📱 2022-09-05 06:01:25 - Paris/France.
Carl Marci, katswiri wa zamaganizo ku Misa. General Hospital ndi wothandizira pulofesa wa zamaganizo pa Harvard Medical School, akunena kuti akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kutengera makina owonetsera kwa ana: "Tikukonzanso mbadwo wa anthu kuti uyambe kuyesa luso lamakono kosalamulirika komwe kuli ndi zotulukapo zazikulu. Ndipo tiyenera kupuma.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Marci anapereka phunziro kwa ophunzira za ntchito yake pa zotsatira za zowonetsera pa ubongo wathu. Amatha kudziwa kuti amatchera khutu - makamaka chifukwa samayimba mafoni awo.
Kenako adafunsa kuti, "Ndi anthu angati pano omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi ubale wosayenera ndi foni yawo?" Manja onse anakwera mmwamba. "Ndipo ndinati, 'Chabwino, aliyense? Ndiye chikuchitika ndi chiyani kumeneko? Ndipo anthu angapo anati, 'Palibe amene anatiuza. Palibe amene anati, Hei, chenjerani! Ndipo iwo ndi openga.
Kafukufuku waposachedwa kuchokera ku Pew Research Center akuwonetsa momwe mafoni atengera moyo wachinyamata. Pafupifupi theka la achinyamata amanena kuti ali pa intaneti "pafupifupi nthawi zonse," ndipo atsikana amakhala ndi mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti nthawi zonse, ndipo achinyamata akuda ndi a ku Spain pafupifupi 50% kuposa anzawo oyera.
Marci, mlembi wa "Rewired: Kuteteza Ubongo Wanu M'zaka Zamakono," akuti zomwe takumana nazo pa foni yam'manja zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka pafupifupi 15 - iPhone idayambitsidwa mu 2007 - ndipo palibe chifukwa chonyalanyaza maphunziro omwe zaka izi aphunzira. ife. Tachulukitsa mitengo ya “kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, ADHD, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudzipha. … Ndife otanganidwa kwambiri, ogawanika komanso okhumudwa.
Chaka chatha, Dokotala wamkulu wa Opaleshoni Vivek Murthy adawonetsa nkhawa yayikulu yokhudza thanzi laubongo la achinyamata, ndikuti pakati pa 2009 ndi 2019 panali chiwonjezeko cha 40% cha chiwerengero cha ophunzira akusekondale omwe akuwonetsa "kukhala achisoni kosalekeza kapena kutaya mtima". Ndipo Murthy ananena kuti ukadaulo "ukhoza kutisokoneza, kulimbikitsa makhalidwe oipa monga kupezerera anzawo ndi kusalidwa, komanso kusokoneza malo otetezeka ndi othandiza omwe achinyamata amafunikira komanso oyenera."
Kafukufuku wa NIH womwe udayamba mu 2018 adapeza kuti ana omwe amathera maola opitilira awiri patsiku la nthawi yawo yaulere pazida amachita zoyipa kwambiri pakuyesa kuganiza, chilankhulo, komanso kukumbukira kuposa ana omwe amakhala nthawi yochepa pazida. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi kwaphulika kwambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Mu 2015, pafupifupi 40% ya ana azaka 12 anali ndi foni yawoyawo. Tsopano oposa 70% amachita.
Marci akuwopa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito foni kungawononge ubongo wa ana pakapita nthawi, makamaka prefrontal cortex, yomwe imatithandiza kulamulira zikhumbo zathu ndi kupanga zisankho zabwino, mwa zina.
Mpaka zaka zapakati pa makumi awiri, prefrontal cortex yanu ikukulabe, ndipo kuchita zinthu zambiri (zambiri zomwe timachita ndi mafoni athu) kumabweretsa mavuto akulu pa prefrontal cortex. Zowonadi, pophunzira pambuyo pophunzira, ana ndi akulu onse ndi owopsa pakuchita zinthu zambiri.
Michael Rich, dokotala wa ana pa Chipatala cha Ana cha Boston amene amasumika maganizo pa ana ndi mawailesi, akunena mosapita m’mbali kuti “ubongo wathu waumunthu umangolingalira za njira imodzi panthawi imodzi. Kusintha ntchito, zomwe tikuchita, ndi njira yoyipa yochitira chilichonse.
Koma ngati ndinu wachinyamata wofunitsitsa kunyamula foni, zenizeni za neuroscience sizingakhale zovuta. Ndipo ngakhale ife omwe tili ndi prefrontal cortex yokhazikika timakhala ndi vuto lozimitsa mafoni athu.
Zomwe zili ndi mapangidwe. Monga makina a slot, maimelo ndi mapulogalamu ochezera a pa Intaneti amapereka mphoto zapakatikati. Nthawi zina mumalandira uthenga kuchokera kwa munthu amene mumamukonda, kapena bwana wanu, kapena mdani wanu. Koma osati nthawi zambiri.
Ndithudi, kumva kwa chipambano pamene mulandira umodzi wa mauthenga amtengo wapatali ameneŵa n’kwachidule. Ndipo, monga kasino, m'kupita kwanthawi, nyumba imapambana nthawi zonse.
"Cholinga chachikulu chamakampani omwe amapanga zochitika zama digito, makamaka masewera a pa intaneti ndi makanema, ndikulimbitsa machitidwe omwe amapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kubwerera," alemba Marci mu "Rewired."
Ndipo amaona ana akutaya tulo tambiri, chifukwa kukhala ndi foni usiku wonse ndi chiyeso chosakanizika. "Ndimauza makolo, ngati pangakhale lamulo limodzi lokha, mutangopanga lingaliro limodzi lokha, lingakhale: chotsani foni yoyipayo osachepera ola limodzi musanagone. »
Ku Chipatala cha Ana, komwe Rich amayendetsa Interactive Media ndi Internet Disorders Clinic, amawona mabanja akulandira mafoni a ana aang'ono omwe akuchulukirachulukira. "Kunena zoona, makampani opanda zingwe nthawi zonse amayesetsa kukulitsa msika wawo. Ndipo kotero iwo amakula mozama mu ubwana. Rich akuganiza kuti makampani akuyeseranso kutsimikizira makolo kuti mafoni amapatsa ana chitetezo.
Kwa Marci, komabe, zomwe takumana nazo pagulu lathu lonse ndi ana ndi zowonera sizowopsa. Chikhumbo chofuna kubwereranso ku Twitter, TikTok kapena YouTube chasintha mafoni, akutero, kukhala "okhazikika," njira zothana ndi kunyong'onyeka, mkwiyo kapena nkhawa. “Ndipo chinthu chobisika kwambiri ndichakuti mukangoyamba kuchita zimenezo, m’pamenenso mumayamba kuzolowera. Monga, ndikulimbana kale ndi mwana wanga wamwamuna wazaka 9. … Ingopitani mukayimbe piyano, pitani mukathamangire panja. Chitani chilichonse koma kudzisangalatsa ndi YouTube. Chifukwa ndimatha kuyimva - ndikuyiwona ikukokera pamenepo.
Opanga malamulo angazindikire kukula kwa nkhaŵa ya makolo. Senator wa Massachusetts Ed Markey ndi m'modzi mwa othandizira nawo a KIDS Act, omwe cholinga chake chinali kuthana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso - ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika - kwa nsanja zapaintaneti ndi achinyamata. Markey analemba kuti: "Mapulatifomu ochepa amphamvu a pa intaneti omwe ana ndi achinyamata amathera nthawi yawo yambiri pa intaneti amakhala owopsa kwa iwo."
Choncho, m’dziko lodzaza ndi mafoni, kodi makolo ayenera kuchita chiyani?
Marci ndi Rich amaumirira kuti ana sali ofanana, ndipo kudziwa zaka zenizeni zomwe mwana aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi foni sikumveka. Marci akufotokoza kuti: “Ndikuganiza kuti yankho ndi 14 mpaka 16. Ndikufuna kunena kuti 18, koma zimenezo sizichitika, sichoncho? »
Rich nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti kusekondale ndi nthawi yabwino kuyambitsa mafoni, ngakhale amavomereza kuti zimakhala zovuta kukhala mwana yekhayo pasukulu yapakati popanda foni.
Madotolo onsewa akuwona kuti mafoni am'manja ndi malo abwino oyambira - ana amatha kutumizirana mameseji ndikuyimba foni, koma sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito foni ngati masewera, makanema kapena malo ochezera.
Ndipo m’pofunika kwambiri kuti makolo akhale chitsanzo chabwino. "Kugwiritsa ntchito kwathu zida ndizomwe azitengera," akutero Rich. "Abambo amakonda kuyankha pa foni pa chakudya chamadzulo ndikuyankha maimelo ndikukalipira mwana chifukwa chosewera. masewera a kanema, ndi chinyengo chabe kwa mwanayo. »
Makolo ayenera kuwona mafoni ngati zida, akutsutsa Rich. Ndipo ayenera kufunsa mwana wawo chifukwa chake akufunikira foni komanso zomwe angawachitire. Simungapatse mwana wanu macheka - mtundu wina wa chida chamagetsi - osaonetsetsa kuti akudziwa zomwe akuchita nawo.
Zoona zake n’zakuti ana amamvetsa kale mmene mafoni amakhudzira. Achinyamata ambiri omwe adauza a Pew kuti "amakhala nthawi zonse" pa intaneti amadzimva kuti "amakhala ochulukirachulukira pazama TV." Zotsatira za mwana wathu wazaka 15 kuyesa ana ndi mafoni akukhala omveka bwino komanso omveka bwino. Ana amachidziwa, ndipo ifenso timachidziwa.
Tsatirani Kara Miller pa Twitter @karaemiller.
SOURCE: Ndemanga za News
Osazengereza kugawana nawo nkhani yathu pamasamba ochezera kuti atilimbikitse. đź‘“