Fakhri K.
Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft… Zimphona zisanu za Silicon Valley zomwe tikuzitchula lero ndi dzina loti GAFAM. Ukadaulo watsopano, zachuma, fintech, thanzi, magalimoto… Palibe malo omwe amawathawa. Chuma chawo nthawi zina chimaposa cha mayiko otukuka.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti GAFAM ilipo muukadaulo watsopano, mukulakwitsa! Zimphona zisanu za High Tech izi zayika ndalama mwa ena, mpaka kufika pakupanga chilengedwe chonse, monga polojekitiyi. Metaverse ya Meta, kampani ya makolo a Facebook. Pazaka zosachepera 20, makampani awa atenga gawo lalikulu.
Aliyense waiwo ali ndi capitalization yamsika yopitilira 1 biliyoni dollars. M'malo mwake, ndizofanana ndi chuma cha Netherlands (GDP) chomwe chili pa 000th dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi ma GAFAM ndi chiyani? Kodi ukulu wawo umafotokoza chiyani? Mudzaona kuti ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi, koma yomwe yadzutsa nkhawa zambiri mbali zonse ziwiri.
Zamkatimu
GAFAM, ndi chiyani?
"Big Five" ndi "GAFAM" ndi mayina awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza Google, apulo, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft. Ndiwo olemera osatsutsika a Silicon Valley komanso chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. Onse pamodzi, amapeza ndalama zogulira msika pafupifupi $ 4,5 thililiyoni. Iwo ali m'gulu losankhidwa kwambiri lamakampani omwe atchulidwa kwambiri aku America. Komanso, onse akupezeka mu pulogalamuyi NASDAQ, msika waku America wosungirako makampani aukadaulo.
Ma GFAMs Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple ndi Microsoft ndi makampani asanu amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera ndalama zamsika. Zimphona zisanu za digito izi zimalamulira magawo ambiri amsika wapaintaneti, ndipo mphamvu zawo zimakula chaka chilichonse.
Cholinga chawo ndi chodziwikiratu: kuphatikizira msika wapaintaneti, kuyambira ndi magawo omwe amawadziwa ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono zomwe zili, mapulogalamu, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, makina osakira, zida zolumikizirana ndi matelefoni.
Makampaniwa ali kale ndi msika wapaintaneti, ndipo mphamvu zawo zikupitilira kukula. Amatha kudziikira okha miyezo ndikulimbikitsa ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimawakomera. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi njira zopezera ndalama ndikupeza zoyambira zabwino kwambiri, kuti akulitse ufumu wawo wa digito.
Ma GFAM akhala ofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ambiri, koma mphamvu zawo nthawi zambiri zimatsutsidwa. Zowonadi, makampaniwa ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera magawo ena amsika wapaintaneti, zomwe zingayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu ndi machitidwe odana ndi mpikisano. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwawo kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi zambiri kumatsutsidwa ngati kuwukira kwachinsinsi. ku
Ngakhale akutsutsidwa, ma GFAM akupitirizabe kulamulira msika wa intaneti ndipo izi sizingatheke kusintha posachedwa. Makampaniwa akhala ofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ambiri, ndipo ndizovuta kulingalira zamtsogolo popanda iwo.
IPO
Apple ndi kampani yakale kwambiri ya GFAM malinga ndi IPO. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1976 ndi Steve Jobs wodziwika bwino, adadziwika mu 1980. Kenako Microsoft inachokera ku Bill Gates (1986), Amazon kuchokera ku Jeff Bezos (1997), Google kuchokera ku Larry Page ndi Sergey Brin (2004) ndi Facebook ndi Mark Zuckerberg (2012) ).
Zogulitsa ndi mabizinesi
Poyamba, makampani a GFAM ankaganizira kwambiri zaumisiri watsopano, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsira ntchito - mafoni kapena okhazikika - makompyuta kapena ma terminals a mafoni monga mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi ndi mawotchi olumikizidwa. Amapezekanso mu thanzi, kukhamukira kapena ngakhale galimoto.
Mpikisano
M'malo mwake, GFAM si gulu lokhalo lamakampani omwe alipo. Zina zatulukira, monga FAANG. Timapeza Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Google ndi Netflix. M'gululi, chimphona chokhamukira chatenga malo a kampani ya Redmond. Kumbali ina, Netflix ndiye kampani yokhayo yomwe imakonda ogula ikafika pazinthu zamawu, ngakhale Amazon ndi - mwina Apple - atsatira. Timaganiza, makamaka, za Amazon Prime Video. Timakambanso za NATU. Kwa mbali yake, gululi likuphatikizapo Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla ndi Uber.
GFAM, ufumu womangidwa mwala ndi mwala
Kukula kopenga kwa ntchito zawo kwakakamiza makampani a GFAM kumanga ufumu weniweni. Izi zimachokera ku kuchuluka kwa zogula zopangidwa ndi magawo ndi zina ndi makampani aku America.
Ndipotu, timapeza chitsanzo chofanana. Poyambirira, ma GAFAM adayamba ndi matekinoloje atsopano. Pambuyo pake, makampaniwo adakulitsa luso lawo pogula makampani ena omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo ena.
Chitsanzo cha Amazon
Kuyambira Amazon muofesi yaying'ono yosavuta, Jeff Bezos anali wogulitsa mabuku osavuta pa intaneti. Masiku ano, kampani yake yakhala mtsogoleri wosatsutsika pamalonda a e-commerce. Kuti izi zitheke, idachita ntchito zingapo zolanda, monga kupeza Zappos.
Amazon idachitanso mwapadera pa kagawidwe kazakudya, itapeza Msika wa Whole Foods Market pamtengo wochepera $ 13,7 biliyoni. Imapezekanso pa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT), Cloud and streaming (Amazon Prime).
Chitsanzo cha Apple
Kumbali yake, kampani ya Cupertino yapeza pafupifupi makampani 14 odziwika bwino nzeru zochita kupanga kuyambira 2013. Makampaniwa analinso akatswiri pa kuzindikira nkhope, othandizira pafupifupi ndi makina opangira mapulogalamu.
Apple idapezanso Beats akatswiri omveka kwa $ 3 biliyoni (2014). Kuyambira pamenepo, mtundu wa Apple unadzipangira malo ofunikira pakukhamukira kwa nyimbo kudzera pa Apple Music. Choncho amakhala mpikisano kwambiri kwa Spotify.
Chitsanzo cha Google
Kampani ya Mountain View yapezanso gawo lake lazogula. M'malo mwake, zinthu zambiri zomwe tikudziwa lero (Google Doc, Google Earth) zidabadwa kuchokera pazolanda izi. Google ikupanga phokoso kwambiri ndi Android. Kampaniyo idapeza OS mu 2005 pamtengo wa $ 50 miliyoni.
Kulakalaka kwa Google sikutha pamenepo. Kampaniyo yakonzekeranso kugonjetsa nzeru zopangapanga, mtambo ndi makampani opanga mapu.
Chitsanzo cha Facebook
Kumbali yake, Facebook inali yadyera kuposa makampani ena a GFAM. Kampani ya Mark Zuckerberg idachitabe zinthu mwanzeru, monga kupeza AboutFace, Instagram kapena Snapchat. Masiku ano, kampaniyo imatchedwa Meta. Sichikufunanso kuyimira malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Komanso, pakali pano akuyang'ana pa Metaverse ndi luntha lochita kupanga.
Chitsanzo cha Microsoft
Monga Facebook, Microsoft sidyera kwambiri ikafika pogula kampani inayake. Makamaka pamasewera omwe kampani ya Redmond idadzipanga yokha, makamaka popeza Minecraft ndi studio yake ya Mojang kwa $ 2,5 biliyoni. Panalinso kupeza kwa Activision Blizzard - ngakhale ntchitoyi ili nkhani ya mikangano ina -.
Chifukwa chiyani amapeza izi?
“Pezani zambiri kuti mupeze zambiri”… M'malo mwake, zili ngati choncho. Izi ndizoposa zonse kusankha kwanzeru. Pogula makampaniwa, ma GAFAM atenga ma patent ofunika kwambiri. Big Five aphatikizanso magulu a mainjiniya ndi luso lodziwika.
Oligarchy?
Komabe, ndi njira yomwe anthu amatsutsana kwambiri. Zowonadi, kwa ena owonera, iyi ndi yankho losavuta. Polephera kupanga zatsopano, Big Five amakonda kugula makampani olonjeza.
Zochita zomwe sizinawawononge "kanthu" chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu zachuma. Chifukwa chake ena amatsutsa mphamvu ya ndalama ndi chikhumbo chothetsa mpikisano wonse. Ndizochitika zenizeni za oligarchy zomwe zimayikidwa, ndi zonse zomwe zikutanthawuza ...
Kuti muwerenge: Kodi mawu akuti DC amaimira chiyani? Makanema, TikTok, Chidule, Medical, ndi Washington, DC
Mphamvu Yonse ndi Mkangano wa "Big Brother".
Ngati pali phunziro lomwe limadzutsa kutsutsidwa, ndilo la kasamalidwe ka deta yanu. Zithunzi, mauthenga, mayina, zokonda… Awa ndi migodi ya golide yeniyeni ya zimphona za GFAM. Iwo akhalanso akuchitiridwa nkhanza zingapo zomwe zaipitsa mbiri yawo.
Kuchucha m'manyuzipepala, maumboni osadziwika komanso zoneneza zosiyanasiyana zakhudza kwambiri Facebook. Kampani ya Mark Zuckerberg ikuimbidwa mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito molakwika zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito. Komanso, mu Meyi 2022, woyambitsa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti adamveka ndi American Justice. Chinali chowonadi chomwe sichinachitikepo chomwe chidapangitsa kuti inki yambiri ituluke.
Zotsatira za "Big Brother".
Kodi tingalankhule za "Big Brother" zotsatira? Chotsatiracho, monga chikumbutso, chikuyimira lingaliro la kuwunika kwaposachedwa komwe Georges Orwell adatchula mu masomphenya ake otchuka buku 1984. Zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi gawo la moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Ali ndi zinsinsi zathu zapamtima.
A GFAM ndiye akuimbidwa mlandu wogwiritsa ntchito deta yamtengo wapataliyi kuyang'anira ogwiritsa ntchito. Cholinga, malinga ndi otsutsa, chingakhale kugulitsa chidziwitsochi kwa otsatsa kwambiri, monga otsatsa kapena mabizinesi ena.
