📱 2022-03-12 13:00:52 - Paris/France.
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Kugwiritsa ntchito ma FPGA kubwereza machitidwe owongolera masewera a kanema zachikale zakhala zikukula kwazaka zingapo tsopano, koma mapulojekitiwa amasiyana bwanji ndi kutsanzira kokhazikika kwa mapulogalamu? Ndipo kodi mtengo wolowera wapamwamba ndi woyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri?
Kodi FPGA imatanthauza chiyani?
FPGA imayimira gawo lokonzekera zipata, mtundu wagawo lophatikizika lomwe lingathe kukonzedwanso pambuyo popanga. Mosiyana ndi chip chapakompyuta chachikhalidwe, ma FPGA amagwiritsa ntchito midadada yosinthika ndi zolumikizira zomwe zitha kukonzedwanso kuti zikwaniritse zolinga zosiyanasiyana.
Kwenikweni, FPGA imatha kukonzedwanso kuti igwire ntchito ngati mtundu uliwonse wa digito. Izi zitha kuchitika mobwerezabwereza ndikungoyika kasinthidwe katsopano mu RAM kutengera mtundu wina wa chip. Ngakhale ma FPGA akale amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zozungulira, atsopano m'malo mwake amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ozikidwa pamalemba pofotokoza machitidwe.
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Tchipisi izi zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pakuthamangitsa AI komanso kuphunzira pamakina. Microsoft idagwirizana ndi Intel kukonza kusaka kwa Bing pogwiritsa ntchito banja la Intel's Arria la FPGAs. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opangira ma siginecha ndi zithunzi ndipo amatenga gawo lapadera pothandizira opanga kutsimikizira malingaliro kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko.
Popeza ma FPGA amatha kukonzedwanso kuti azikhala ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabwalo mobwerezabwereza, ndi abwino kutsanzira zida zamasewera a kanema. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito emulator mu mapulogalamu, ma FPGA amatsanzira makina osiyanasiyana apakompyuta. masewera a kanema pa mlingo wa hardware.
KUCHITA: Kodi Kuphunzira Pamakina ndi Chiyani?
Kodi kutsanzira kachitidwe ka FPGA kumagwira ntchito bwanji?
Kutsanzira kwa FPGA kumafuna kuti wina alembe "kernel" ya Hardware yomwe imafanizira machitidwe a zida zoyambira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira kubweza uinjiniya wa zida zoyambira komanso "kuwotcha" komwe chivundikiro chotchinga chotchinga chotenthetsera chimachotsedwa kuti chiwulule kufa mkati.
Izi zimalola kuwunika kowoneka kwa IC kuti ithandizire kupanga maziko a FPGA. Njira yovutayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga sulfuric acid ndi acetone, kutentha, kupuma komanso kuleza mtima kwakukulu. Zithunzi zolozera zimatengedwa ndipo ma cores amalembedwa muchilankhulo chofotokozera za Hardware (HDL) chomwe chingatanthauzidwe ndi FPGA.
Njira yophunzirira, kusintha uinjiniya, ndikulemba maziko a FPGA kumatha kutenga miyezi komanso kudzipereka kwambiri. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ambiri mwa ma coreswa amaperekedwa kwaulere pofuna kuteteza hardware. Ma Cores nthawi zambiri amamasulidwa mumtundu wa beta kuti athe kuwongolera komanso chitukuko chitha zaka zambiri.
Ngakhale kutengera zida zoyambirira, kutsanzira kwa FPGA kumakhalabe kolakwika, monga kutsanzira mapulogalamu. Ma Cores amasinthidwa pafupipafupi pomwe kukonza kwatsopano ndikusintha kumakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa kutsanzira kwabwino kwa hardware.
Ubwino wa FPGA ndi chiyani?
FPGA Hardware emulation ndiye chinthu chapafupi kwambiri kusewera pa stock system, chifukwa chake imapereka chidziwitso chenicheni. Izi zitha kuphatikiza ma quirks omwe analipo pazida zoyambira, poganiza kuti kernel imapereka chithunzi cha 1: 1 choyambirira. Nkhani monga latency yomwe ingakhalepo ndi mapulogalamu emulators amathetsedwa popeza kutsanzira kumachitika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri (hardware).
Zida zoyambira sizingakhale zodalirika, makamaka zikamakalamba. Kufotokozeranso machitidwe a mabwalo oyambira ndi FPGA ndi njira yosungira zida zoyambira ndipo zitha kutumizidwa mobwerezabwereza. Mapulojekitiwa akapangidwa gwero lotseguka, aliyense atha kupindula bola ali ndi zofunikira za FPGA zida.
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Kwa anthu ambiri, ndikwabwino kukhala ndi chida chimodzi chomwe chimatha kukonzedwanso pang'onopang'ono. Zida zoyambira zimatha kukhala zokwera mtengo, zimatenga malo, komanso zimakhala zovuta kupeza pamakompyuta osowa ndi ma board a arcade. Zinthuzi sizikukula ndipo, popeza kupanga kunatha kalekale, zimakhala zovuta kukonza kapena kusintha.
Popeza makina amatsatiridwa pamlingo wa Hardware, makina amayenera kulumikizana ndi zida zilizonse zopangidwira nsanjayo. Izi zikuphatikiza makatiriji oyambilira, zotumphukira, ndi zida zomwe sizimaganiziridwa polemba kernel.
Izi ndizosiyana ndi zotsatsira mapulogalamu zomwe zimayenera kuganizira zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito (monga mfuti yopepuka, mwachitsanzo).
MiSTER: FPGA kutsanzira kwa hardware kunyumba
MiSter FPGA ndi pulojekiti yotseguka ya FPGA yodzipatulira kutsanzira ndi kusunga zotonthoza, makompyuta amunthu ndi makina a arcade. Ndilo pulojekiti yopambana kwambiri yamtundu wake, yokhala ndi ma cores mazana ambiri omwe amapezeka komanso akutukuka.
Chigawo chokhacho "chofunikira" choyendetsa MiSTer FPGA ndi DE10-Nano, kachipangizo kakang'ono ka Raspberry Pi kamene kamakhala ndi Cyclone V system-on-chip. Bungweli likhoza kukulitsidwa ndi RAM yowonjezera, USB hub, ndi zowonjezera. zolowetsa/zotulutsa zomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito monga kutulutsa kwa VGA, kutulutsa kwa SCART kapena kutulutsa kwa JAMMA pamakabati amasewera.
Malingaliro a kampani Terasic Inc.
Kuti muyambe, mufunika DE10-Nano, mlandu, ndi kuziziritsa. Kuti muyesere kwambiri, kukulitsa RAM kumafunika. Mutha kukulitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwanu kwa MiSTer FPGA kuti igwirizane ndi cholinga chanu pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zamalonda monga MiSTer Addons kapena Ultimate MiSTer. Kenako muyenera kukonza khadi yanu ya SD ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa MiSTer.
Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito emulators "zachikhalidwe", komabe imafuna mafayilo a deta ndi ma ROM, monga emulator ya mapulogalamu. Ngati ndinu wokonda yemwe mukufuna zomwe zingafanane ndi zida zoyambira, palibe chomwe chimapambana MiSTer. Kwa ena, ndi ndalama zambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe zingatheke kwaulere pogwiritsa ntchito kutsanzira mapulogalamu.
KUCHITA: Momwe Mungasewere Zomwe Mumakonda NES, SNES, ndi Masewera Ena a Retro pa PC Yanu Ndi Emulator
Analogi ya Pocket: Kutengera ma hardware a FPGA
Analogue Pocket ndi kompyuta yonyamula m'manja yamitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutsanzira kwa FPGA kuti igwirizane ndi makatiriji oyambilira a Game Boy, Game Boy Colour, ndi Game Boy Advance. Palinso ma adapter owonjezera a cartridge a Game Gear, Neo Geo Pocket, Atari Lynx ndi TurboGrafx-16 system.
Analog
Dongosololi limathandizira kupita patsogolo kwamakono monga kutha kuyimitsa masewerawa poyimitsa tulo. Pocket ili ndi chiwonetsero chokongola chomwe chimapanganso mawonekedwe ngati mawonekedwe a gridi ya pixel ndi zotsatira za LCD backlight. Itha kulumikizidwanso ndi docking station (yogulitsidwa padera) kusewera pa TV kudzera pa HDMI.
Pa $219,99, ndi chogwira cham'manja chabwino chomwe chingasangalatse aliyense wokhala ndi makatiriji athanzi. Sizingatheke kukweza ma ROM kuchokera ku mapulogalamu, koma Pocket ya Analogue imagwirizana ndi ngolo iliyonse yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi hardware.
Zoyipa za FPGAs pamasewera a Retro
Choyipa chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito ma FPGA kusewera masewera a retro ndi mtengo. Opanga mapulogalamu amakono amagwira ntchito pa chipangizo chilichonse, kuyambira pamakompyuta akale kupita ku mafoni a m'manja. Ambiri ndi aulere ndipo ambiri ndi mapulojekiti otseguka. Ena akhala akutukuka kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ndi osinthika kwambiri.
MiSter FPGA ndi Analogue Pocket ndizokonda zodula. Ntchito ya MiSter, makamaka, ikhoza kuwononga ndalama zoposa $ 500 ndi zowonjezera zokwanira, ndipo ngakhale ndizofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi bolodi limodzi la masewera kapena makompyuta osowa kunyumba, ndizogulitsa.
MiSTERAddons.com
Kupezeka kulinso nkhawa. Pofika polemba izi mu February 2022, DE-10 Nano imagulitsidwa kulikonse ndipo Analogue ili ndi mndandanda wodikirira wazaka zambiri pagulu lotsatira la Pocket consoles. Zinthu zikuipiraipira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapadziko lonse kwa ma semiconductors ndi ogulitsa omwe amalipira mitengo yokwera pamawebusayiti ogulitsa.
Kutengera mapulogalamu ndi zida zamakono zafika pamlingo womwe osewera wamba ambiri sangazindikire kusiyana pakati pa pulogalamu yoyeserera ndi zida zoyambira. Ntchito za FPGA monga MiSTER ndi Pocket zimalunjika mwachindunji kwa okonda. Mtengo ndi kupezeka zikuyembekezeka kuyenda bwino pakapita nthawi, chifukwa chake tsogolo la kutsanzira kwa FPGA hardware ndi lowala kwambiri.
Njira zina zotsanzira zakale
Pano pali njira zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta zolowera kutsanzira. Mwayi ndi chipangizo chomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito posewera ichi chikhoza kuyendetsa emulator yamitundu yambiri ngati RetroArch.
Imodzi mwamakina abwino kwambiri otsanzira kunyumba pakali pano ndi Xbox Series S (kapena Series X), yomwe imapezeka mosavuta komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa ma cores ambiri a RetroArch. Ngati mukuyang'ana china chake chonyamula, onani ma emulators aposachedwa a Linux ndi Android m'malo mwake.
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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