😍 2022-04-10 05:30:00 - Paris/France.
Ana de Armas akuyenera kukhala nawo mufilimu yoyamba yoyambirira ya Netflix yokhala ndi NC-17, yomwe ikufanana ndi US ndi kuwonetsa kosayenera kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 18 ku Spain, monga nsanja yalengeza kumene. lagolidela zamoyo ya Marilyn Monroe yomwe idzatulutsidwa chaka chino, adzakhala mbali ya osankhidwa gulu la mafilimu ndi zimene makampani amaona a kupsopsona kwa imfa, chiyeneretso chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wochita bwino pamalonda. ovina (1995) ndi filimu yopambana kwambiri ya NC-17 mpaka pano ndi $ 20 miliyoni (chaka chomwecho batman kwanthawizonse adapeza 184 miliyoni m'dziko lake). Mafilimu ena otchuka kwambiri a NC-17 ndi ngozi Wolemba David Cronenberg (1996), Funsani maloto (2000)manyazi (2011) kapena Maphunziro Oipa (2004).
Ndi filimu iti yomwe iyenera kukhala yoyenerera ulemu wokayikitsawu? Kugonana, chiwawa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mawu oipa, okwera pamahatchi anayi a apocalypse ku Hollywood ku studio zazikulu. Makanema osapitilira 80 adatulutsidwa ndi NC-17 kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa mu 1990. Sikuti anthu osakwanitsa zaka 18 ndi oletsedwa, koma izi zimachepetsa kupezeka kwa zisudzo ndi mwayi wokwezedwa. : kanema wamkulu kwambiri maunyolo ku United States nthawi zambiri amakana kuwawonetsa ndipo atolankhani osamala kwambiri satsatsa. M'machitidwe, kutsegula ndi NC-17 rating kumatanthauza kusiya kudzipatula ndi kusawoneka pa billboard.
Pofuna kupewa kugwera m'thumba lotembereredwali, ogawa nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kamvekedwe ndi zomwe zili m'mafilimu. Ziphwafu zopeka (1994), Maso ali otseka (1999)chibadwa choyambirira (1992)obadwa akupha (1994)pie waku America (1998) kapena Vu (2004), poyambilira adalandira NC-17 ndikubwerera kuchipinda chosinthira kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a R omwe alibe malire, makanema omwe amatha kuwonedwa ndi ana osakwana zaka 17 pokhapokha atatsagana ndi munthu wamkulu. Kodi Quentin Tarantino akanakhala bwanji ngati sadadandaule za kuwunika? Zowonjezerapo: ndi zida zingati zamakanema akuluakulu omwe sanapangidwe chifukwa choopa kulandira izi?
chabwino x
M'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80, MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America, holo yomwe imapanga mafilimu aku America pazaka) adavotera X chifukwa cha chiwerewere kapena zachiwawa mafilimu otchuka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo Clockwork Orange (1971), Tango womaliza ku Paris (1972) kaya pakati pausiku cowboy (1969), kupanga kokha X-kuvotera kuti apambane pa Best Picture Oscar. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mafilimu olaula anali atatenga chilembo X, mpaka mafilimu ambiri olaula amadzitcha X popanda kudutsa MPAA. Ena ankakonda kuchulukitsa X (anali mafilimu a XX kapena XXX), zomwe zinawapangitsa kukhala okongola kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amafunafuna mafilimu amtunduwu.
Michael Douglas ndi Sharon Stone mu imodzi mwazithunzi zambiri zogonana zomwe zimachitika mu "Basic Instinct" (1992). Sunset Boulevard (Corbis via Getty Images)
M'zaka za m'ma 1990, makampani aku Hollywood adakumana ndi vuto: makanema ena omwe zolemba zawo sizinali zoyenera kwa ana ang'onoang'ono koma omwe anali ndi chikhalidwe chosatsutsika adalandira mavoti osalidwa. Ogawa ena adaganiza zomasula mapulojekiti awo popanda kuvotera atapeza X, monga Miramax adachitira Wophika, wakuba, mkazi wake ndi wokondedwa wake (1989) ndi Peter Greenaway. Pachifukwa ichi, Harvey Weinstein mwiniwake, yemwe panthawiyo ankadziwika kuti ndi mwini wake wa Miramax, adatengerapo mwayi pazochitikazo kuti awonetsetse kuti ndi filimu yosokoneza maganizo komanso yosokoneza ndipo pamapeto pake adapeza ndalama zokwana madola 7,5 miliyoni ku North America.
Weinstein mwiniwake adabwerezanso gawoli ndimange ine, filimu ya Pedro Almodóvar yomwe inatulutsidwa ku United States mu May 1990. MPAA idavotera X pazifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo chithunzithunzi cha chidole chomwe chikudutsa m'bafa mpaka chikafika pamphuno ya Victoria Abril. Miramax idaganiza zoimasula popanda kuwerengera ndipo idapeza ndalama pafupifupi $ 4 miliyoni, koma wogawayo adasumira MPAA. Chotsimikizika ndi chimenecho ndimange ine inali imodzi mwa maudindo omwe adayambitsa kupanga chizindikiro chatsopano, popeza ngakhale a Weinstein adataya mlanduwo, m'chigamulo chake woweruzayo adatchula filimu ya Almodóvar kuti ndi imodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kukhulupirika kwa ndondomeko ya zigoli kunali kokayikitsa.
Linali vuto la Anais
Koma inali filimu ina yomwe ikanabweretsa kusintha: Henry & June (1990), ndi Philip Kaufman, chithunzi cha anthu atatu okondana omwe adapangidwa ndi Henry Miller ndi mkazi wake June ndi wolemba Anaïs Nin, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa MPAA: mpaka nthawi imeneyo mafilimu onse omwe sanali zolaula omwe adalandira X. a Ngakhale anali ovomerezeka mwaluso, anali a ogawa odziyimira pawokha. Henry & June idachokera ku imodzi mwa masitudiyo akuluakulu omwe sanangoyendetsa Hollywood, komanso adapanga ndikupereka ndalama za MPAA yokha: Universal. Purezidenti wa bungweli panthawiyo, a Jack Valenti, adapanga chizindikiro chatsopano chotchedwa NC-17 pofuna kuletsa mafilimu akuluakulu ndikuwapatsa chizindikiro chomwe chingawalole kukhala ovomerezeka ngakhale ali osayenera.
Zinapita moyipa. Ngakhale kuti makampaniwo analandira chiŵerengerocho ndi kusisitidwa ndi manja, magulu ena a anthu a ku America anakana kuyambira pachiyambi kuvomereza monga mafilimu ovomerezeka omwe amawaona kukhala osayenera, kaya anali ndi X kapena ayi. pafupifupi mabwalo owonetsera masewero XNUMX anavomera kuonetsa filimuyi, ndipo mawailesi ambiri, makamaka a m’madera akum’mwera, anakana kulengeza filimuyo.
Kulephera kwadzetsa kusalana
Opanga ndi ogawa adapita kutali kuti apewe NC-17: Akhoza kupempha kubwereza, komwe nthawi zambiri sikunapite kulikonse, kapena kusintha odulidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mafilimu ku chiwerengero cha R. Msewu umayenda kwambiri. maudindo ngati Lieutenant wachinyengo (1993)ngozi inde Kukonda kwanga ndi Helena (1993) idapangidwa ndi NC-17 chifukwa chogonana kwambiri, ngakhale palibe amene amamvetsetsa chifukwa chake bungwe laumbanda (1993) ndi chibadwa choyambirira anatulutsidwa m’mabwalo oonetsera mafilimu ovoteredwa ndi R mosasamala kanthu za zochitika zina zomwe zimakondweretsa mbadwo wonse wakugonana.
Elizabeth Berkley amavula maliseche mu "Showgirls" (1995). Murray Close (Sygma kudzera pa Getty Images)
Koma wofalitsa adaganiza zotuluka, kuti alandire NC-17, ndikuyika chidwi cha kanema wawo pazimenezi. Anali a United Artists ndipo filimuyo inali ovina, kupanga koyamba kwakukulu (kunawononga ndalama pakati pa 40 ndi 45 miliyoni madola) kuti atulutsidwe ndi chizindikiro chotembereredwachi. "Kuyambira pachiyambi, tinkadziwa za kuthekera kwa filimuyi kulandira NC-17. Nditawona filimuyo, ndikuvomereza kwathunthu. Ife timavomereza izo. Ndi kanema wamkulu. Ndipo ndikuyembekeza moona mtima kuti kusalidwa komwe kumakhudzana ndi NC-17 kutha, "Pulezidenti wa MGM/UA Frank Mancuso adatero poyankhulana.
Ndipo mwina inde ovina sakadatetezedwa ndi otsutsa ndipo, poyambirira, adadedwa ndi kunyozedwa ndi anthu, akanakhala ndi chotsatira ichi. Koma filimu ya Paul Verhoeven, yomwe inangoyamba kugawidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi diso lofufuza, inali yolephera malonda. Ngakhale idayamba ngati filimu ya NC-17 yomwe idawonetsa koyamba kwambiri (pakati pa 700 ndi 1 zisudzo) ndipo idakhala yotchuka kwambiri, mamiliyoni 000 omwe adapeza sanafikire ngakhale theka la bajeti yake. Uwu unali msomali womaliza m'bokosi lamakanema achikulire, motsatiridwa ndi kusintha kwa mlingo: mpaka 20, NC-1996 kutanthauza kuti sakanatha kuwonetsa kwa ochepera zaka 17. Kuyambira chaka chino, ziletso zawonjezeka kufika pa 17.
Zaka zana kwa akulu
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka XNUMX, mkangano wokhudza dongosolo la mavoti unayambikanso. Wotsutsa Roger Ebert, mwina mtolankhani wodalirika kwambiri pamakampaniwo, wakhala akuyitanitsa dongosolo latsopano lomwe lingaphatikizepo chizindikiro cha A, choperekedwa kwa mafilimu akuluakulu. Milandu yosamveka komanso yokayikitsa yomwe ikuwonetsa mtundu wina wachinyengo ndi chinyengo pa gawo la MPAA idakulanso. Chifukwa chiyani ziwawa za Ipha Bill Volume 2 (2004) adayenera kulandira chidziwitso chocheperako kuposa kugonana kwa Adam wamng'ono (2003) Chifukwa kanema wowopsa (2000), filimu yopangidwa ndi kampani ya Disney yomwe inali ndi zithunzi za kutulutsa umuna, ma blowjobs ndi mbolo zoyima, idavoteledwa R pomwe zopanga zosawoneka bwino monga makanema a Todd Solondz adavoteledwa NC- 17? Darren Aronofsky anakana kubwerera Funsani maloto kunena kuti kuchotsa mbali yake iliyonse kungachepetse uthenga wake wotsutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Yotulutsidwa ngati NC-17, idapeza ndalama zoposa $3 miliyoni ku United States.
olota, filimu yomaliza ya Bernardo Bertolucci, idachita bwino kwambiri mu 2003 ngakhale idavotera NC-17. Distributor Fox Searchlight Pictures sanathe kuigwiranso chifukwa wopanga filimu wa ku Italy anali ndi ulamuliro wodula komaliza ndi mgwirizano, koma monga filimu yaing'ono ya zojambulajambula inafika pa 2,5 miliyoni. Wogawa yemweyo adatha kukakamiza Kimberly Peirce kuti abwerere anyamata salira (1999) kuti atenge R, zomwe wotsogolera adazitcha "zowononga."
Tom Cruise akupsompsona Nicole Kidman muzochitika zochokera ku 'Eyes Wide Shut' (1999).Zithunzi zamafayilo (Getty Images)
Pedro Almodovar amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atsitsidwe ku NC-17. mafilimu ngati Bullfighter (1984) inde Lamulo la chikhumbo (1986) anali ataganiziridwa kale X panthawiyo, ndipo ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri a iwo adatha kukhala ndi chipambano cha bokosi. Izi zinali choncho Maphunziro Oipainatulutsidwa mu 2004 ndi chopereka chomaliza cha $ 5,2 miliyoni.
Cholemba cha NC-17 chidalimbikitsa zolemba za 2006 Kanemayu sanavoterebe (Kanemayu sanalandirebe mlingo). Kirby Dick wosankhidwa ndi Oscar adatsogolera zolemba zofufuzirazi zomwe zinawonetsa kusiyana kwina kwa zisankho za MPAA, pakati pa mafilimu opangidwa ndi ma studio akuluakulu ndi makampani odzipangira okha, pakati pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso pakati pa chiwawa ndi kugonana.
mwachionekere, Kanemayu sanavoterebe chinalengedwa popanda gulu.
manyazi mu 2010
Imodzi mwa milandu yomwe imatsutsana kwambiri m'mbiri iyi ndi ya BlueValentine (2010), filimu ya Derek Cianfrance yodziwika ndi Ryan Gosling ndi Michelle Williams. MPAA idavotera NC-17, ndikuyambitsa kampeni yoyimba motsogozedwa ndi wopanga Weinstein ndi Gosling. Chochitika chachikulu chomwe chidapangitsa kuti bungwe lipange chisankho ichi ndi pomwe protagonist amapanga a cunnilingus kwa mkazi wake. Chaka chomwecho Mbalame Yakudayomwe ili ndi kugonana kwapakamwa kwautali womwewo, idalandira R.
Gosling adadzudzula cholembacho akuchitcha kuti ndi chonyansa. "MPAA imathandizira kwathunthu ziwonetsero zomwe zikuwonetsa azimayi akuzunzidwa komanso nkhanza zogonana pofuna zosangalatsa, koma amayesa kutikakamiza kuti tiyang'ane kumbali yomwe ikuwonetsa mkazi ...
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
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