Mitundu Yokwawa 94: Takulandilani kunkhani yathu yokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokwawa, munthu wofuna kudziwa! Kodi mumadziwa kuti padzikoli pali zokwawa zambiri zochititsa chidwi? Kuchokera pa njoka zaululu, akamba akuluakulu, abuluzi okongola, nyama zozizirazi zasintha mwapadera kuti zizolowere malo osiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokwawa, kumvetsetsa udindo wawo pazachilengedwe, ndikupeza momwe zakhudzira chikhalidwe chathu. Konzekerani kuti mudabwe ndi zokwawa zodabwitsazi ndikuphunzira zambiri za zolengedwa zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimamveka bwino. Ndiye, kodi mwakonzeka kulowa m'dziko losangalatsa la zokwawa? Tsatirani Mtsogoleri !
Kumvetsetsa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Zokwawa
Dziko lochititsa chidwi la zokwawa lili ndi mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yodabwitsa. Zolengedwa zakalezi zidayenda padziko lapansi kalekale anthu asanakhalepo, ndipo akupitiliza kupanga chidwi chambiri chasayansi komanso chodziwika bwino. Nthawi zina, zokwawa zomwe zimawopa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasilira, zimabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zomwe tidzazifufuza.
Gulu la Zokwawa
Zokwawa, gulu la nyama zozizira, zimagwera makamaka m'magulu asanu. Maguluwa akuwonetsa kusinthika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo m'zaka zapitazi. Timapeza mwa iwo:
- A Chelonians : Gululi likuphatikizapo akamba amitundu yonse, kuyambira odziwika kwambiri mpaka achilendo.
- The Lacertilians : Amaimira abuluzi m’maonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana.
- Ophidians : Mawuwa amanena za njoka zonse, kuyambira zosavulaza kwambiri mpaka zaululu kwambiri.
- The Rhynchocephali : Gulu lomwe latsala pang'ono kutha, lomwe likuimiridwa masiku ano ndi mtundu umodzi, hatteria kapena tuatara.
- The Crocodilians : Amaphatikizapo ng’ona ndi zimbalangondo, zilombo zoopsa za m’madzi.
Mabanja Awiri Aakulu a Zokwawa
Banja lalikulu la zokwawa lagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, omwe atsatira njira zosiyanasiyana zachisinthiko:
- Parareptilia kapena chelonians (akamba): Amadziwika ndi chipolopolo chawo choteteza komanso moyo wawo wapadziko lapansi kapena wam'madzi.
- Eureptilia kapena Diapsida : Gulu losiyanasiyanali likuphatikizapo ma lepidosaurians (tuatara, abuluzi ndi njoka) ndi archosaurians (ng'ona ndi mbalame zina, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndi mbadwa za madinosaur).
Kuwona Mitundu Yamitundumitundu ya Zokwawa
Akamba (Chelonians)
Akamba ndi omwe adapulumuka nthawi ya dinosaur, adatha kukhala ndi moyo kwazaka zambiri chifukwa cha zipolopolo zawo zolimba. Amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kuchipululu chouma mpaka kunyanja zakuya. Akamba amalemekezedwanso m'zikhalidwe zambiri chifukwa cha moyo wawo wautali komanso nzeru zophiphiritsira.
Abuluzi (Lacertilians)
Abuluzi mwina ndi zokwawa zodziwika bwino kwa ambiri aife. Iwo ndi odziwika chifukwa cha luso lawo lotha kusinthasintha kumadera ambiri, kuphatikizapo nyengo zowopsya. Abuluzi ena ali ndi makhalidwe ochititsa chidwi, monga kutha kusintha mtundu kapena kusintha ziwalo za thupi lawo.
Njoka (Ophidians)
Kwa nthawi yaitali njoka zakhala zikudziwika komanso zikhulupiriro zabodza. Ndi matupi awo aatali, opanda miyendo ndi mayendedwe osunthika, nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa. Komabe, njoka zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakulinganiza zachilengedwe monga zolusa komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makoswe.
Ng’ona ndi Ng’ona (Ng’ona)
Oopsa komanso amphamvu, ng'ona ndi zimbalangondo ndi ambuye amadzi omwe amakhala. Zilombo zamphamvu za nsagwada zimenezi zili m’gulu la zokwawa zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zilipo ndipo sizinasinthe kwenikweni kuyambira nthawi ya ma dinosaurs.
The Tuatara (Rhynchocephalus)
The tuatara ndi nkhani yapadera mu dziko la zokwawa. Ndi woyimirira yekhayo, ndiye chotsalira cha gulu lomwe poyamba linkachita bwino. Chokwawa chimenechi, chomwe si buluzi kapena njoka, chimapereka chidziŵitso chosowa ponena za kusinthika kwa zamoyo zokwawa.
Zokwawa mu Ecosystem ndi Chikhalidwe
Kufunika Kwachilengedwe kwa Zokwawa
Zokwawa zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachilengedwe. Monga zilombo zolusa, zimasunga kuchulukana kwa nyama zina. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ya zokwawa imathandizira kufalitsa mbewu ndi kufalitsa mungu, motero imatenga nawo gawo paumoyo wa chilengedwe.
Malo a Zokwawa mu Chikhalidwe cha Anthu
Kuyambira kale, zokwawa zatenga malo otchuka mu nthano, nthano ndi luso. Nthawi zambiri amaimira nzeru, mphamvu ndi kubadwanso. Zikhalidwe zambiri zimati zamatsenga kapena zaumulungu zimachokera ku zokwawa, zomwe zimawonetsa chidwi chathu ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsazi.
Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza Zokwawa
Masiku ano, zamoyo zambiri zokwawa zili pangozi chifukwa cha zochita za anthu komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuteteza nyama zokwawa kwakhala nkhani yaikulu poteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Kuyesayesa kukuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti ateteze malo awo okhala ndi kuonetsetsa kuti akukhalamo mpaka mibadwo yamtsogolo.
Kutsiliza
Zokwawa zimapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi, ponse pazachilengedwe komanso pachikhalidwe. Mwa kuphunzira kudziŵa ndi kulemekeza zamoyo zokwawa zimenezi, tingathe kuthandizira pa kusamala kwawo ndi kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimene zimaimira. Zokwawa zamtundu 94, zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimatanthawuza kusiyanasiyana kwa nyamazi, zimatikumbutsa za kufunikira kosunga mtundu uliwonse kuti ukhale wabwino wa chilengedwe chathu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mafunso ndi Mafunso a Mitundu Yokwawa
Q: Kodi chokwawa chosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi chiyani?
A: Mu 2019, asayansi adapeza mtundu wosowa wa kamba wamkulu, Chelonoidis phantasticus, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "chimphona chongopeka". Idawonedwa komaliza mu 1906.
Q: Kodi mabanja awiri akuluakulu a zokwawa ndi ati?
A: Zokwawa zimagawidwa m'mabanja awiri akuluakulu: a parareptilia kapena chelonians (akamba) ndi eureptilia kapena diapsids, omwe amaphatikizapo lepidosaurians (tuatara, abuluzi ndi njoka) komanso archosaurians (ng'ona ndi mbalame).
Q: Ndi reptile iti yomwe imadziwika ndi ma terrariophiles oyamba?
A: Chinjoka chandevu, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Pogona, ndi chokwawa chodziwika ndi chiyambi cha terrariophiles. Iye ndi wosavuta kulera, ali ndi zosoŵa zosavuta kuzikhutiritsa ndipo amakonda kucheza ndi anthu.