🎵 2022-03-11 11:00:12 - Paris/France.
Theodor Adorno adayenera kumvera chisoni Alban Berg usiku wa Disembala 14, 1925, pambuyo pa chiwonetsero choyamba cha "Wozzeck" ku Berlin State Opera.
Vuto silinali kuti opera yoyamba ya Berg inali yowopsa, kuti wophunzira wosadziwika wa Arnold Schoenberg anali pafupi kubwezeredwa ku malo ake osadziwika komanso masautso aakulu.
Vuto la Berg linali loti ntchito yake yoimba nyimbo ndi yandale - yochokera ku chidutswa cha Georg Büchner chomwe adachiwona mu 1914 ndipo nthawi yomweyo anaganiza zoimba nyimbo - anali kupambana kotero kuti anayamba kukayikira phindu lenileni la ntchitoyo. Pambuyo pake Adorno adakumbukira "kumutonthoza kwenikweni chifukwa cha kupambana kwake".
"Wozzeck" yopambana yakhalabe zaka 100 kuchokera pamene Berg adamaliza kukonzanso zolembazo pa July 16, 1922. Opera yowopsya kwambiri ya nthawi yake, yomwe ikumvekabe modabwitsa masiku ano m'zaka zake za zana, yakhala imodzi mwa ma opera otchuka kwambiri. zaka za zana la 20, komanso ntchito monga "Salomé" yolemba Strauss ndi "Pelleas et Mélisande" yolemba Debussy.
Ndi mawonekedwe ake amakanema, osintha mawonekedwe a kanema komanso chidwi cha omnivorous stylistic, osatchulapo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kanthawi kochepa komanso kowononga kwanthawi yayitali pakati pa mapangidwe ake enieni, munthu angatsutse mosavuta kuti "Wozzeck" yakhala, Zoonadi, zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zonse.
Pa nthawi yoyenera, zisudzo zingapo zimabwera kudzakondwerera opera yomwe ingakhale yoyipa kwambiri kuti isasangalale. Chiwonetsero cha William Kentridge chomwe chidachitika ku Met mu 2019 chikuyenda mpaka Marichi 30 ku Paris Opera, ndi conductor Susanna Malkki pa helm, asanafike ku Barcelona mu Meyi, Matthias Goerne ngati Wozzeck wake. Kupanga kwatsopano kwa Simon Stone wokhala ndi baritone Christian Gerhaher paudindo waudindo kumatsegulidwa ku Vienna State Opera pa Marichi 21. Ndipo Lachiwiri, Andris Nelsons ndi Boston Symphony Orchestra anapereka konsati ku Carnegie Hall, ndi Christine Goerke monga Marie.
Chimodzi mwa mphamvu zazikulu za "Wozzeck" zimachokera ku chiwembu chake. M'zithunzi 15 zazifupi, Berg akufotokoza za kuwonongeka ndi kuzimiririka kwa Wozzeck, msilikali wosauka yemwe anazunzidwa ndi woyendetsa wake, yemwe adayesedwa ndi dokotala, ndipo adakhumudwa chifukwa chokayikira kuti mnzake, Marie, ndi wosakhulupirika kwa woimba ng'oma. Atachita misala, Wozzeck amapha Marie, kenako kumizidwa. Nsaluyo ikugwera pa mwana wawo amene akukwera pahatchi yankhondo. Sitikudziwa ngati angapulumuke tsogolo la makolo ake - komanso mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimalemera kwambiri pa zomwe Wozzeck amachitcha "ife, osauka" -.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chingafotokoze mphamvu yokhazikika ya opera ya Berg? Nanga chisonkhezero chake chenicheni chinali chotani? Nazi ndemanga zosinthidwa kuchokera ku zokambirana ndi ojambula omwe amasamala za ntchitoyi.
Yuval Sharon, wotsogolera
"Wozzeck" inali sewero loyamba lomwe linandipangitsa kukhulupirira kuti opera inali luso lazojambula. Ndi nyimbo zazikuluzikulu izi za miyoyo ya anthu osauka kwenikweni. Kuganiza kuti opera imatha kunena nkhani zomwe sizinali nkhani zamwayi chabe, koma zimayimiranso malingaliro ena, ndikuchita izi ndi malingaliro odabwitsa, zidatsegula mwayi wa zomwe opera ingakhalebe.
Ndi imodzi mwa zisudzo zachifundo kwambiri zomwe ndikuzidziwa. Ichi si chitsanzo cha Beethoven. Simalankhula ndi khalidwe lofuna kuti ena a ife kuganiza kuti nyimbo amajambula bwino kwambiri. Palibe chipulumutso mu seweroli, ndipo ndicho ndendende chomwe chiri champhamvu komanso chofulumira pa izo. Sizidzakhala nyanga zomwe zidzalengeza kugonjetsa mozizwitsa kwa nkhanza, monga "Fidelio". Tidzakhala ife, pagulu, omwe tidzayenera kuteteza Wozzeck.
Christian Gerhaher, baritone
Büchner anali wamkulu kwambiri kuposa Karl Marx m'malingaliro ake, koma anali ofanana. Büchner sanali woyambitsa chikomyunizimu, koma ananena moona mtima mavuto amene anthu osauka amakumana nawo popanga moyo wabwino. Ndizokhudza, popanda kukhala ndi malingaliro.
Muli ndi ntchito yokhudzana ndi nkhani yoyipa. Zomwe zikuchitika ndi zoyipa, koma chofunikira ngati woyimba komanso mwa omvera ndikuti mumakhala ndi chisangalalo chodabwitsa chowona malingaliro akuyikidwa m'mawu ndi nyimbo mwatsatanetsatane. Mosakayikira ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri la zaka za zana la XNUMX. Palibe chokongoletsa; palibe chonyozeka; kamvekedwe kalikonse ndi kofunikira; mawu aliwonse ndi ofunika. Ndicho chiyambi cha dziko lofulumira, lomwe ndi lamakono.
Brett Dean, wolemba nyimbo
Zomwe zimandikhudza nthawi zonse za "Wozzeck" ndikuti ngakhale zidachokera kumagulu odzaza malingaliro omwe anali osinthika m'mbiri ya nyimbo, Berg ndi amene adakwatirana ndi kudzipereka, adakwatira mutu ndi mtima. - kapena m'mimba.
Ngakhale kuti maphunziro anali ovuta kwambiri ndi Schoenberg, anazindikira kuti ayenera kupita kumene anayenera kupita. Mfundo yakuti, mwachitsanzo, poyang'ana kumapeto kumapeto kwake, amabwereranso ku chithunzi choyamba cha piyano mu D wamng'ono, ndikuzindikira kuti izi ndi zomwe tikufuna, pano, tsopano. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a chilankhulo chamakono komanso chofotokozera, amatha, okonzeka komanso okondwa kulandira chilichonse chomwe angafune nthawi iliyonse.
Susanna Malkki, conductor
Anthu amati ndizovuta bwanji, ndipo sizolakwika kwenikweni, koma ndikuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowuma kwambiri, zolemera, komanso zakuya. Muli ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosangalatsa nthawi iliyonse mukamva. Ine ndekha ndidadabwa, kuyambira pomwe ndidapeza zigoli ndikuyamba kuziwerenga, kuchuluka kwa kutentha, kukongola komanso nthabwala komwe kunalipo. Chipindacho ndi changwiro kwambiri.
Berg ndi wanzeru kwambiri, inde. Koma pamene nkhaniyo imakhala yochuluka mu chisoni chake chakumapeto, iye amapangitsa kuti nyimbo zikhale zosavuta, zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi womva ululu, ndi tsogolo, ndi zonsezo. Amatipatsa nthawi yoti tigaye chilichonse, kenako kumenya komaliza kumabwera. Ndi mwamtheradi basi zoipa.
David T. Little, wolemba nyimbo
Chinali gawo loyamba lomwe ndidakumana nalo lomwe ndidamva kuti ndimayang'ana mbali zovuta kwambiri za moyo, osayang'ana kumbali. Nthaŵi zonse ndinkakopeka ndi lingaliro la opera, koma kuwonera Mozart ndi Verdi ndinamva ngati ndikuchita ndi anthu omwe sanali anthu enieni, makamaka osati kwa ine, ndi zakale. Nditayamba kuwona "Wozzeck" anali anthu wamba akulimbana ndi zinthu zodabwitsa, ndipo pankhani ya Wozzeck, dziko lomwe limalemera kwambiri pamunthu uyu.
Ndikukumbukira ndikugwedezeka ndi crescendo yayikulu ya B unison chakumapeto, ndikungomva kuti sikuthawika. Sindikuganiza kuti ndizongochitika mwangozi kuti crescendo ya mphindi 12 kumapeto kwa opera yanga "Masiku a Agalu" ndi gawo la B-flat; ndi msonkho kapena kutchulidwa kwa mphindi ino. Pali moyo patsogolo pa chidutswa ichi ndi moyo pambuyo pake.
Matthias Goerne, baritone
Zomwe Berg adachita ndi sewero la Büchner, ndikuganiza kuti ndiye sewero labwino kwambiri lomwe tili nalo, malinga ndi nkhani, otchulidwa. Aliyense ali woyenera mukhalidwe lake ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumapeza kuti ndi munthu wamtundu wanji komanso momwe amalumikizirana ndi wina aliyense.
Muli ndi magawo awiri osiyana. Muli ndi underdog yokhumudwitsa kwambiri, Wozzeck, yemwe ali mu ukapolo uno. Nthawi zonse amafunikira ndalama. Angaganize kuti chinachake chalakwika muubwenzi wake. Iye akuyamba kupenga kwambiri. Kumbali ina, ndi nkhani yachikondi yomvetsa chisoni. Iye amakhala wakupha. Mumamumvera chisoni, mumamumvera kanthu, koma pamapeto pake amapha munthu.
Christine Goerke, soprano
Ndimaona kuti Marie ndi munthu wovuta komanso wotsutsana. Monga ambiri a ife pakali pano, iye akuyesera kupeza chisangalalo m’zinthu zosavuta m’dziko limene likuwoneka ngati lopanda chidwi. Alibe zambiri, choncho amayesetsa kuchita zonse zomwe angathe ndi zomwe ali nazo. Amajambula nthawi ya chisangalalo chake, kenako amadziimba mlandu pambuyo pake. Amaona kuti ayenera kuchita bwino, ayenera kukhala bwino, azikhala wokhutira ndi zomwe ali nazo, ndipo ngati angakwanitse kutero, mwina zingamuthandize kupeŵa chiweruzo. Iye ndi mayi yemwe amavutika kuti asunge mbiri yake ngati mkazi. Ndinali mkazi uja. Malinga ndi tsiku, ndine mkazi ameneyo.
Franz Welser-Möst, wotsogolera
Zomwe Alban Berg adachita kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yovuta komanso yolimbikitsa kwambiri - ndikuganiza mpaka lero anthu amachita chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhaniyi, makamaka kumapeto. Nthawi zonse timakhala ndi chifundo chachikulu ndi ana, ndipo mnyamatayo akatuluka ndikuimba "Hopp, hop! ndiye mfundo yomaliza, ngati muli ndi malingaliro aumunthu, mukayamba kulira mu opera iyi.
Schoenberg, polemba nyimbo zamtundu wa 12, sanaphwanye malamulo omwe adakhazikitsa. Berg anachita izo, chifukwa Berg anali katswiri wa zisudzo kotero kuti amadziwa, monga Mozart, kuti nthawi zina muyenera kuswa malamulo kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zambiri.
Missy Mazzoli, wolemba nyimbo
Inali opera yoyamba yomwe ndidawonera, ku Met mu 1999, ndili ndi zaka 18. Zinanditsitsimutsa ku lingaliro limeneli limene tsopano ndimaliwona kukhala limodzi la mphamvu zamphamvu za opera, limene likutisonyeza mbali zakuda za chibadwa cha munthu. M'mphindi 90 zimenezo, ndidakhala ndi chidziwitso chozindikira mbali yanga yakuda ndikudzilola kupita chifukwa ndinali m'malo otetezedwa a velvet.
Penapake ndikudabwa kuti sizili choncho Chotsatira wamphamvu. Ndikanakonda opera kuti ipitirire panjira yoyesera iyi. "Wozzeck" sanali wachilendo; zinkakondweretsedwa ndi kuchitidwa paliponse. Berg anakhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anali ndi mwayi wotsutsidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi. Tsopano opera yatha - makamaka; pali zosiyana zambiri - m'malo otetezeka komanso okoma kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa ine ndikukhumba kuti tibwezeretse mphamvu ya "zowonongeka" zaluso.
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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