Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, a Gypsies akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chikhalidwe cha ku Spain. Ngakhale kuti kukhalapo kwawo kunayambira kale, udindo wawo mwalamulo ndi ufulu wawo monga gulu laling'ono la dziko ladziwika posachedwapa. Ngakhale kuti akukumana ndi mavuto, chiwerengerochi chathandiza kwambiri kuti chikhalidwe cha Spain chilemeretse.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mbiri ya a Gypsies ku Spain komanso momwe alili mwalamulo, zovuta komanso zopereka zachikhalidwe. Tidzawonanso zoyesayesa zomwe Spain idachita kuti zithandizire kuwongolera mkhalidwe wawo ndipo tiwona zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo la Gypsies ku Spain.
Mbiri ya Gypsy ku Spain
Ma Gypsies adatchulidwa koyamba ku Europe m'zaka za zana la XNUMX. M’zaka mazana zotsatira, iwo anasamuka ku Ulaya konse, makamaka chifukwa cha zizunzo ndi tsankho zomwe zinkachitika m’dziko lawo. Dziko la Spain linali limodzi mwa mayiko oyambirira ku Ulaya kulandira ma Gypsies chifukwa cha nyengo komanso chikhalidwe chawo chololera.
Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, a Gypsies ku Spain akhala akuzunzidwa ndi kusalidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma, kuphatikizapo ofufuza milandu ndi akuluakulu achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1554 mfumu inapereka lamulo loletsa anthu a ku Gypsies kulowa m’dera la Spain. Anthu a ku Gypsy ankazunzidwa chifukwa cha moyo wawo komanso zikhulupiriro zawo ndipo ankalamulidwa ndi ziletso zambiri komanso kusalidwa.
Zaka za m’ma 1950 zinadziwika ndi kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wa Agypsy ku Spain. Zaka za m'ma XNUMX zinali nthawi yokonzanso ndi zamakono, ndipo akuluakulu a ku Spain anayamba kuzindikira ufulu wa ma gypsies ndikuphatikiza nawo mu mapulogalamu a chitukuko cha anthu.
Ngakhale kuti izi zikupita patsogolo, a Gypsies ku Spain akupitirizabe kukumana ndi tsankho komanso tsankho. Anthu a ku Gypsy nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi umbanda ndi umphawi ndipo amakumana ndi zopinga kuti apeze ntchito ndi maphunziro.
Mu 1982, Spain idazindikira ochepa a Gypsy ngati gulu losiyana ndipo adakhazikitsa malamulo owapatsa ufulu wapadera, kuphatikiza nyumba, thanzi ndi maphunziro. Mu 2005, dziko la Spain linali dziko loyamba la ku Ulaya kuti likhale ndi ndondomeko ya dziko lolimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wa Gypsies.
Mu 2017, dziko la Spain lidapereka lamulo lolimbikitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa anthu amtundu wa Gypsies ndikuwongolera moyo wawo. Lamuloli latamandidwa ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri paufulu wa ma gypsies ku Spain komanso lalandiridwa ndi mayiko.
Ngakhale izi zikupita patsogolo, a Gypsies ku Spain akukumanabe ndi mavuto azachuma komanso azachuma, ndipo kusagwirizana kukupitilirabe. Akuluakulu aku Spain ndi magulu omenyera ufulu wachigypsy akupitilizabe kuyesetsa kukonza mkhalidwe wa ma gypsies ku Spain komanso kulimbikitsa ufulu wawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
Udindo walamulo wa Gypsies ku Spain
Anthu a ku Spanish Gypsies akhala akuonedwa ngati ochepa komanso osatukuka. Sanazindikiridwe ngati gulu lovomerezeka ndipo amavutika ndi tsankho ladongosolo. Kupita patsogolo kwamalamulo m'zaka za m'ma 1990, komabe, kwasintha malamulo a Gypsies ku Spain, ngakhale zopinga zidakalipo.
Masiku ano, a Gypsy a ku Spain ali ndi ufulu wovomerezeka ndi malamulo. Spanish Constitution ya 1978 amazindikira kukhalapo kwa ochepa achigypsy ndipo amawapatsa mwayi wotetezedwa mwapadera. Lamulo la 1998 lokhudza ufulu wa anthu amitundu ndi zikhalidwe zing'onozing'ono linathandizanso kuti anthu amtundu wa Gypsies akhazikike bwino ku Spain.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma Gypsies aku Spain amatetezedwa ndi malamulo a European Union Community. Tchata cha Ufulu Wachikhazikitso cha European Union chimatsimikizira kulemekeza kusiyanasiyana ndi ufulu wofanana kwa nzika zonse za ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo mafuko ndi zikhalidwe zazing'ono.
Ngakhale kuti izi zapita patsogolo, a Gypsies ku Spain akukumanabe ndi zopinga pankhani ya ufulu walamulo. Tsankho ladongosolo komanso umphawi zidakalipo m’madera ena a dziko lino. A Gypsy akukumana ndi kusazindikira ufulu wawo komanso tsankho pakupeza maphunziro, thanzi ndi ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo a Gypsies ku Spain akadali osalimba komanso osatetezeka. Malamulo omwe alipo siwokwanira kutsimikizira chitetezo chawo komanso kuphatikizidwa kwa anthu. Kuyesetsa kwina kuyenera kupititsa patsogolo ufulu wawo wofunikira komanso kuphatikiza kwawo m'gulu la Spain.
Pomaliza, kulimbana ndi tsankho komanso kuphatikizana kwa anthu a Gypsies ku Spain sikungachitike bwino popanda kudzipereka kwandale ndi chikhalidwe cha akuluakulu ndi nzika. Ndikofunikira kuti mabungwe ndi nzika zigwire ntchito limodzi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha ulemu ndi kulolerana kwa anthu amitundu ndi zikhalidwe zazing'ono ku Spain.
Zovuta zomwe Gypsies amakumana nazo ku Spain
Anthu a ku Gypsy ku Spain amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri chifukwa cha tsankho lomwe amakumana nalo. Zowonadi, ngakhale kuti Constitution ya ku Spain imatsimikizira ufulu wofanana, ma Gypsy nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa tsankho komanso kusalidwa. Tsankho likhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kusaganizira za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma, nkhanza zakuthupi ndi kusalana.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma Gypsy nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zopinga zomwe zimawalepheretsa kupeza maphunziro, ntchito komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Ma Gypsies nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ku maphunziro a boma ndi zaumoyo, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kupeza mwayi umene ungawalole kuthawa umphawi. Komanso, a Gypsy nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa tsankho pantchito ndipo amakumana ndi ulova wambiri kuposa anthu wamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma Gypsy nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kupeza nyumba. Anthu ambiri a ku Gypsy amakhala m’malo ovuta, chifukwa alibe nyumba zokwanira komanso zotsika mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Gypsies ambiri amasamutsidwa ndipo amayenera kukhala m'misasa yosakhalitsa ya anthu othawa kwawo kapena m'malo osakhalitsa.
Pomaliza, a Gypsies nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zopinga kuti apeze ntchito zaboma, monga chithandizo chamagulu ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma Gypsy nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zopinga kuti apeze chilungamo. Zowonadi, a Gypsies nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa tsankho komanso tsankho akafuna kunena ufulu wawo kukhoti.
Pomaliza, a Gypsies ku Spain amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri chifukwa cha tsankho lomwe amakumana nalo. Zolepheretsa zomangamanga, monga mwayi wopeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi nyumba, komanso mwayi wopeza ntchito za boma ndi chilungamo, ndizinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamalidwe komanso asamalidwe ku Spain.
Zopereka Zachikhalidwe za Gypsies ku Spain
A Gypsies ku Spain ali ndi zopereka zazikulu komanso zosiyanasiyana zachikhalidwe zomwe zagawidwa ndikuyamikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Chikhalidwe cha Gypsy ndi njira yofotokozera yomwe ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso miyambo. Ma Gypsy amadziwika chifukwa cha nyimbo, kuvina, moyo, miyambo ndi luso lawo.
Nyimbo za Gypsy ndizodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zimatengedwa ngati mwala wa chikhalidwe cha ku Spain. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kamvekedwe kake kosangalatsa komanso mayendedwe oyenda. Nyimbo za Gypsy ndi zamphamvu kwambiri ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya nyimbo, monga flamenco ndi salsa.
Kuvina kwa Gypsy ndi gawo lina lofunikira la chikhalidwe cha gypsy. Ma Gypsy amadziwika chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka madzimadzi komanso kumveka bwino. Mavinidwe a Gypsy amamveketsa bwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza nkhani kapena kufotokoza zakukhosi. Zina mwa zovina zodziwika bwino ndi flamenco ndi rumba.
A Gypsy amadziwikanso ndi moyo wawo komanso chikhalidwe chawo. Amadziwika kuti ndi ochereza komanso okonda mabanja awo. Anthu amtundu wa Gypsy amakonda kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yawo ndipo amaika ulemu ndi kukhulupirika kukhala zofunika kwambiri.
Zojambula za Gypsy ndizolemera kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo zojambulajambula monga kujambula, ziboliboli ndi nyimbo. Ma Gypsy amadziwika chifukwa cha luso lawo lazojambula komanso luso lawo. Zojambula za Gypsy ndizowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino ndipo zimatha kuwoneka m'misewu, m'malesitilanti ndi m'mabwalo aku Spain.
Chifukwa chake, a Gypsies ku Spain ali ndi zopereka zazikulu komanso zosiyanasiyana. Nyimbo, kuvina, njira ya moyoSpain yayesetsa kwambiri kukonza mkhalidwe wa a Gypsies, omwe kale anali osalidwa komanso osalidwa. Mu 2007, boma la Spain lidatengera ndondomeko ya dziko lolimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu a ku Gypsy. Dongosololi linapangidwa kuti lilimbikitse kuphatikizika kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma kwa a Gypsies, komanso kuwongolera moyo wawo.
Dongosolo la dziko lolimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu a ku Gypsies limaphatikizapo njira zolimbikitsira kupeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi thanzi kwa a Gypsies, komanso kulimbana ndi tsankho ndi kusalidwa komwe iwo akuzunzidwa. Zimaphatikizansopo njira zolimbikitsira kutenga nawo gawo kwa ma Gypsies m'gulu la anthu komanso kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza kwawo pamsika wantchito.
Kuphatikiza pa dongosololi, boma la Spain lapanga mapulogalamu angapo omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza moyo wa a Gypsies. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya "Pact for Integration of Gypsies" ikufuna kulimbikitsa mwayi wopeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi thanzi kwa anthu amtundu wa Gypsies, komanso kuthana ndi tsankho komanso kusalidwa kwa anthu omwe amazunzidwa.
Boma la Spain lakhazikitsanso njira zolimbikitsira ntchito kwa a Gypsies. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya "Spain of Possibilities" idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2008 kuti apereke thandizo landalama kwa makampani achinsinsi kuti azilemba ganyu ma Gypsies. Kuonjezera apo, boma la Spain lakhazikitsa maphunziro a ntchito zamanja ndi maphunziro a ma Gypsies kuti awapatse zida zomwe akufunikira kuti apeze ntchito.
Dziko la Spain lakhazikitsanso mapologalamu olimbikitsa anthu a ku Gypsies kuti azitha kupeza ntchito zaboma monga madzi, magetsi ndi gasi. Boma la Spain lakhazikitsanso mapulogalamu olimbikitsa mwayi kwa a Gypsies ku maphunziro ndi thanzi.
Pomaliza, boma la Spain lakhazikitsa mapulogalamu omwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu achigypsy komanso kuthana ndi tsankho komanso tsankho. Mapulogalamuwa amayang'ana makamaka kulimbikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kulimbikitsa kufotokozera zikhalidwe zachigypsy.
Zoyesayesa za boma la Spain pofuna kukonza mkhalidwe wa ma Gypsy zalandiridwa ndi gulu la Gypsy. Komabe, pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitidwe kukonza mkhalidwe wa a Gypsies ku Spain ndikuwathandiza kuti apindule mokwanira ndi ufulu womwewo monga nzika zina za ku Spain., Miyambo ndi luso la a Gypsies ndizokhudzidwa kwambiri komanso zimayamikiridwa ponseponse. dziko. Ma Gypsy amadziwika chifukwa cha kuchereza kwawo alendo, kukhala ndi banja, ulemu ndi kukhulupirika. Zojambula za Gypsy ndizokongola komanso zofotokozera. Choncho zikuwonekeratu kuti a Gypsies ku Spain ali ndi zopereka zazikulu komanso zosiyanasiyana za chikhalidwe zomwe zimayenera kuzindikiridwa ndi kulemekezedwa.
Zoyesayesa zaku Spain zowongolera mkhalidwe wa ma Gypsy
Dziko la Spain lachita khama kwambiri kuti lithandize anthu a ku Gypsies, omwe poyamba ankasalidwa komanso kusalidwa. Mu 2007, boma la Spain lidatengera ndondomeko ya dziko lolimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu a ku Gypsy. Dongosololi linapangidwa kuti lilimbikitse kuphatikizika kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma kwa a Gypsies, komanso kuwongolera moyo wawo.
Dongosolo la dziko lolimbikitsa ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu a ku Gypsies limaphatikizapo njira zolimbikitsira kupeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi thanzi kwa a Gypsies, komanso kulimbana ndi tsankho ndi kusalidwa komwe iwo akuzunzidwa. Zimaphatikizansopo njira zolimbikitsira kutenga nawo gawo kwa ma Gypsies m'gulu la anthu komanso kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza kwawo pamsika wantchito.
Kuphatikiza pa dongosololi, boma la Spain lapanga mapulogalamu angapo omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza moyo wa a Gypsies. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya "Pact for Integration of Gypsies" ikufuna kulimbikitsa mwayi wopeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi thanzi kwa anthu amtundu wa Gypsies, komanso kuthana ndi tsankho komanso kusalidwa kwa anthu omwe amazunzidwa.
Boma la Spain lakhazikitsanso njira zolimbikitsira ntchito kwa a Gypsies. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya "Spain of Possibilities" idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2008 kuti apereke thandizo landalama kwa makampani achinsinsi kuti azilemba ganyu ma Gypsies. Kuonjezera apo, boma la Spain lakhazikitsa maphunziro a ntchito zamanja ndi maphunziro a ma Gypsies kuti awapatse zida zomwe akufunikira kuti apeze ntchito.
Spain ilinso ndi mapulogalamu omwe amapangidwa kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wa ma Gypsy ku ntchito zaboma, monga madzi, magetsi ndi gasi. Boma la Spain lakhazikitsanso mapulogalamu olimbikitsa mwayi kwa a Gypsies ku maphunziro ndi thanzi.
Pomaliza, boma la Spain lakhazikitsa mapulogalamu omwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu achigypsy komanso kuthana ndi tsankho komanso tsankho. Mapulogalamuwa amayang'ana makamaka kulimbikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kulimbikitsa kufotokozera zikhalidwe zachigypsy.
Zoyesayesa za boma la Spain pofuna kukonza mkhalidwe wa ma Gypsy zalandiridwa ndi gulu la Gypsy. Komabe, padakali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitidwe kukonza mkhalidwe wa anthu a ku Gypsies ku Spain ndi kuwathandiza kuti apindule mokwanira ndi ufulu wofanana ndi nzika zina za ku Spain.
Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha Gypsies ku Spain
A Gypsy ku Spain adutsa zaka mazana ambiri a kuponderezedwa ndi kupanda chilungamo. Masiku ano, zinthu zikusintha. Khama la boma la Spain lofuna kuwongolera moyo wawo likubala zipatso. Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha ma Gypsies ku Spain ndi abwino.
Anthu ambiri achigypsy ku Spain amakhala m’mikhalidwe yoopsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amachitiridwa tsankho. Komabe, boma la Spain posachedwapa lakhazikitsa njira zingapo pofuna kuwongolera moyo wawo. Ntchitozi zikuphatikizapo maphunziro, nyumba ndi thanzi labwino, komanso kuteteza kwambiri kutsankho.
Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la anthu achi gypsy aku Spain amasangalala ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mabungwe angapo omwe si aboma. Mabungwewa amayesetsa kukonza moyo wawo powapatsa ntchito zamalamulo, zamankhwala ndi zina. Mabungwewa akugwiranso ntchito polimbana ndi malingaliro oyipa ozungulira gulu la gypsy.
Kuphatikiza apo, boma la Spain posachedwapa lakhazikitsa njira zolimbikitsira chikhalidwe cha gypsy ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pagulu komanso ndale. Njirazi zikuphatikizapo kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa ntchito kwa a Gypsies ndi kampeni yodziwitsa anthu omwe ali ndi cholinga chothana ndi tsankho.
Pomaliza, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pankhani ya ufulu wandale wa ma Gypsies ku Spain. Mu 2011, boma la Spain lidapereka lamulo lomwe limavomereza mtundu wa Gypsies ndikuwapatsa ufulu wochita nawo zisankho. Lamuloli linali gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa ma Gypsies ku Spain.
Pomaliza, chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha Gypsies ku Spain ndichabwino. Boma la Spain lakhazikitsa njira zolimbikitsa moyo wawo komanso kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chawo. Komanso, apeza ufulu wandale ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pazandale komanso pagulu. Ndi miyeso iyi, a Gypsies ku Spain adzatha kuyembekezera moyo wabwino komanso kuzindikira kwambiri chikhalidwe chawo.