ntchito okusayidi imeneyi ankatchedwa mu Latin miniator. ... Zochepa Est okusayidi wa mtovu wogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga mtundu wofiira wa mtundu wofiira kuti afufuze zilembo pamipukutu yowala. Kuwonjezera apo, a kakang'ono watchula chithunzi chochitidwa m'mabuku mosamalitsa.
Kodi ndi mawu otani amene ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mipukutu yakale?
Zolembazo zinalembedwa ndi cholembera; kuwapanga, ife anali kugwiritsa nthenga za atsekwe, swans kapena mbalame zina.
N’chifukwa chiyani tinganene kuti mpukutuwu ndi wopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri?
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa a zolemba pamanja akuyimira a ntchito nthawi yayitali, yomwe imachitika m'magawo angapo et imayitanitsa maluso osiyanasiyana a amisiri angapo et ojambula. Chinthu choyamba ndi kukopera texte bwino kunena.
Kodi malo opangira mipukutu ya Carolingian ndi ati?
Les mipukutu ufumu ndi iwo, amagwira ntchito kuchokera kwa akulu malo opanga kuchokera Kumpoto ndi Kum'mawa kwa France kupita ku Chigwa cha Loire, kudzera ku Ile-de-France, akutipempha kuti tiyang'anenso za kuyang'anira kwachifumu, momwe mabuku alili mu chuma cha mipingo ndipo, makamaka, pa ...
Kodi woganiza wamkulu wa Carolingian Renaissance ndi ndani?
Charlemagne, masukulu ndi chikhalidwe cha khothi.
Kodi kugwa kwapakati mu Middle Ages ndi chiyani?
une kuponya kapu Mbiri, yomwe imatchedwanso kalata yolembedwa, motero qu'mbiri yakale Est chilembo chofotokozera chokongoletsedwa chomwe chili chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kwambiri zamapangidwewo Zaka zapakatikati. iye Est ochotsedwa, okulitsidwa kuchokera pamutu wa mawuwo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala oyamba.
Kodi kuchepa kwa kapu mu Middle Ages ndi chiyani?
une kuponya kapu Mbiri, yomwe imatchedwanso kalata yolembedwa, motero qu'mbiri yakale Est chilembo chofotokozera chokongoletsedwa chomwe chili chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kwambiri zamapangidwewo Zaka zapakatikati. iye Est ochotsedwa, okulitsidwa kuchokera pamutu wa mawuwo ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala oyamba.
Ndi pepala lotani lowunikira?
Pali mitundu yonse ya pepala, koma pepala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamwambo kutsanulira L 'kuunikira Est wo- pepala mphamvu (pafupifupi 300g) yotentha yopanikizidwa ngati pepala mtundu wamadzi. Mukhozanso kutenga masitepe anu oyamba pepala zonenepa pang'ono zogulitsidwa mu midadada kapena payekhapayekha. Kondani iwo mapepala wopanda asidi komanso wosayamwa.
Ndani analemba zikopazo?
Pokakamizidwa kuti apeze chinthu china, anthu a ku Pergamo, malinga ndi Varro ndi Pliny, akanayambitsa zikopa kapena "khungu la Pergamon". Mu lamulo lomwe adalengeza mu 301 AD.
Kodi chiganizo cha zikopa ndi chiyani?
Tanthauzo la zikopa
Izo zikuwoneka ngati a zikopa, youma ndi makwinya.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chikopa?
Theutiliser Upangiri wathu woyamba ukhala kusunga wanu zikopa pamalo ouma, otetezedwa ku kuwala. Pepalali ndi lofooka kwambiri ndipo liyenera kusungidwa mosamala kwambiri. Konzani pepala kaleutiliser, izi zidzakutetezani kuti musamakwinya.
Kodi masamba a zikopa ndi otani?
Mapepala amatha kusonkhanitsidwa mosiyanasiyana: volumen ndi mapepala osokedwa pamodzi ndikupanga mpukutu (wogwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka IV. e - V e zaka). Imapezekabe nthawi zambiri m'zaka za XV e m'zaka za zana, mwachitsanzo ku Brittany, kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito polemba nthawi yayitali ya mayesero.