✔️ 2022-03-28 20:00:19 - Paris/France.
Kutha kuloza malo omwe muli kulikonse padziko lapansi ndi njira yaukadaulo yothandiza. Koma pamene kutsatira sikuchitidwa ndi inu, koma kutsanulira inu—popanda kudziwa kapena kuvomereza—uku ndi kuphwanya zinsinsi zanu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ife ku EFF takhala tikulimbana ndi kuwunika kwa ukonde, kutsatira zida zam'manja, komanso kutsatira GPS popanda chilolezo.
Masabata angapo apitawa, wotsatira wa EFF adatengera galimoto yake kwa makaniko ndipo adapeza chipangizo chodabwitsa chomwe chidalumikizidwa mgalimoto yake pansi pampando woyendetsa. Wothandizira uyu, yemwe tidzamutcha Sarah (dzina lachinyengo), adatitumizira imelo kutifunsa ngati tingadziwe ngati chipangizochi chinali GPS tracker, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndani akanachiyika. Poyang'anizana ndi chinsinsi chomwe chingatithandizenso kuphunzira zambiri za kutsatira, gulu lathu lidayamba kugwira ntchito.
Sarah adatitumizira zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za chipangizocho. Linali bokosi lakuda ndi imvi, pafupifupi mainchesi anayi kutalika, ndi mawaya 6 otuluka mbali imodzi. Kumbali imodzi, mawu akuti “MPHAMVU IYI PASI” anasindikizidwa m’zilembo zotsatizana, pamodzi ndi manambala atatu otsatizanatsatizana.
Choyamba, tinkafuna kutsimikizira kuti chinalidi chipangizo cha GPS. Tinayamba ndikuyang'ana ID ya FCC ya chipangizocho mu database ya FCC. Chida chilichonse chokhala ndi chowulutsira wailesi kapena cholandirira chiyenera kukhala ndi ID ya FCC. Ndi ID iyi, mutha kupeza zolemba, zithunzi, ngakhalenso ziganizo zamkati pazida zilizonse zowunikiridwa ndi FCC.
Kafukufuku wa FCC adatsimikizira kuti chipangizochi chinali GPS tracker yogulitsidwa pansi pa mtundu wa "Apollo" ndikupangidwa ndi kampani yotchedwa M-Labs. Malinga ndi bukuli, Apollo imatha kuyang'anira komwe galimoto ili ndikutumiza malo ku seva kudzera pa intaneti. Bukuli linanenanso kuti Apollo anali ndi mtundu wapadera wa doko kuti alankhule ndi chipangizocho, chotchedwa UART serial port. Pogwiritsa ntchito dokoli, tikhoza kuyanjana ndi chipangizochi kuti tidziwe zambiri za icho.
Kufufuza mwachangu pa intaneti kunawonetsanso kuti anthu angapo ku US apeza zida izi m'magalimoto awo. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti ma tracker a GPS adayikidwa ndi ogulitsa kuti awabweze kapena makampani obwereketsa magalimoto kuti azitsata zombo.
Tinamuuza Sarah zomwe tapeza ndikuvomereza kuti ndi mwayi wopita ku GPS tracker titha kudziwa kuti idayikidwa liti, ndiye adayiyika ndani. Ngati idayikidwa pamene adagula galimotoyo, kapena kale, ikadayikidwa ndi wogulitsa. Ngati idakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa tsikulo, ndizotheka kuti Sarah anali ndi wotsatira yemwe adayika chipangizocho. Chipangizocho chinatumizidwa pa imelo n’kutumizidwa ku maofesi athu.
Patapita masiku angapo tinalandira Apollo ndipo tinayamba ntchito. Chinthu choyamba chinali kuchotsa mlanduwo ndikupeza mwayi wopita kuzinthu zamkati. Tinkafuna kupeza zolumikizira za UART, zomwe zingatipatse mwayi wopeza zidziwitso kuchokera ku modemu yam'manja ya Apollo.
Nthawi zambiri, UART imabwera mndandanda wa mapini anayi, kapena mabowo anayi motsatana, koma bolodi ilibe zinthu zotere. Titayang'anitsitsa, tidawona kuti panali zolembera zazing'ono zolembedwa ART1, RX, ndi TX. Tinaganiza zoyambira pamenepo.
Tiyeni tibwerere mmbuyo ndikukambirana chifukwa chake kupeza doko la UART kunali kofunika kwambiri. UART imayimira Universal Asynchronous Receiver ndi Transmitter. Ndi hardware ndi protocol. Protocol ya UART imakulolani kuti mulandire zowonjezera ndi zotuluka pa mawaya amkuwa wamba potumiza ndi kulandira ma bits amodzi panthawi imodzi, ophatikizidwa ndi magetsi apamwamba kapena otsika (mawu aukadaulo awa ndi "serial bus".) Mawonekedwe a hardware nthawi zambiri amakhala 4 kugwirizana: magetsi, nthaka, kulandira (rx) ndi kutumiza (tx). Mwachidule, kulumikizana kwa UART kumakupatsani mwayi wolumikizana ndi zida ngati muli ndi kiyibodi yolumikizidwa mwachindunji ndikuwunika.
Kuti tigwirizane ndi basi ya UART pa chipangizo cha GPS, tidagwiritsa ntchito chida chaching'ono chosangalatsa chotchedwa "Bus Pirate". Bus Pirate imakulolani kuti mulumikizane ndi ma hardware osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo UART, ndi kuwasandutsa mawonekedwe a USB omwe mungathe kulumikiza ndi kompyuta yanu.
Tidalumikiza Bus Pirate ku kompyuta ndikusunga mosamala ma probe ake amawaya motsutsana ndi malo olumikizirana olembedwa RX ndi TX pa bolodi, ndikukonza Bus Pirate kuti ilumikizane kudzera pa UART. Wobera basiyo adakhalanso ndi moyo ndipo adabweza zotsatirazi:
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Sichinali china koma kupusa. Tinaganiza zoyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yosiyana ya baud, ndiko kuti, mlingo umene zizindikiro zimafalitsidwa mu mauthenga a pakompyuta. Pomalizira pake tinapeza kuti mlingo wa baud wa 115 unali wofunikira kuti tipeze kulankhulana kosasinthasintha kuchokera ku chipangizocho.
Pakati pa mizere ya gibberish zambiri, tawona zolemba zowerengeka zikuwonekera:
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Firmware: 2.4.3; BIN: 1.1.95T; Chithunzi cha A100005B46F154
IP: 10.90.1.52:3078; Malo: 3078
IR: 0,0,0; DTE:0,0,0,0,0,0; DI:0; HB: 0; NR: 2940,0,0; Mtengo: 0,900
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Menyani! Pomalizira pake tinapeza deta kuchokera ku chipangizo cha GPS, koma n'chifukwa chiyani chinali chozunguliridwa ndi deta yopanda pake? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, tiyenera kuwonanso momwe UART imagwirira ntchito. Popeza UART imangoyesa kusiyana kwa ma voltage pa zikhomo za RX ndi TX, chilichonse chomwe chimasokoneza ma voltageswa chimasintha zomwe zimatuluka. Pamenepa, dzanja la membala wa gulu la EFF linali litagwira pini ya Bus Pirate pa cholumikizira cholumikizira cha chipangizo cha GPS, zomwe zidapangitsa kusokoneza kwina, komwe kumatanthauziridwa ngati chidziwitso chochokera ku chipangizocho.
Kenako tidagulitsa waya wa RX ndi TX mwachindunji ku bolodi la GPS ndikulumikiza ku Bus Pirate. Nditayatsanso gawo la GPS, zomwe zidatuluka zidatuluka bwino!
Firmware: 2.4.3; BIN: 1.1.95T; Chithunzi cha A100005B46F154
IP: 10.90.1.52:3078; Malo: 3078
IR: 0,0,0; DTE:0,0,0,0,0,0; DI:0; HB: 0; NR: 2940,0,0;
Tsopano popeza tinali ndi cholumikizira, tidatha kulumikizana ndi modemu yam'manja ya Apollo polemba zomwe zimatchedwa "AT commands". Malamulo a AT ndi njira yomwe anthu ndi makina angagwirizanitse ndi modemu yam'manja. Amatchedwa malamulo a AT chifukwa ponseponse amayamba ndi zilembo "AT". Mwachitsanzo: lamulo "ATD" limakupatsani mwayi woyimba nambala, ndipo lamulo "ATA" limayankha foni yomwe ikubwera.
Tinalowa lamulo lofunikira la AT kuti tiwone ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino ndipo sitinabweze chilichonse. Tinayesa malamulo ena angapo a AT ndipo komabe palibe. Tinkayembekeza kuti titha kupeza nambala yolakwika, koma cholozera chinali pamenepo, chikuthwanima ngati galu woleza mtima, osamvetsetsa zomwe timanena.
Pambuyo pa maola angapo akutukwana, kuwerenga zikalata, kugubuduza mitu yathu kukhoma ndikudzipangira tokha, tinapeza vuto: sitinalumikizane ndi pini yapansi. Kulumikizana kwa UART sikunali kokwanira. Malamulo athu otayidwa bwino a AT sanatumizidwe ku chipangizo chodikirira cha GPS. Osafuna kutulutsanso chitsulo chosungunula, tinayika mosamala waya pansi kuchokera ku Bus Pirate pa ndege yapansi ya chipangizo cha GPS. Zinathandiza! Tinatha kutumiza malamulo a AT ndikupeza deta.
Firmware: 2.4.3; BIN: 1.1.95T; Chithunzi cha A100005B46F154
IP: 10.90.1.52:3078; Malo: 3078
IR: 0,0,0; DTE:0,0,0,0,0,0; DI:0; HB: 0; NR: 2940,0,0; Mtengo: 0,90000,0
Okonzeka
Mtengo wa ATZONRS
Cholakwika
ATZ
Chabwino
AT+IONRS
Cholakwika
AT+IONRS?
Cholakwika
PA+IONVO
Cholakwika
AT+IONVO?
17569
Buku la Apollo limatchula malamulo angapo apadera a AT kuti atengenso deta. Nthawi zina, chipangizochi chimapanga lipoti la zochitika zake, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya malo ake. Lipotili ndi lomwenso limatumizidwa kwa mwiniwake wa GPS tracker. Tinkayembekeza kuti lipotilo likhalanso ndi chidziwitso cha nthawi komanso komwe Apollo adayatsidwa koyamba.
Tinayesa malamulo osiyanasiyana kwa maola angapo, kuyesa kupeza lipoti kuchokera ku chipangizo cha GPS. Zoyesayesa zathu zonse zalephera. Zolemba za chipangizocho zinali kusowa kwambiri. Tinalembera M-Labs, kampani yopanga zinthu, tikuyembekeza kuti atitumizira buku labwinoko, koma sitinamvepo. Pamapeto pake, tinayesa lamulo lomwe lingatiuze kuchuluka kwa mailosi pa "virtual odometer" ya chipangizocho. Yankho: 17569, mwachiwonekere chiwerengero cha makilomita oyenda ndi chipangizo ichi.
Tsopano tinali kupita kwinakwake. Ngati wothandizira wathu Sarah adayendetsa galimotoyi mochepera makilomita 17, tingakhale otsimikiza kuti idayikidwa asanatenge galimotoyo.
Tinaimbira foni Sarah ndi kumuuza nkhaniyo. Tinafunsa kuti galimoto inali mailosi angati? Tsoka ilo, Sarah anali atachita mtunda wa makilomita 29 ndi galimoto kuchokera pamene adagula, ndipo adagula chatsopano, ndi makilomita osachepera 000. Izi zitha kuwoneka kuti zimabweretsa malingaliro osokoneza: kodi wothandizira wathu angakhale ndi stalker?
Kupeza kwathu kwa odometer sikunali kotsimikizika, komabe. Poganizira zolemba zochepa, sitinathe kutsimikiza kuti odometeryo inali yolondola bwanji, kapena momwe idagwirira ntchito. Panalinso mwayi woti chipangizocho chikanatha kukhazikitsidwa nthawi ina. Tidzafuna zambiri kuti tipeze yankho lomveka bwino la chinsinsi ichi.
Tinayesanso kufalitsa lipotilo. Patapita masiku angapo ndi mawu otukwana mazana angapo pambuyo pake, sitinapezebe njira yopezera GPS kuti isindikize lipoti lomwe linalonjeza. Tinayamba kukhulupirira kuti lipotilo lidzakhala ndi mayankho onse omwe tinkafuna - mwinamwake ngakhale mayankho a moyo, chilengedwe ndi chirichonse. Tidayesa lamulo lililonse ndi chinyengo chilichonse chomwe tidatha kuchiganizira. Poyang'anizana ndi zovuta, tinaganiza kuti inali nthawi yoti titenge njira yaukadaulo yotsika.
Sarah adati atangopeza chipangizocho, adafunsa wogulitsa ngati adayikapo zida za GPS m'magalimoto omwe adagulitsa. Ogwira ntchito zamalonda adalumbira kuti sanachitepo zimenezi. Ngakhale sitingadziŵe motsimikiza ngati izi zinali zoona, anali makaniko pa malo ogulitsawa amene anapeza chipangizocho poyamba, kotero tidakonda kuwakhulupirira.
Sarah adanenanso kuti galimotoyo idasamutsidwa kuchokera ku kampani ina ya Audi ku Orange County, California pamene adagula. Kodi iwo angakhale olakwa? Tinaimbira foni malo oyamba n’kuwafunsa ngati amadziŵa za hardware imeneyi kapena ngati anaika zipangizo za GPS m’magalimoto a makasitomala awo. Wogulitsayo anatiuza kuti ankagwira ntchito ndi kampani yotchedwa Sky Link kuti akhazikitse zipangizo zothana ndi kuba, koma amangozitsegula ngati wogulayo alipira ntchitoyo. Kodi ichi chingakhale kufotokoza ...
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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